阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy cars, a study has shown．The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences．

　　Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants aged nine months to 36 months．The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys．Some were stereotypically boys' toys-a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy．The rest were girls’ toys：a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set．They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked．Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded．

　　Of the youngest children(nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did．Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it．The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched．There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children's choice．

　　Dr Brenda Todd said：“Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization．Boys may be given 'toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference．But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys．There could be a biological basis for their choices．Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts(本能), while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the color of a newborn baby．”

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　For centuries, the body's blood has been linked closely with the emotions．People who show no human emotions or feelings, are said to be cold-blooded killer．For example, the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer．He seems to kill for no reason, and no emotion, as if taking someone's life as nothing．

　　Cold can affect other parts of the body．The expression "get cold feet" has nothing to do with cold or your feet．The expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to do．For example, you agree to be president of an organization．But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned, and all the work of the organizations will be your responsibility．You are likely to get cold feet about being president when you understand the situation．

　　The expression "give someone the cold shoulder" probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face to face．You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you．Or, to someone who has lied about you to others．

　　A cold fish is not a fish．It is a person．But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth．A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone．Someone who is a cold fish could be cold-hearted．Now a cold-hearted person is someone who has no sympathy．Several popular songs in recent years were about cold-hearted men or cold-hearted women who, without feelings, broke the hearts of their lovers．

　　"Out in the cold" means not getting something that everybody else got．A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise——he was left out in the cold．And it is not a pleasant place to be．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　The area of child psychology is one of the most significant and well studied of all the branches of psychology．It aims to help with achieving a greater understanding of the behavior of children through an understanding of their minds．It deals with children who range from the prenatal(出生前的)stage right up to the stage of adolescence．

　　The psychologist Jean Piaget(1896-1980)has been credited with making a major breakthrough in this area when he put forward his idea that children were not actually less intelligent than adults, rather they just thought in a different way．Preciously the development of children right from birth through to adulthood was an area that was almost completely neglected．In fact very little work was done in this area．However, interest in this field has now developed to the point of being one of the most debated of all the areas of psychology．

　　Despite popular belief that factors such as genetics or personal characteristics are the only determining factors that influence a youth's behavior, this is not in fact the case．In reality, development actually includes many more factors than those contained within an individual．Factors such as environment, which can include social relationships and the surrounding culture, also play important roles．Relationships with both peers and adults will no doubt affect how children think and learn, and therefore develop．These relationships can include those that are found not only within families but also in schools and peer groups．

　　Culturally speaking, this factor will contribute greatly to how children develop their personality concerning the values they end up holding(perhaps for a lifetime)as well as how they view such things as traditions and customs．

　　Nowadays, psychologists have agreed that a child's psychology is both unique and highly complex．However, there are debates on many different points in this field and many viewpoints exist．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　What does it take to work with seals or sea lions? Find out with Atlantis Marine World's Trainer Program and go behind the scenes with our Marine Mammal staff and：

　　﹒Learn how we train our animals and help train our sea lions to learn how to paint

　　﹒Go into the seal exhibit with trainers

　　﹒Join in a seal training period-and get to pet and feed one of our harbor seals

　　﹒Help prepare food for seals

　　﹒Attend our Sea Lion Show

　　﹒Get a kiss from sea lion, Java-and take home a photo

　　Summer Adventure Days-Camp! Atlantis Style!

　　Our camp program adds interactive excitement to your child's summer vacation．Children ages 3 to 14 discover the wonders of the sea environment through age – appropriate activities．

　　Pirate Snorkel Adventure

　　Yo-ho-ho, this is a whole lot of fun! Join us this summer for our interactive Pirate Snorkel Adventure and help Captain Poseidon locate missing treasure．While searching our lake, don't miss tropical fish from all around the world．When you’re done, you'll walk away with some booty(战利品)of your own-a ＄2.00 game card and a pirate eye patch(海盗眼罩)featuring our very own Jolly Poseidon!

　　Smooth Sailing：Taste Long Island Wine Cruise Now Accepting Reservations!

　　Experience the magic of Taste Long Island, a Saturday evening wine and cheese cruise aboard the Atlantis Explorer Tour Boat．Featuring local wines, this adventure along the Peconic River is a relaxing way to enjoy both beautiful scenery and fine wines．Guests 21 and older only．Members and Green Key Cardholders enjoy 25％ off．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　In the United States you will find yourself being urged from every page of every newspaper and every television station to buy all kinds of goods．

　　Not only is there a wide range of prices for goods in America, there is also a wide range in the quality of goods offered for sale．Unlike some countries．

　　Americans generally pay the price of a product without question, instead of trying to get a lower price by bargaining．However, there are many “sales” in the United States, during which time stores will lower their normal prices．This may all be very confusing to visitors．How are you going to know how to “get your money's worth” when you shop? Perhaps the best advice is：Don't hurry．Visit various stores and determine the quality of goods．Read the advertisements so that you can compare prices．

　　There is a great variety of shops in the United States, ranging from very large stores called “department stores” to very small shops．There are “discount houses” offering goods at low prices, and “dime stores” specializing in a wide range of inexpensive items．

　　Most department stores in large cities carry better quality products at higher prices．However, they offer the shoppers great convenience since they contain such a wide variety of products．

　　If convenience isn't as important to you as price, you may want to shop in discount houses．These stores have nearly as great a variety of goods as department stores, but offer lower prices．They can do so for several reasons．They don't offer the same services to buyers that department stores do; there may be fewer sales people; and the store probably doesn't deliver purchases．

　　Another popular shop is the “dime store”．No longer selling many things for five or ten cents, these stores got their name in the last century when it was decided that a small profit on a great quantity of goods would be better than a large profit on fewer sales．Dime stores specialize in a wide variety of inexpensive items and today, prices range from a quarter or 50 cents up to several dollars．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Anthony was sad．He was, as he put it, “not very bright” and couldn't win the attention of his very wealthy parents, who preferred his “clever” older brother．At age 8, Anthony was sent away to a boarding school in his native England, even though he screamed and pleaded with(恳求)his parents year after year not to send

　　him．“The thought was, it would be good for me, ” he recalled．

　　It was not．Anthony did badly in his studies, had few friends and was bullied for five years．“My teachers couldn't have had a lower opinion of me, ” he said．“I wasn't even smart enough to rebel．The one thing I remember from the very earliest age was the desire to write．When I was 10 years old, I remember asking my parents to get me a typewriter for my birthday because I wanted to be a writer．”

　　Now, at 55, Anthony is one of the world's most successful children's book authors．His Alex Rider series has sold more than 5 million copies, and the eighth book featuring the young spy, Crocodile Tears, has come out．

　　The Alex Rider books tell the adventures of 14-year-old Alex Rider, an agent for the British intelligence agency M16．

　　Anthony says he doesn't try to write for kids; it just comes out that way．“ I have a feeling that it has something to do with purity and simplicity．I give as little information as is necessary to describe the room, the character in the room, and get on with the action, ” he said．

　　The style has also made Anthony a successful writer of television shows for adults in Britain because, he says, writing books for kids is a lot like writing television for grown-ups：In both cases, it's all about entertaining people with a good story．

　　Now, Anthony couldn't be happier with his life．He sums up his success：“…you can be anything you want to be if you just believe in yourself．I do believe it completely．”

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　　When I entered college in the early 1980s, I had my heart set on being a first-grade teacher．I did all of my observations in others’ first-grade classroom．I interviewed for my first job in a first-grade classroom．At last the district offered me a job-as a fifth-grade teacher in an inner-city building, considered at the time to be one of our district's most difficult tasks．It wasn't the first-grade classroom after I had hoped for, but it was my classroom after I had made such great efforts!

　　I managed to deal with everything in first year successfully, while working to form relationships with my students was no easy thing, especially with Alexader．He had learning disabilities in both math and reading．The other children were sometimes unfriendly to him．He was a difficult child to get to open up, but I was determined to make efforts．

　　You can imagine my delight when finally, in late spring, Alexander raised his hand during the math class discussion for the first time ever．Thrilled, I immediately called him．

　　Well, you can imagine my surprise when he suddenly told a story about his grandma, who had a hole in her head．You see, we were studying fraction(分数)that day, and I had just explained that a fraction is “a part of a whole”．Alexander obviously didn't realize the difference between “whole” and “hole”．“Homophones(同音词)’’I told myself, “had better be tomorrow's English lesson．”

　　Acknowledging(承认)Alexander that day was exactly what he needed from me．We had suddenly developed a special relationship．Alexander felt such a connection to me after that, that he even went one step further．

　　I arrived at the school the following morning and was surprised to find Alexander and his grandma waiting for me．Grandma began by saying, “Alexander said he told you that I had a hole in my head．”I smiled nervously and said, “Don't worry．You know kids! They have great imaginations”Grandma replied, “You didn't believe him, did you? ”“No, of course not, ”I said．Well, just at that time, Grandma proudly showed the hole in her head．

　　I will never forget that day, and the lesson that I learned from being Alexander's teacher．

　　If a child ever again tells me about a family member with a hole in his or her head, I will believe him or her!

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　　Do you know how to prepare for and survive a major earthquake? According to Department of Conservation scientists, it is important to have the right answer to that question．

　　How to Be Prepared

　　Electricity, water, gas and telephones may not be working after an earthquake．The police and fire departments are likely to be tied up．You should be prepared to tend for yourself for at least three days, preferably for a week．You'll need food, water and so on．It's also a good idea to decide ahead of time how and where your family will reunite if separated during a quake．You might choose an out-of-the-area friend or relative that family members can call to check on you．

　　If you’re indoors, stay there．Get under a desk or table．The kitchen is a particularly dangerous spot．If you’re in an office building, stay away from windows and outside walls and do not use the elevator．If you’re outside, get into the open．Stay clear of buildings, power lines or anything else that could fall on you．If you’re driving, move the car out of traffic and stop．Avoid parking under or on bridges or overpasses．

　　After an Earthquake

　　Check for fire．If you smell gas, shut off the main gas valve(阀)．If there's sign of damage to electrical wiring, shut off the power at the control box．If the phone is working, only use it in case of emergency．Avoid driving if possible to keep the streets clear for emergency vehicles．Be careful that things may fall out of cupboards when the door is opened, and also that chimneys can be weakened and fall with just a touch．Listen to the radio for important information and instructions．Remember that aftershocks, sometimes large enough to cause damage in their own right, generally follow large quakes．If you leave home, leave a message telling your friends and family your location．

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　　When couples get married, they usually plan to have children．Sometimes, however, a couple can not have a child of their own．In this case, they may decide to adopt a child．In fact, adoption is very common today．There are about 60 thousand adoptions each year in the United States alone．Some people prefer to adopt infants, others adopt older children, some couples adopt children from their own countries, and others adopt children from foreign countries．In any case, they all adopt children for the same reason-they care about children and want to give their adopted child a happy life．

　　Most adopted children know that they are adopted．Psychologists and child-care experts generally think this is a good idea．However, many adopted children or adoptees have very little information about their biological parents．As a matter of fact, it is often very difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents because the birth records of most adoptees are usually sealed．The information is secret so no one can see it．Naturally, adopted children have different feelings about their birth parents．Many adoptees want to search for them, but others do not．The decision to search for birth parents is a difficult one to make．Most adoptees have mixed feelings about finding their biological parents．Even though adoptees do not know about their natural parents, they do know that their adopted parents want them, love them and will care for them．

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