Few tsws are so effective that you can see fesults just days after they take effect．But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled－to＄1.1 per pack－smokers have jammed telephone”puit lines”aeross the country seeking to kick the habit．

　　This is not a surprise to public health advocates．They’ve studied the offoct of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teong, are price sensitive, Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercdly fights every tax inortse．

　　The only wonder is thst so many states insist on closing their ears to the message．Tobacco taxes omprove public health, health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted．Yet the rate of taxation varies widely．

　　In Manhattan, for instance．Which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cos???at one drugstore Wednesdav．Charleston, S．C．where the bent-n-pack tax is the lowest in the nation．The price was＄4.78．

　　The influence is obvious．

　　In New York, hogh school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys－13.8％, far below the mational average．By comparison, 26％ of high school students smlke in Kentucky, Other low-tax states have somolarly depressing teen-smoking records．

　　Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans”who choose to smoke．”

　　That’s true, But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place, As for today’s adults, if the new tax drves them to quit, tyey will have more to spend on their famliles, cut their risk of camcer and heart disease and feel better．

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　　“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight．”

　　“Two full inches in the first three days!”

　　These are the kinds of statenents used in nagazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promiaing ncw shnpes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the deuece．The promoters of prodrcts say they can shape the ligs, slin the face, xmooth wrinkles, or in some other way to bemity o?anrability．

　　Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promotera．The re they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health．

　　To umderstared how these produots can be lihtliy promoted to the public, it is nece?Understand somcthing of the laws coveing their regrlation．If the product is a dnig, FDA(Food Drug Administration)can require proof(证明)under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act the safe and effective before before it is put on the market．But if the product is a device, FDA has no aut to repuire premarketing proof of safety or effectieness．If a product alrendy on the marker danger to health, FDA can repuest the producer or distnbutor to remove it from the a voluntarily, or it can take legal action, including scizure(查封)of the product．

　　One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, had been sold for reducing the waistline．The Relaxacisor produced electriecal shocks to the through contact pads．FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the dev the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life．

　　Olwionsly, most of the deveces on the?have never becn the xubject of courf proce(法律诉讼), and new denices appear continrally, Before buying, it is up to the consumer to the safety or effcctiveness of such items．

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　　A year ago August, Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan．His wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria, but work for Dave was scarce, and the price of everying was rising．The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years．Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift－＄7，000，a legacy(遗产)form their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in an accident．“It really made a difference when we were going under financially．”says Dave．

　　But the Fusses weren’t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches．Doxens of other families were touched by the Hstches generosity．In some cases, it was a few thiousand dollars ; in other, it was more than＄100,000．

　　It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than＄3 million－they were am elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm．

　　Children of the Great Depression, Ish and Arlene were known for their haibit of saving, They thnved own(喜欢)comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store, checking prices before making a new purchase．

　　Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldn’t afford it．“Ist and Arlene never asked you needed anything,”says their friend Sand Van Weehten,“They could see thira bey could do go make you happier, and they would do them．

　　Even more extaordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed．It was the Hatches'wish that their legacy－a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cent－should enrivh the whole community(社区)and Ish and Arlene Hatch’s story．

　　Neighbors helping neighbors－that was Ish and Arlene Hatch’s story．

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　　Sunday, October 5

　　Clear, 69°F

　　My wife, Eleanor, and I took the train from Paris to Strasbourg, where we were met by our driver and guide, and the minibus which goes along with the boat．We stopped off in Barn for an hour on the way．Then we were taken to Nancy where the boat was kept．

　　After the other passengers arrived, we had our first dinner on the boat．After dinner we walked into downtown Nancy, a village with a large square and wooden houses．

　　Monday, October 6

Rained last night, cloudy in the morning, 69°F

　　We spent about two hours in Nancy, then sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine．Kind of a lazy day, eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner．After dinner we watched a tape on Baccarat, where we will visit tomorrow．

　　It was pleasant to sit out on deck(甲板)and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph．

　　Tuesday, October ．7

　　Light rain, 64°P

　　This morning we drove over to Baccarat and toured its museum and the church, which has this unbelievable lamp that is going on a world tour the next day．We did lots of shopping, then walked across the bridge to see a very, very modem Catholic church with special Baccarat windows．

　　We drove to the top of the Voges Mountains and started down the eastern side．Later we~drove to Sorrenbourg to see the 13th century church at the Cordeliers．It contains the largest window by Marc Chagall - 24 feet wide by 40 feet high．

　　Wednesday, October 8

　　Cloudy, 65°F

　　Today we sailed from Schneckenhush to Saverne．We went through, two caves, an．Extremely unusual pave of the journey．This river scenery is very different．We were in a mountain valley with grassland on one side and a forest beginning to show some color on the other．

　　Thursday, October 9

　　Cloudy, 66°F

　　Our dependable minibus was waiting to load the luggage and take us to the hotel where everyone went their separate ways, Our boating days are over until next time．

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　　It’s not easy being a teenager(13至19岁青少年)-nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager．You can make your child feel angry, hurt or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself．It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you’11 still be there for him when he needs you．

　　Expect a lot from your child, just not everything．Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion．If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind．The more you insist, the more likely that he’11 clam up．Instead, let him attempt to solve(解决)things by himself．At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help．Show

respect for your teenager’s privacy(隐私)．Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations．

　　Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family．If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for l5 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least all equal period of time．This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation(节制)．Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job．

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　　We have met the enemy, and he is ours．We bought him at a pet shop．When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest, it's hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings．“Most of the infections(感染)we think of as human infections staned in other animals,”says Stephen Morse, director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University．

　　It’s not just that we’re going to where the animals are；we’re also bringing them closer to us．Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country．A strange illness killed

Isaksen’s pets, and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea．“I don’t think it’s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them,”says Isaksen．

　　‘‘Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing,“says Peter Schantz．Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call．Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners．We know very little about these new diseases．A new bug(病毒)may be kind at first．But it may develop into something harmful,(有害的)．Monkey-pox doesn’t look a major infectious disease．But it is not．impossible to pass the disease from person to person．

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　　Computer programmer David Jones earns￡35,000 a year designing new computer games, yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card(信用卡)．Instead, he has been told to wait another two years until he is 18．The 16-year-old works for a small firm in Liverpool, where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job．David’s firm releases(推出)two new games for the fast growing computer market each month．

　　But David’s biggest headache is what to do with his money．Even though he earns a lot, he cannot drive a car, take out a mortgage(抵押贷款), or get credit cards．David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago, a year after leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop．“I got the job because the people who run the firm knew

I had already written some programs,”he said．David spends some of his money on records and clothes, and gives his mother 50 pounds a week．But most of his spare time is spent working．

　　“Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school,”he said．“But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time．I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school．Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway．”David added：“l would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement(退休)is a possibility．You never know when the market might disappear．”

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　　I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened．Looking down, I immediately recognized that something was wrong, and ran down to the edge of the near bank．There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old calf struggling in the fast-rising water, and it was a life-and-death struggle．Her calf was floating and screaming with fear．Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get, holding her whole body against the rushing water, and keeping the calf pressed against her huge body．Every now and then the rushing water would sweep the calf away．There was a sudden rise in the water and the calf was washed clean over the mother's body and was gone．Ma Shwe turned quickly to reach it and pressed the calf with her head and trunk(象鼻)against the rocky bank．Then with a huge effort, she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rock．

　　Just at this moment, she felt back into the river．If she were carried down, it would be certain death．I knew, as well as she did, that there was one spot(地点)where she could get up the bank, but it was on the other side from where she had put her calf．While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mother’s love．Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring(吼叫)all the time, but to her calf it was music．

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　　It's not easy being a teenager-nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager．You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself．It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while making him realize that you'll still be there for him when he needs you．

　　Expect a lot from your child, just not everything．Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion．If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don't insist he tell you what's on his mind．The more you insist, the more likely that he'll clam up．Instead, let him attempt to solve(解决)things by himself．Show respect for your teenager's privacy(隐私)．Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations．

　　Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family．If your child talks on the family's telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time．This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation(节制)．Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job．

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　　We have met the enemy, and he is ours．We bought him at a pet shop．When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest, it's hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings．“Most of the infections(感染)we think of as human infections started in other animals．”says Stephen Morse, director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University．

　　It's not just that we're going to where the animals are; we're also bringing them closer to us．Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country．A strange illness killed Isaksen's pets, and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea．“I don't think it's fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them,”says Isaksen．

　　“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing,”says Peter Schantz．Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call．Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners．We know very little about these new diseases．A new bug(病毒)may be kind at first．But some strains(变异体)may become harmful．Monkey-pox doesn't look a major infectious disease．But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person．

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