Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．

　　Every decision is made within a decision environment, which is defined as the collection of information, alternatives, values．Many decision makers have a(n)　　1　　 to seek more information than required to make a good decision．When too much information is sought and obtained, one or more of several 　　2　　 can arise．

　　*A 　　3　　 in the decision occurs because of the time required to obtain and process the extra information．

*　　4　　 overload will occur．In this state, so much information is available that decision-making ability actually 　　5　　 because the information in its entirety can no longer be managed or assessed 　　6　　．A major problem caused by information overload is 　　7　　．When too much information is taken into memory, especially in a short period of time, some of the information(often that received early on)will be pushed out．

　　*Selective use of the information will occur．　　8　　, the decision maker will choose from among all the information available only those facts which support a preconceived(预先构想的)solution or position．

　　*Mental fatigue occurs, which 　　9　　 slower work or poor quality work．

　　*　　10　　 fatigue occurs, where the decision maker tires of making decisions．Often the result is fast, careless decisions or no decisions are made at all．

　　The quantity of information that can be processed by the human mind is limited．Unless information is 　　11　　 selected, processing will be biased toward the first part of the information received．After that, the mind tires and begins to 　　12　　 subsequent information or forget earlier information．

　　A common 　　13　　 about decision making is that decisions are made in isolation from each other：you gather information, explore alternatives, and 　　14　　, without regard to anything that has gone before．The fact is, decisions are made in a context of other decisions．

　　We might say, then every decision 　　15　　 from previous decisions：enables many future decisions, and assists other future decisions．

For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．

　　Life is full of decisions．You may not realize the vast number of choices you face each day．Some choices are simple, like what to wear．But others are more 　　1　　：deciding which friend to go out with or whether to go out at all．Life’s most difficult decisions 　　2　　 choosing a university, a career and a husband or wife．

　　For some people, decision-making comes pretty easily．　　3　　 others, indecision is a serious problem that can stop them dead．

　　Think about the last time you went to a coffee shop．Ordering your coffee should have been a simple task, but it probably 　　4　　 at least four decisions．Your 　　5　　 today has more opportunities, more choices and more options than ever before! Thirty-one ice cream flavors, 30-screen movie theaters, 300 cable channels and 3,000 songs on an ipod all 　　6　　 one thing---a more complicated life．The more choices you have, the harder it is to decide．

　　Indecisiveness leads to negative 　　7　　．Hesitation in buying sale items results in paying more later．Indecision can 　　8　　 result in missed opportunities．Boss may notice 　　9　　 and give an important project to someone more eager．Family, friends and coworkers may get tired of waiting for your decisions．

　　Not making a decision means you allow 　　10　　 to be made for you---choices that you yourself might not like．Increased stress can result．

　　There are many reasons why people struggle with decisions．Some people fear others’ opinions, and they worry that someone may be 　　11　　 by their decision．Others fear the consequences of a wrong choice．This prevents them from making any choice at all．Still others 　　12　　 about finding the perfect choice．　　13　　 ,there’s no perfect choice．Every option has its pros and cons．

　　The good news is that with each decision you make, the 　　14　　 does get easier．And best of all…You’ll soon learn to trust yourself and your 　　15　　．

For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．

　　For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation．To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines：a never-ending flood of words．In 　　1　　 a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend quickly can mean the difference between success and failure．Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 　　2　　 readers．Most of us develop poor reading 　　3　　 at an early age, and never get over them．The main deficiency(缺陷)　　4　　 in the actual stuff of language itself-words．Taken individually, words have 　　5　　 meaning until they are strung together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs．　　6　　 however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words．He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 　　7　　 words or passages．Regression, the tendency to look back over 9 you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading．Another habit which 　　8　　 down the speed of reading is vocalization－sounding each word either orally or mentally as one reads．

　　To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 　　9　　, which moves a bar(or curtain)down the page at a predetermined speed．The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 　　10　　 the reader finds comfortable, in order to“stretch”him．The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 　　11　　 word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible．At first 　　12　　 is sacrificed for speed．But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 　　13　　 your comprehension will improve．Many people have found their reading skill greatly improved after some training．　　14　　 Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute．He is delighted that how he can 　　15　　 a lot more reading material in a short period of time．

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　　Mr.Glen is a millionaire．Five years ago, after returning from abroad to his motherland, he 　　1　　 up his small company．Speaking of success, Glen often tells us a story about his 　　2　　 expensive“school”fee．He always owes his success to it．

　　At that time, Glen, who already got a Ph．D．degree, decided to return to the homeland, starting a company．Before 　　3　　, he bought a Rolex watch with the 　　4　　 made through years of work after school and the scholarships．At the airport he had to accept the routine customs check．The watch on his wrist was also demanded to be 　　5　　 down for inspection．Glen knew that carrying the 　　6　　 goods out had to pay the tax．And he worried about paying 　　7　　 for his watch．So when he was checked, he told a lie that his watch was a worthless 　　8　　．When he was 　　9　　 of his“smarts”, immediately, 　　10　　 the presence of Glen, the officers hit the watch, which 　　11　　 nearly 100,000, into pieces on hearing Glen's words．Glen was amazed, 　　12　　 he understood why, he was taken to the office to be 　　13　　 strictly．For many times of entry-exit 　　14　　 he knew that only those people in the“blacklist”would“enjoy”this special treatment．The officers looked out every thing carefully in the box, and warned him no matter 　　15　　 time of entry and exit he must accept the check and if 　　16　　 reusing and carrying fake and shoddy(劣质的)goods, he would be charged according to law!Suddenly, his face turned red, and he had nothing in mind after 　　17　　 the plane for long．

　　After returning to the homeland, he often told the story to his family, and his employees, too．He said that this made a deep 　　18　　 on him, because the additional high“school”fee that he had ever paid made him realize the value of 　　19　　, which he would 　　20　　 as the secret of his success forever．

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They say that first impressions are very important．My first impression of Mrs Li was 　　1　　 she was nervous and 　　2　　．I think perhaps she was, 　　3　　 it was her first lesson 　　4　　 us．But now, after 　　5　　, the class really likes 　　6　　 with her．She is kind and 　　7　　, and she 　　8　　 English so 　　9　　 that 　　10　　 I can understand it!－She avoids 　　11　　 you feel stupid．I've always hated making mistakes or 　　12　　 a word incorrectly when I speak English, but Mrs Li just smiles, 　　13　　 you don't feel completely stupid!I think maybe she goes 　　14　　 too slowly for the faster students, but for me it's wonderful!I feel I'm going to make progress 　　15　　 her．

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　　My husband and I are both musicians．I took it 　　1　　 granted that one day our daughter Holly would learn to play an instrument．

　　In 2000 Holly fell 　　2　　 and the doctor said she may have been left 　　3　　 deaf．“She won't be able to hear music in any shape or form,”said the doctor．It was a great 　　4　　．

　　In 2001, her right ear was fitted with a cochlear implant－electronic equipment that provides a sense of 　　5　　 for people who are completely deaf．Seven years later, another was fitted in her 　　6　　 ear．The doctors played us a model of what music would sound like to Holly－I was horrified 　　7　　 it was just white noise．

　　“Holly will hear music,”I 　　8　　 saying to myself．I tried to put what had gone wrong right, so we constantly 　　9　　 words and sounds to her．She has been having lessons since she was seven．she's 　　10　　 all the time．I'm always surprised by just how much better she does．

　　When she 　　11　　 a national piano competition, the adjudicator 　　12　　 Holly for appearing to listen to the sounds she was making－her whole body, he said to us, was 　　13　　 in the process of making music．

　　I 　　14　　 that the model we originally heard of how music sounds with a cochlear implant isn't 　　15　　 holly hears it．The brain is complex and adapts to many 　　16　　; in some way, Holly has made 　　17　　 of it all．She loves life．She doesn't think about what happened to her and says 　　18　　,“I don't want to talk about bad things．Let's talk about good things．”

　　I was determined that her life would not be 　　19　　 by a miserable event, but never imagined that she could 　　20　　 what she has．I can only describe this as a miracle．

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　　As a music teacher, I have always known that music touches the soul．It can 　　1　　 all kinds of barriers to reach students in a very special way．It can be the 　　2　　 for each child to find their light．I would like to 　　3　　 a story about it．

　　For a few years 1 was 　　4　　 with the opportunity to teach disabled students．One of my most 　　5　　 students was a five-year-old girl called Vanessa, who had difficulty walking, and could not speak．We 　　6　　 sat on the floor for our music lessons and Vanessa liked to 　　7　　 on my lap(膝上)．One of her favorite songs was John the Rabbit．”It was a call and response song where I sang the call and the students 　　8　　 twice while singing the repeating phrase,“Oh, yes!”Vanessa liked to 　　9　　 her hands together with mine and clap with me．We probably performed that song during every class, Vanessa and I clapping together．But she 　　10　　 said or sang a word．

　　One day, when the song was finished, Vanessa turned around,　　11　　 me in the eye, clapped her tiny hands twice and said the words“Oh, yes!”I opened my mouth in 　　12　　 and for that moment 1 was the one who could not speak．When my heart 　　13　　 started beating again, I looked over at the assistant teacher to find her also 　　14　　．Through music, we had made an awesome connection．

　　Several years later, I met Vanessa on the street in town．She waved with a big 　　15　　 on her face and then clapped her hands twice, imitating the song we had 　　16　　 so many times in our music class．The little girl, 　　17　　 her connection with music, left an impression on me that will last forever．Every child has the 　　18　　 to learn and grow．It is up to us to 　　19　　 the way to reach each and every one of our students．We all must find each child's 　　20　　．

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　　While attending a conference, I returned to my hotel room late one rainy evening．The overhead light outside my door was 　　1　　 and I had difficulty finding the keyhole．When I finally 　　2　　 to open the door, I 　　3　　 around the wall for a light switch．I found a 　　4　　 where a switch was once installed…but no switch．

　　No discouraged easily, I remembered seeing a 　　5　　 by the bed when I put away my luggage 　　6　　 in the day．I found the bed in the dark and felt around until I found the lamp, but when I switched it on, 　　7　　 happened!Now what?

　　Though I knew that it was dark outside my window 　　8　　 the outdoor light was burned out, I thought that 　　9　　 if I opened the curtains I might be able to use the light from the 　　10　　 to find another lamp．So I 　　11　　 my way slowly across the room to the curtains and…no draw-string!

　　I finally stumbled(跌跌撞撞)around until I found a desk lamp that actually 　　12　　!That evening I discovered in a whole new way just how dark the world can be and how necessary 　　13　　 is．

　　But even more necessary than 　　14　　 light is the light that shines from people－the light of love, sympathy and 　　15　　．Because, for many people, the world is a dark and 　　16　　 place．

　　It is the shining that is important, for someone today just may be stumbling in discouragement or fear and in 　　17　　 of some light．

　　So let your light shine．Whatever ligh you 　　18　　 may be a beacon(灯塔)of hope and encouragement in someone's darkness．And if you feel that your light is 　　19　　 a candle in a forest, remember this－there isn't enough darkness in the world to 　　20　　 the light of one small candle．

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　　Several times on my way to work, I passed a gentleman who I supposed homeless．He had a lot of his possessions 　　1　　 down to his bike and held a cardboard sign that said he was a 　　2　　 who doesn't drink or do drugs, but would 　　3　　 anything that could be given．He usually has 　　4　　 on and is listening to the radio．He is always 　　5　　 his own business, often reading 　　6　　．I've never seen him 　　7　　“begging”．

　　Several times, while I was 　　8　　 him, I realized I had some food with me, so I turned 　　9　　 and offered him that food．He took off his headphones, and said,“Umm, blueberry muffins are my 　　10　　!”with a big smile and a gleam in his 　　11　　．He thanked me so 　　12　　．

　　The graciousness(有礼貌)and humbleness(谦逊)of his 　　13　　 makes me want to continue to stop by with“　　14　　”of food, money or other gifts．In the past, I've met 　　15　　 folks who 　　16　　 the food I was offering, saying that they wanted only money instead．

　　So this wonderful gentleman being so open to receiving has been a 　　17　　．

　　It also makes me think how 　　18　　 I am to receiving in my life－am I humble and grateful when I am 　　19　　 with something?Sometimes yes, sometimes no, but 　　20　　 as gracious, humble and sincere as this wonderful man has been in receiving．

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　　I was 9 years old when I found out my father was 　　1　　．It was 1994, but I can remember my mother's words as if it 　　2　　 yesterday：“Kerrel, I don't want you to take food 　　3　　 your father, because he has AIDS．Be very careful when you are around him．”

　　AIDS wasn't 　　4　　 we talked about in my country when I was growing up．From then on, I knew that this would be a family 　　5　　．My parents were not together anymore, and my dad lived alone．For a while, he could take care of himself．But when I was 12, his condition worsened．My father's 　　6　　 children lived far away, so it 　　7　　 to me to look after him．We couldn't afford all the necessary medication for him, and 　　8　　 Dad was unable to work, I had no money for school supplies and often couldn't 　　9　　 buy food for dinner．I would sit 　　10　　 feeling completely 　　11　　, the teacher's words muffled as I tried to figure out 　　12　　 I was going to manage．

　　I didn't share my burden with anyone．I had seen how people reacted to AIDS．Kids 　　13　　 classmates who had parents with the disease．And even adults could be cruel．When my father was moved to the hospital, the nurses would leave his food on the bedside table even though he was 　　14　　 weak to feed himself．I had known that he was going to die, 　　15　　 after so many years of keeping his condition a secret, I was completely unprepared when he reached his final days．Sad and 　　16　　, I 　　17　　 a woman at the non-profit National AIDS Support．That day, she 　　18　　 me on the phone for hours．I was so lucky to find someone who cared．She saved my life．

　　I was 15 when my father died．He took his secret away with him, having never spoken about AIDS to anyone, even me．He didn't want to call attention to 　　19　　．I 　　20　　．