根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

A．Rather Public speaking and critical thinking

What is critical thinking? to a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic(逻辑)－of being able to spot weaknesses in other people ‘s argument and to avoid them in your own, it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence．

In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking –the ability to see clearly

their lationships among ideas．　　1　　 the greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas．that, too, is critical thinking．

　　2　　 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches．While this may seem like a purely mechanical(机械的)exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking．If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking．If the stucture of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also discovered and confused．If, on the other hand, the stucture is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too．Organizing a speech is not a matter of arraging the ideas your already have．　　3　　

What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking．　　4　　 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will Improve your ability to think clearly and accutately．　　5　　 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class．You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations．

If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances．This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece．

A．it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves．

B．This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it．

C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech．

D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas．

E．If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot．

F．The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways．

G．As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well．

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　When we wrong someone we know, even not intentionally, we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation．But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are different．The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution．It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record．Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid．So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness．A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony－while an apology that is too little, too late, or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin．What, then, is to be done? How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?

　　The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent．During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture－apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before．More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies．More articles, cartoons, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies．

　　Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target．They are expected to appear strong and capable．And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger．Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often or lightly．For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason．Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so．

　　Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional．Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky．Leaders may also be afraid that admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible．There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk strategy．

根据短文内容，从下框A～F选项中选出能概括每段主题的最佳选项选项中有一项为多余项．

1．As awareness of the cenefits of humour increases, most of us want to get all the langhs we can．It seems that almost every day there is another new discovery about the power of humour to help us physically, mentally, cmotionally, and sp[iritually．Every system of the body responds to langhter in some important or positive way．

2．Many pcople mistakenly believe that we are born with a sense of humour．They think that when it comes to a sense of humour．“either you have got it or you don't．” This is

false! What is true, however, is that the ability to laugh and smile is actually something we are born with．For example, we laugh when we are tickled under the arm, even without thinking about how to react．

3．The parts of the brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth in human infants, but that is not the same thing as having a sense of humour．(After all, when a baby laughs in his small bed we don’t rush over and say, “That kid has a great sense of humour!”)Your sense of humour is something you can develop over a lifetime．Don’t be nervous before others and try to laugh at yourself-then you will make them laugh too．

4．Humour includes a lot more than laughing and joke telling．Many people worry needlessly that they do not have a good sense of humour because they are not good joke tellers．More than jokes, a sense of humour requires being willing and able to see the funny side of life’s situations as they happen．In fact, one of the best definitions(定义)of a sense of humour is “the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation．”

5．There may be a thousand different ways to express your sense of humour, but joke telling is only one of those ways．As more is discovered about how humour benefits our life, more people will be able to see and enjoy the humour when they are in a difficult situation．Life depends on air, food and water, but it is made easier to live with a good sense of humour．

根据对话情景和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两个为多余选项．

Tom：Hi, Cathy．　　1　　

Cathy：I have to finish my project on the history of the Internet．What about you?

Tom：　　2　　 If it’s fine, we’ll go camping．Would you like to join us?

Cathy：I’d like to, but the deadline for my project is next Monday．

Tom：What a pity! 　　3　　

Cathy：Yes, please．Can you suggest any good reference books?

Tom：You may want to read Origins of the Internet and The Digital Future．

Cathy：I’m reading the two books．　　4　　

Tom：Go to the Science Museum website, and you’ll find lots of up-to-date information．

Cathy：Good idea．Thanks for your help．

Tom：　　5　　

A．Never mind．

B．Don’t mention it．

C．Any other suggestions?

D．Will you come next time?

E．it depends on the weather

F．Anything I can do for you

G．What are you up to this weekeed?