完形填空

　　Today many people say that women have the same chances as men in society．But this was not always so．In the past, women all over the world had to 　　1　　 to get the same chances as men in education and jobs．Many people 　　2　　 that women should not receive 　　3　　 education because they would not do as well as men when they went to 　　4　　．

　　One woman, who 　　5　　 that women should have equal chance, was Marie Curie, a scientist．In the late 1800s scientists knew that uranium(铀)　　6　　 radiation(辐射)．They also knew how much radiation came from this element(元素)．But they did not know what this radiation 　　7　　; they 　　8　　 why and how uranium gave off radiation．

　　Marie Curie set out to answer these questions．In one of her experiments she was studying a waste material(材料)　　9　　 she knew contained uranium．But it gave off four times 　　10　　 much as uranium usually 　　11　　．What could explain this 　　12　　?Marie Curie thought that there 　　13　　 another source(来源)of radiation in this material．

　　In 1898 Marie Curie set out to find out this 　　14　　 source of radiation, which she named‘radium’(镭)．Her husband, who was also a scientist, 　　15　　 her．They set up a lab and for four years the Curies researched, doing many 　　16　　．And one morning in 1902 Marie 　　17　　 the source of the radiation．

　　Marie Curie 　　18　　 to the world that there was a new 　　19　　 that gave off radiation．And she also proved to the world that if women are given 　　20　　 chance they can really help society．

完形填空

　　On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm．The rain caused the streets to 　　1　　 and the subway system almost came to a stop．

　　Unfortunately, this happened during the morning 　　2　　 hour．Many people who were going to work were 　　3　　 to go home．Some battled to 　　4　　 a taxi or to get on a bus．Still others 　　5　　 the storm bravely, walking miles to get to work．

　　I happened to be one of the people on the way to work that morning．I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most 　　6　　 had stopped．After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was 　　7　　．Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to 　　8　　 the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the 　　9　　．So I took the train going in the 　　10　　 direction, and then switched back to the downtown train．Finally, after what seemed like forever, the train 　　11　　 my stop．Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain．When I finally got to my office, I was 　　12　　 through, exhausted and discouraged．

　　My co-workers and I spent most of the day drying off．When it was 5∶00 pm, I was ready to go home．I was about to 　　13　　 off my computer when I received an email from Garth, my Director：

　　I would like to thank all of you who made the 　　14　　 and eventually reported to work．It is always reassuring(令人欣慰的), at times like these, when employees so clearly show their attention and devotion to their 　　15　　．Thank you．

完型填空

　　Stephen Glenn is a famous scientist who has made several medical breakthroughs．When 　　1　　 why he was so much more 　　2　　 than the average person, he replied that it all came from an experience 　　3　　 his mom…At 2, he was trying to 　　4　　 a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he 　　5　　 his hold on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling(洒)its contents all over the kitchen floor!When his mom came in, instead of shouting at him or 　　6　　 him a lesson, she said,“Robert, what a great mess you've made!I've 　　7　　 seen such a sea of milk．Well, now that the 　　8　　 has been done, would you please get down and 　　9　　 in the milk for a while 　　10　　 we clean it up?”So happily he did．After that, his mom said,“Robert, whenever you make such a mess like this, you'll have to clean it up and restore(恢复)everything to its proper 　　11　　．So which do you prefer, a sponge, towel or mop?”He 　　12　　 the sponge and together they cleaned up the milk．His mom then said,“Robert, you've just had a 　　13　　 experiment about how to carry a big milk bottle 　　14　　 with two tiny hands．Now go to the sink to fill the bottle with 　　16　　 and see if you can discover a way to carry it safely．”Instantly Robert learned that he could 　　16　　 it if he grasped the bottle at the 　　17　　 near the lip with both hands．

　　　　18　　 wonderful a lesson!The famous scientist then remarked it was then and there that he came to know that 　　19　　 were just opportunities for learning something new, which is what scientific experiments are all about．

　　Wouldn't it be great if all parents could 　　20　　 the way Robert's mom did to him?

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　　Perhaps you've attended some parties．But like New York, where a party or dinner often 　　1　　 business with pleasure, a Washington party is a 　　2　　 part of the business of politics, the business of making 　　3　　 connections．

　　Some Washington parties have a 　　4　　 aura(气氛)about them, depending on who gives them and who is there, but most parties are open-house 　　5　　 in fact, with the hosts not knowing most of the 　　6　　 who are there．

　　I went to a few of these parties 　　7　　 I wanted to see the inside of some of the Washington mansions(公馆)I had 　　8　　 so much about．Almost every time during the evening some man would come close to talk with me 　　9　　, we didn't know each other at all．Such a 　　10　　 exchange clearly proves“a gathering of friends”　　11　　 Washington party standards．You don't even need an 　　12　　 to attend many Washington parties．You just have to know about them．No Washington hostess would 　　13　　 her servants to ask you who you were．Most of the bigger parties, those with 300 or 400 guests, 　　14　　 to impress somebody, and Washingtonians 　　15　　．

　　Most members of the Congress, for example, 　　16　　 middle-class backgrounds in smaller communities 　　17　　 the country．They are dazzled(眼花缭乱的)by 　　18　　．They are dazzled by big names．They are ready to help Washington 　　19　　 hostesses．They go along with them because they are good friends or they don't notice that they 　　20　　 or they don't care if they are．

完型填空

　　It was her giggling that drew my attention．Note taking really wasn't all that funny．

　　Walking over to the offender, I asked for the 　　1　　．Frozen, she refused to give it to me．I waited, all attention in the classroom on the quiet 　　2　　 between teacher and student．When she finally 　　3　　 it over she whispered,“Okay, but I didn't draw it．”

　　It was a hand-drawn 　　4　　 of me, teeth blackened and the words“I'm stupid”coming out of my mouth．

　　I managed to fold it up calmly．My mind, 　　5　　, was working angrily as I struggled not to 　　6　　．figured I knew the two most likely candidates for drawing the picture．It would do them some 　　7　　 to teach them a lesson, and maybe it was high time that I did it!

　　Thankfully, I was able to keep myself 　　8　　．

　　When there were about six minutes remaining, I showed the class the picture．They were all silent as I told them how 　　9　　 this was for me．I told them there must be a reason 　　10　　 and now was their chance to write down anything they needed t(tell me．Then I let them write silently while I sniffed in the back of the classroom．

　　As I 　　11　　 the notes later, many of them said something like,“I've got nothing against you,”or“I'm sorry you were hurt．”Some kids said,“We're 　　12　　 of you．”But two notes, from the girls who I 　　13　　 were behind the picture, had a list of issues．I was too 　　14　　, too strict…

　　Reading those notes, I realized that over the course of this year, instead of 　　15　　 my students, I had begun commanding then to 　　16　　．Where I thought I was driving them to success I was 　　17　　 driving them away．

　　I had some apologizing to do．But the next day in the classroom, one boy and one girl each handed me a card．The one 　　18　　 by all the boys expressed sincere regret for the ugly joke．The one from the girls asked for 　　19　　．

　　This was a lesson for both the kids and me．Forgiveness does not change the past, but it does enlarge the 　　20　　．

Reading Comprehension

　　The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants．

　　The problem we faced with is that our resources, here identified as money are 　　1　　．The only way we can solve the problem is to make choices．After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of 　　2　　 and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and 　　3　　 we cannot afford．As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics－deciding how to allocate(分配)our limited resources to provide 　　4　　 with greatest satisfaction of our wants．

　　Nations face the same problem．As a country's population 　　5　　, the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly．Resources necessary to production may increase, but there are 　　6　　 enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation．Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living room, in the conference room of the corporation 　　7　　 of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists．We need to find 　　8　　 of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants．

　　A short time ago, economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic．The former, like air and water, were in 　　9　　 abundance(丰富)that economists had no concern for them．After all, economics is the 　　10　　 of scarcity and what to do about it．Today many of these“free goods”are 　　11　　 very expensive to use．Population has made clean air and water expensive for producers extra cost, and 　　12　　 taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment．

　　In the 1990s, almost all goods are 　　13　　．Only by effort and money 　　14　　 obtained in the from people wish．

　　Meeting needs of people and the demands from resource available 　　15　　 the basic activity of production．In trying to meet unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics．

Reading Comprehension

　　By now, how the immune system(免疫系统)is affected by stress has been discovered．In one study 　　1　　 500 couples, those who showed very unfriendly behaviour during a 30-minute discussion about marriage problems had lower immune functioning for 24-hour period following the experiment than people who showed less 　　2　　 behaviour．It is not just stress that can do damage．One researcher thought that 　　3　　 the same cold virus was put under two different noses, the person who is depressed or 　　4　　 would be more likely to develop the cold．How can stress and related emotions contribute to poor health?

　　These feelings can cause the 　　5　　 of substances that damage or weaken our immune cells．Negative 　　6　　 can also cause our bodies to produce fewer substances that 　　7　　 help fight off disease．If stress, depression, anger and other negative feelings can make you more likely to get sick, can the 　　8　　 be true?Will you have a stronger immune 　　9　　 and greater health if you are happier, less stressed?Experts believe that the answer is yes．There are studies showing that by 　　10　　 certain mind-body techniques that help reduce stress and improve outlook, cancer patients can live longer．And cancer patients aren't the only ones who can 　　11　　．Research has found that when patients with chronic pain used 　　12　　 therapies and other techniques to 　　13　　 discomfort, they reduced their visits to the doctors by 36％．Relaxation produces better health through deep rhythmic breathing, muscle 　　14　　 and a slower heart rate．When some of the pressure is taken out of the body, the entire immune system will function much better．Relaxation decreases blood pressure and heart rate．That is important because a body that is 　　15　　 under pressure will eventually exhaust．

完形填空

　　“So teach him to close the door”, my daughter Emma responded after listening to me 　　1　　, again, about the dog coming in from the back door, bringing with him a blast of Buffalo January 　　2　　 air．

　　Teach a dog to close a door behind him?That has got to be a really, really 　　3　　 thing to do．But then she took it a step 　　4　　．“Come on Kolby”, she said, grabbing(抓住)some treats and 　　5　　 him in front of the open door．“Touch．”And“touch”he did, which moved the door to a 　　6　　 position．She 　　7　　 him with a treat, smiled, looked at me, and said“see!”And I saw and became 　　8　　．Over the last few days I have been consistent(一致的)with Kolby．Each time he comes in I 　　9　　 him back to the open door patiently and ask him to close．There have been 　　10　　 in the beginning, but lately more and more successes．

　　However, there remains much work to be done．I have to get him follow my hand signal again and again 　　11　　 he will close the door from a distance．But, I now realize, as long as you keep to the 　　12　　, the task will be completed, and, with the way things are progressing, 　　13　　 quickly．

　　What a 　　14　　 treat to have a dog that can close the door after himself!Even more wonder can be found in the 　　15　　 I learned so clearly from both Emma and Kolby．

　　A wish is just a wish until you decide to take 　　16　　．Once you 　　17　　 the belief that it is“too hard”, then it remains“too hard”and out of 　　18　　．Once you decide to accomplish a goal, and 　　19　　 that it is“easy”, then it becomes“easy”to do what needs to be done．Just 　　20　　 doing it．

完形填空

　　Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today．Salt may seem rather a 　　1　　 substance to use as money, but in countries 　　2　　 the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an absolute 　　3　　 Cakes of salt, stamped to show their 　　4　　, were used as money in some countries until recent 　　5　　, and cakes of salt 　　6　　 buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa．

　　Sea shells 　　7　　 as money at some time 　　8　　 another over the greater part of the Old World．These were 　　9　　 mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China．In Africa, shells were also 　　10　　 right across the continent from East to West．

　　Metal, valued by 　　11　　, preceded(先于……)coins in many parts of the world．Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries 　　12　　 paper money．It can either be exchanged 　　13　　 goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments．The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, 　　14　　 in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called“cash”．The 　　15　　 of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old－older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean．

　　Nowadays, coins and notes have 　　16　　 nearly all the more picturesque(画面)　　17　　 of money, and 　　18　　 in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for 　　19　　 use on ceremonial 　　20　　 such as weddings and funerals, examples of primitive money will soon be found only in museums．

完形填空

　　When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg 　　1　　 a few coins, do you hurry on, not 　　2　　 what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly 　　3　　 some money?What should our attitude 　　4　　 beggars be?There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories．It 　　5　　 be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from．It seems 　　6　　 not to give some money to beggars．

　　　　7　　, most of the world's great religions order us to be open-hearted and 　　8　　 what we have with those less lucky than ourselves．But has the world changed?Maybe what was morally right in the old days, 　　9　　 one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea．Quite a few people will not give to beggars．Let us look at their 　　10　　．

　　First, some believe that many city beggars dress up 　　11　　 to look pitiable and actually make a good 　　12　　 from begging．Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil．　　13　　, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs．Thirdly, there is the opinion 　　14　　 there is no real excuse for begging．One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one's sense of 　　15　　 and self-dependence．

　　Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be handled by the government 　　16　　 ordinary people．Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and 　　17　　 help．

　　It is hard to come to any final conclusion：there are various 　　18　　 and we must 　　19　　 them differently．A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the 　　20　　．