The decision to enter F1 and compete at the highest level of motorsport was an intended move by Toyota， the world’s third largest auto manufacturer，to further challenge its own capabilities．By going head－to－head with the industry’s top performers on the world’s premier racing stage，the Japanese giant was setting itself a huge task．A sport with an enormous international following， the risks of entering the F1 arena are high—but there are rich rewards for those who succeed．Besides being a showcase for state－of－the－art technology， the intense competition in this most demanding of racing disciplines leaves no room for self－satisfaction．More importantly， it fosters(培养)the kind of forward－thinking team spirit that Toyota is seeking．

　　While F1 benefited greatly from the added prestige of having such a distinguished newcomer among its competitors，the demands placed on Panasonic Toyota Racing last year revealed the shortcomings of not having enough experience as a team．Mistakes were made and valuable lessons were learned，among which was the fundamental truth： “To stand still in F1 is to go backwards．”

　　With the past in mind，preparations for the 2003 season included sweeping changes on both the technical and personnel(人事的)sides．The management at Toyota Motorsport GmbH was restructured， with John Howett moving from Toyota Motor Marketing Europe to become President，thus enabling the company founder， Ove Andersson，more time to concentrate on the operation of the race team at the track．Andersson’s value as an inspirational leader was one of the team’s biggest assets(财富)in 2002．

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　　The words “timetable” and “schedule” make most final year students want to eat their own vomit(呕吐物)．Unfortunately， the harsh reality is that final year students must develop a timetable．If you don’t have a schedule or plan for studying，you will have no way of allocating your valuable time when the unexpected arises．A well－thought－out timetable can be a lifesaver．It is up to you to learn how to develop a schedule that meets your needs．Change it if necessary，but most important，follow it．All timetables should be made with the idea that they can be changed．A good one will keep you from wandering off course．

　　A good timetable should make every hour count—every class，social event and other activity you engage in．You must focus on the other “free time” available and how you will use it．Make a weekly schedule and divided each day into one－hour increments．Indicate times for classes，socializing，and work time．Also block off a period for sleeping every day．In the precious hours left over，plan time for study．This gives you a rough road map of the time available．Of course，you can change your schedule as circumstances need．

　　The timetable you develop should guide you in how to distribute the available time in the most productive manner．Sticking to your schedule can be tough，but don’t dribble away valuable time．Avoiding study is the easiest thing in the world．It is up to you to follow the schedule you’ve prepared．A good deal of your success in high school and with any future study depends on this simple truth．

　　Remember，there is a learning curve．You learn the most in the first 30 minutes of study； after that，it progressively deteriorates(减弱)．After four or five hours of studying the same material in the same way， you are learning virtually nothing．The solution is to keep switching subjects and study styles．

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　　You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving．If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs，then it’s likely you will burn out，or feel upset．When you take and take without giving anything back，you never feel fulfilled， so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life．

　　The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values．I break values up into two groups which I call being and having values．Your being values are the character traits of the ideal person you would like to be．I suggest to my clients that they choose three being values that they are willing to make a commitment to live by．An example of some being values are： kind，loving，generous，inspirational，peaceful，wise and even powerful. By acting on these values you give to others through your actions and you inspire others by being a positive role model. Mastering being these character traits becomes your life purpose.

　　Your having values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy．These could be companionship，achievement，support， being valued or financial security．This is what you receive．You take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life．

　　When you make a commitment to live by your being values，it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary ones．If your usual pattern is to talk about your problems，you could choose to think and act like a calm person．A calm person might go for a walk，meditate(沉思)， or set a time limit before responding．If your usual pattern is to worry， you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person．In other words， you would act like the person you choose to be—this is the key to personal power．

　　When you choose to act on your values， you not only feel good about yourself， you reinforce(加强)your chosen beliefs．Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world， and in turn the way other people think of you．

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　　My grandfather grew up in war－torn Europe．When German soldiers occupied his hometown，the thriving city of Tarow，Poland， he refused to obey them and eventually joined the Soviet army to fight for his country’s freedom．“Stand straight，stand tall，” he told himself．

　　After the war，in 1947，he boarded a boat for Manhattan．He was hungry and suffering from seasickness．All alone in a new country，he was frightened about his future．Still，he marched head－on into the hustle and bustle of the streets of New York．Soon he met other European immigrants，each of them trying to find his or her own way．If they could do it，why couldn’t he? “Stand straight，stand tall，” he would remind himself．

　　Thanks to the help of a loyal and trusting friend， my grandfather gained a jewelry booth on Canal Street，New York City．He once told me how nervous he was on that first day of work．He was not only trying to learn this tough new business，but also a new language．

　　To his surprise，the men in neighboring booths—who could have taken advantage of him—offered their help and advice．Within months，my grandfather was commanding his spot behind the counter， selling diamonds and cultured pearls as if he’d been doing it his whole life．

　　Stand straight and stand tall．

　　In later years， my grandfather would take both my mother and her sister down the aisle at their weddings．As he stood with each of them， he thought about their new beginnings， and of the adventures and journeys they would experience together．He also thought about the children who would one day carry on his family name．

　　I am so proud to be one of those children．Listening to my grandfather’s remarkable experiences has changed the way I view my own life．

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　　No one can fail to stand in awed(令人敬畏的)admiration of the great discoveries of history － － － Newton’s laws of motion, Kepler’ s principles of planetary movement, Einstein’s general theory of relativity．Equally awe – inspiring are artistic creations in painting, theatre, music and literature, which have also been brought about by discovery through personal efforts．What do these extraordinary achievements of well – known scientists and artists have to do with problem solving?

　　A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem solving activity．The solution to a problem, we are told, often comes to thinkers in a “flash of insight(顿悟)”, although they may have been turning the problem over in their minds for some time．As a particular form of problem solving, these creative acts are based on the broad knowledge gained in the past, whether this be of the “public” sort known to science, or of the “private” sort known to the artist．

　　Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time．Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this．Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society．The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable(可预见的)sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves(涉及)a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation．As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution．

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　　When we think of the people who make our lives miserable by spreading malicious(恶意的)viruses(病毒), most of us imagine an unpopular teenage boy getting rid or his anger．But Sarah Gordon, an expert in computer viruses says, “A hacker(黑客)or a virus writer is just as likely to be the guy next door to you．Your average hacker is not necessarily someone dressed entirely in black and wearing a nose ring．She may be a 50 – year – old female．”

　　The virus writers have varied backgrounds．While most of them are male, some are female．Many have good relationships with their families; most are popular with their peers (同龄人)．They don’t spend all their time in the basement．One virus writer volunteers working with elderly people．

　　Hackers and virus writers are actually very different．Hackers tend to have a more thorough knowledge of systems and a more highly developed skill set, while virus writers generally take a shallower approach to what they’re doing．Virus writing is looked down upon, most for lack of required skill．

　　Their motivations(动机)may also differ．While both hackers and virus writers are at first attracted by the technical challenge, hacking is more about power and control．When you are hacking and you get into a system, you take it over and control it．

　　Gordon explains that people write viruses for a number of reasons．Some may regard it as a technical challenge, even though writing a virus is actually very easy．Younger virus writers like to be part of a group, which is important to them．Or it may be a way to make a social statement．If you’re a young person who doesn’t have much power and you can attract attention with a political statement in a virus that travels all around the world．You might think you’re making a difference, imagining yourself a modern – day social activist．Gordon says, “It’s a big deal to them when they see it on CNN．They feel like they’ve reached the world．”

　　“Most virus writers don’t understand to damage they do．” Gordon says．“They think it’s not really wrong．Or they may think everybody has antivirus software, so it won’t really hurt anybody．”

　　Fortunately, social pressure is changing the impressions people have of hackers and virus writers．Their own peers are beginning to say to them, “This is not cool．” The media(媒体)used to promote(提升)virus writers as talents and heroes．But now it has changed its tune．“We are seeing the media start to turn around,” Gordon says, “We’re getting the message out to young people that writing viruses really isn’t cool．”

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　　Whenever I see anyone buying a National Lottery ticket(彩票)I want to stop them and ask if they know just where their money is going．

　　The lottery money is supposed to go to charity(慈善团体)－ but it makes me angry to see some of the so – called “good causes” it’s being used to support．Also, Camelot, the organizers, have made a profit of ￡10．8 million in five months．

　　For the past ten years I’ve been helping to raise funds(基金)for a cancer research charity called Tenovus．My husband, Sandy, died from cancer 11 years ago － － － he was only 51．There’s been a long line of deaths in our family through cancer．I’ve also lost two sisters – in－ law, my brother, Michael, my father – in – law and my father．That’s apart from several close friends．

　　The charity is 50 years old now and raised money mainly for breast cancer research．It also runs a support line for the families of cancer sufferers．Our local group raises money through dances, sales and coffee morning, and all the funds go directly to cancer research．In 1993 Tenovus raised ￡3 million － － － and half that money came from sales of our own lottery tickets at supermarkets．But our income has dropped by half since the National Lottery was introduced．

　　I’m not against people playing the National Lottery, but they should think about what they’re doing．The chances of winning the jackpot are so small; they might as well throw their money away．The Government tells us that the money is going to things like the arts and sport, but what about the National Health Service? They should give some cash to that, too．How can they justify spending ridiculous amount of cash on so – called works of art － － － like displays of potatoes － － － or buying up Winston Churchill’s papers at a cost of ￡12 million?

　　So who really are the winners in the National Lottery? When I think of all that money people could be donating(捐献)to cancer research, I could weep．It’s time people realized how charities across the country are suffering because of the National Lottery．It’s disheartening．

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　　Compassion is a desire within us to help others．With effort, we can translate compassion into actions．An experience last weekend showed me this is true．I work part－time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderly．These old people are our main customers, and it’s not hard to lose patience over their slowness．But last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson．This untidy man walked up to my register(收款机)with a box of biscuits．He said he was out of cash, had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards．He asked if we could let him have the food on trust．He promised to repay me the next day．

　　I couldn’t help staring at him．I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his way．I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the world．I told him that I was sorry, and store rules didn’t allow me to do so．I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job．

　　Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up．If anything, he looked more pitiable, “Charge it to me,” was all he said．

　　What I had been feeling was pity．Pity is soft and safe and easy．Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action．I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either．Then I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself．I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion．

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　　On a recent flight, Laura was chatting happily with Lisa, the woman in the next seat until the conversation turned to fares(票价)．The woman, who bought her ticket two months in advance, paid ＄109．Laura paid the full fare of＄457．She decided that next time she would find out how to spend less money．

　　Here are some ways to save money:

　　Cheap airplane tickets．To fly for less money, you can buy non－refundable plane tickets two or three months before your trip．The cheapest way to fly is as a courier(送快信的人)．In return for delivering a package for a courier company, you get a plane ticket that costs as little as one – quarter of the regular fare － － － or even less if the company needs someone at the last minute．Recently, a courier flew round trip from Los Angeles to Tokyo for＄100；a regular ticket cost around＄1,800 ．

Train passes．If you are going to do a lot of traveling by train, a train pass will save you money．Buying a single pass gives you unlimited travel for a period of time．Train passes can be especially useful in India, which has the world’s largest rail system; in Japan, where trains are fast and convenient; and in Europe, where trains go to over 30,000 cities．

　　Hostels．Hostels used to provide cheap accommodations(住宿)for people under the age of 25．Nowadays, hostels don’t have any age requirements．They are not only cheap(＄8－＄17 a night) but a great way to meet people．Hostels are often in interesting places － － － a castle in Germany, a lighthouse in California, a one – room schoolhouse in the wilderness of Australia．And sometimes hostels have swimming pools

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Babies are not just passing idle time when they stare goggle – eyed at the television – they are actually learning about the world，U．S．researchers said．Parents may want to limit what their babies see on television，based on the study，said Donna Mumme，assistant professor of psychology at Tufts University in Boston，who led the research．“Children as young as 12 months are making decisions based on the emotional(情感的)reactions of adults around them，” Mumme said in a statement．“It turns out they can also use emotional information they pick up from television．This means that adults might want to think twice before they speak in a loud and harsh voice or let a baby see television programs meant for an older person．”Mumme’s team already knew that babies watch other children and adults for information about the world．A mother urging her baby to eat some“yummy”soup or a brother crying in fear when a dog approaches can influence a baby’s reaction．Mumme’s team tested babies to determine if television has the same influence，showing actors reacting on a videotape to objects such as red spiral letter holder，a blue bumpy ball，and a yellow garden hose attachment．Babies aged 10 months or 12 months were later given the same objects to play with．Ten – month – olds did not seem to be influenced by the videos，but the 1 – year – olds were．When the actors acted neutrally or positively to an object，the babies happily played with them．But if the actor had seemed afraid or disgusted，the babies would avoid the object．

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