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　　People do not analyze every problem they meet．Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a 　　1　　 problem．They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people．Other times they begin to act without 　　2　　．They try to find a solution by trial or error．　　3　　, when all of these methods 　　4　　, the person with a problem has to start analyzing．There are six 　　5　　 in analyzing a problem．

　　　　6　　, the person must recognize that there is a problem．For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does．Sam must 　　7　　 that there is a problem with the bicycle．

　　Next, the person must find the problem．Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work．For example, he must 　　8　　 the parts that are wrong．

　　Now the person must look for 　　9　　 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 　　10　　 solutions．For example, suppose Sam decides that his bicycle does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes．

　　　　11　　, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully．

　　After 　　12　　 the problem, the person should have 　　13　　 suggestions for a possible solution．Take Sam as an example 　　14　　, his suggestions might be：tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones．

　　In the end, one 　　15　　 seems to be the solution to the problem．Sometimes the 　　16　　 idea comes quite 　　17　　 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a different way．Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum(口香糖)stuck to a brake．He 　　18　　 hits on the solution to his problem：he must 　　19　　 the brake．

　　Finally the solution is 　　20　　．Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly．In short he has solved the problem．

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　　The Three Gorges Dam, the longest dam in the world, is also the largest engineering project on the surface of the earth．It 　　1　　 to make the 　　2　　 of all floods, the Changjiang River, into a 　　3　　 river and it will be the largest power 　　4　　 for much of eastern and central China．It will create a huge, deep water 　　5　　, and make it possible for 10 000 ton ocean going ships to sail 1500 miles 　　6　　 from the 　　7　　 to the city of Chongqing 　　8　　 its 30 million people, 　　9　　 it the world’s largest 　　10　　．Construction has already 　　11　　．The dam will be about 6 860 feet long and 611 feet high, at a spot called Sandouping near Yichang．

　　After several decades of investigation(调研), experts have 　　12　　 a conclusion 　　13　　 this grand project will do a great deal of 　　14　　．Most important is 　　15　　 control．　　16　　 building a dam instead of new coal plants to meet its growing demand for electricity, China will 　　17　　 off much less poisonous gases into the 　　18　　．

　　The Three Gorges Dam could be considered, 　　19　　 it is finished in 2009, a new eighth wonder of the world 　　20　　 size alone．

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　　When Miss Hughes entered the classroom, the children stopped playing and talking．In one body, they stood up and 　　1　　 the teacher in a loud voice, “Good morning!” Miss Hughes smiled and told the class to sit down．She found at a 　　2　　 that there seemed to be thirty five pupils in the class, 　　3　　．They were all watching her with fixed eyes, waiting no 　　4　　 to find what sort of person she was．

　　“I 　　5　　 you want to know my name,” she said．But before she could tell, a student 　　6　　, “It’s Miss Hughes．” Hughes laughed．“　　7　　 travels fast,” she said．“I’m afraid it will take me 　　8　　 to learn all your names．”Miss Hughes 　　9　　 a list and began to call the pupils’ names in 　　10　　．When she came to the last one, John, she noticed that he had been 　　11　　 for over a month, “What’s the matter with John?” she asked, looking 　　12　　．“He’s in hospital．He had his leg broken, ” said a girl in the front 　　13　　．“He slipped while skating,” 　　14　　 a boy．“Has anyone 　　15　　 to see him?” Miss Hughes asked．No one 　　16　　．

　　It was 　　17　　 to start the lesson．The pupils 　　18　　 Miss Hughes to tell them a story．“Very well”, she said．“But first of all I’d like you to write a letter to John：We’ll 　　19　　 the best ones to him and 　　20　　 him up in hospital．Now I’ll tell you a story, if you are good．”

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　　Mary’s parents are different from the average．While she was 　　1　　 up they required her to 　　2　　．First of all she had to work around their home．Later on Mary worked for other people．

　　When Mary was 14 years old, her mother and father told her that they were no 　　3　　 going to buy her clothes．Sure, they would continue to buy shoes for her and also the special clothes 　　4　　 suits, but 　　5　　 else was her responsibility(责任)．Some people thought that they were 　　6　　．But they wanted to teach Mary some 　　7　　 lessons．One thing she learned was that nothing is cheap or 　　8　　．She learned how to deal with her money 　　9　　．Another thing she learned was how to keep from 　　10　　 out her clothes too fast．

　　Also, even 　　11　　 Mary went to school she was 　　12　　 to work．All through her high school and 　　13　　 years she worked as well as studied．Mary’s parents had plenty of 　　14　　 but they felt she would 　　15　　 her education more if she had to 　　16　　 it．And strange 　　17　　 it may seem, they had heard that students who worked part time generally got 　　18　　 grades than students who did no work．

　　Now Mary is a mother herself．She requires her 　　19　　 to do the same 　　20　　 she did, especially working part time as they go to school．

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　　The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard．But in the rich world, children can 　　1　　 from a different kind of poverty－of the spirit．

　　　　2　　, one Western country alone now sees 14 000 attempted suicides(自杀)every year by children under 15, and one child 　　3　　 five needs psychiatric(心理)advice．

　　There are many good things about 　　4　　 in the Third World．Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours for example．In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between 　　5　　 and children．But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices．　　6　　, the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbours working 　　7　　 and often shares in that work．

　　A child 　　8　　 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community’s 　　9　　：helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies－rather than 　　10　　 playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 　　11　　 playing with dolls．

　　These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the 　　12　　 children．Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky．Children in the rich world, 　　13　　, are provided with a watch as one of the 　　14　　 signs of growing up, so that they can 　　15　　 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows…

　　Third World children do not usually 　　16　　 to stay indoors, still less in highrise apartments(公寓)．Instead of dangerous roads, “keep off the grass” signs and “don’t speak to strangers”, there is often a sense of 　　17　　 to study and play．Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 　　18　　 from ten floors up．

　　　　19　　, twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease．But childhood in the Third World is not all 　　20　　．

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阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　　A lady and her husband stepped off the train in Boston．They walked without an appointment(预约)into the outer 　　1　　 of Harvard’s president．But they were 　　2　　 by his secretary and kept waiting．For hours, the secretary took no notice of them, 　　3　　 that the couple would finally become 　　4　　 and go away．But they didn’t．The secretary finally decided to disturb the president, though 　　5　　．

　　A few minutes later, the president walked towards the couple with a 　　6　　 face．The lady told him, “We had a son that 　　7　　 Harvard for one year．He loved Harvard．He was 　　8　　 here．But about a year ago, he was accidentally killed．My husband and I would like to 　　9　　 a memorial(纪念物)to him, somewhere on campus．”

　　The president wasn’t 　　10　　．Instead, he was shocked．“Madam, ” he said, “we can’t put up a statue for every person who studied at Harvard and died．If we did, this 　　11　　 would look like a cemetery(墓地), ”“Oh, no, ” the lady 　　12　　 quickly．“We don’t want to put up a statue．We would like to give a 　　13　　 to Harvard．” The president rolled his eyes and 　　14　　 at the couple and then exclaimed,” A building! Do you have any 　　15　　 how much a building costs? We have spent over ＄7 500 000 on the campus building at Harvard．” For a moment the lady was silent．The president was 　　16　　, because he could get rid of them now．Then the lady turned to her husband and said quietly, “Is that all it costs to start a 　　17　　? Why don’t we just start our own?” Her husband nodded．　　18　　 their offer was turned down．Mr．and Mrs．Stanford traveled to California where they founded the University that bears their 　　19　　, a memorial to a son that Harvard no longer 　　20　　 about．

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　　Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end．In many ways，this is 　　1　　 for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same 　　2　　 night after night．One would 　　3　　 them to know their parts by heart and 　　4　　 have cause to falter(结巴)．Yet 　　5　　 is not always the case．

　　A famous actor in a 　　6　　 successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat 　　7　　 had been imprisoned in Bastille for twenty years．In the last act，a gaoler(狱吏)would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner．　　8　　 the noble was expected to read the letter at each 　　9　　, he always insisted that it should be written out in full．

　　One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke 　　10　　 his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the 　　11　　 of the letter by heart．The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed(使显露)the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell．Just then, the gaoler 　　12　　 with the precious letter in his hands．He entered the 　　13　　 and presented the letter to the aristocrat．But the copy he gave him had not been written out in 　　14　　 as usual．It was simply a blank sheet of paper．The gaoler looked on eagerly, 　　15　　 to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines．The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds．Then, squinting(眯着眼睛看)his eyes, he said, “The light is 　　16　　．Read the letter to me．”And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler．　　17　　 that he could not remember a word of the letter either，the gaoler replied, “The light is indeed dim, sir．I must get my 　　18　　．” With this，he hurried off the stage．Much to the aristocrat’s 　　19　　, the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the 　　20　　 copy of the letter which he went on to read to the prisoner．

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　　One evening Mr．Green was driving his car along a lonely country road．He had 　　1　　 10 000 pounds from the bank in town．Suddenly a man in rags stopped him and asked for 　　2　　．Mr．Green told him to get on and continued his way．　 3 　 he talked to the man, he 　　4　　 that he had just broken out of prison．Mr．Green was very afraid at the 　　5　　 of the money．Suddenly he saw a police car and had a 　　6　　 idea．He 　　7　　 speed and drove as quickly as possible．Then he found the police car running 　　8　　 him．After a mile 　　9　　 the police car passed him and ordered him to stop．A policeman came up．Mr．Green had hoped to tell him about the trouble but the man put a gun to Mr Green’s 　　10　　．

　　The policeman said he wanted Mr．Green’s name and 　　11　　．Mr．Green obeyed．The policeman wrote it down in his notebook and put it in his 　　12　　．“You 　　13　　 appear at the police station, ”he said．Then he talked to Mr．Green about 　　14　　 driving．

　　Mr．Green started up his car again．He had 　　15　　 all hope of his 10000 pounds, but as he reached a more lonely part, the robber said he wanted to 　　16　　．Mr．Green stopped and the man said, “　　17　　．You’ve been 　　18　　 to me．This is what I can do in 　　19　　．” And he handed Mr．Green the policeman’s 　　20　　, which was stolen while the policeman was talking to Mr Green．

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　　Mrs．Wilson, the middle-aged wife of a rich businessman, invited some of her friends to lunch．She was trying a new way of 　　1　　 a fish dish, and she was very pleased with herself when the fish was ready．　　2　　 the fish was very hot, she put it near the open window to 　　3　　 for a few minutes．　　4　　, five minutes later, when she 　　5　　 for it, she was 　　6　　 to find the neighbour’s cat Chester ate the fish．Fortunately, she was in time to stop the cat before it was too late．That afternoon was a great 　　7　　 and everyone 　　8　　 the dish very much．They talked and laughed till four o’clock．

　　At the end of the afternoon, 　　9　　 she was alone again, Mrs．Wilson felt 　　10　　 but happy．She was sitting in a chair just near the window when, 　　11　　 the window, she was surprised to see the neighbor’s cat 　　12　　 in her garden! Why, the fish dish 　　13　　 be bad! What would happen to her friend? She 　　14　　 telephoned the family doctor for help．The doctor told her to telephone 　　15　　 of the visitors to meet him at the hospital as 　　16　　 as possible．Finally the danger was over．　　17　　 Mrs．Wilson was alone in her chair in her living room, still tired but 　　18　　 happy．Just then the telephone rang．It was her 　　19　　．“Oh, Millie, ”her neighbor cried．“Chester is dead．She was 　　20　　 by someone and put in your garden…”

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　　As scientists learn more about the causes of earthquakes, they become better able to predict them．First of all, they know that quakes are 　　1　　 to occur in areas where the tectonic(地壳构造的)plates push 　　2　　 each other．They 　　3　　 these areas closely, using different instruments．They 　　4　　 the vibrations(震动)of the earth with seismographs(地震仪), which 　　5　　 on rolls of paper all movements, both large and small．Scientists usually use the Richter scale(里氏震级), 　　6　　 after a famous seismologist, for these measurements．When an earthquake measures over 4.5 on the Richter scale, it is 　　7　　 enough to cause damage．Scientists have determined that a(an)　　8　　 is not likely to have a large 　　9　　 when many small quakes have been 　　10　　．When the small quakes stop, then pressure 　　11　　 and a strong quake is more likely．

　　There are several other 　　12　　 to predict earthquakes．Scientists can measure the tiny 　　13　　 in the tilt(倾斜)of the land that happen before earthquakes occur．Increases in the amount of radon(氡), a substance found in deep 　　14　　, as well as a high level of water in the wells, can also 　　15　　 that an earthquake is likely to occur．In addition, scientists have found that some animals, like dogs, behave 　　16　　 before an earthquake：they become 　　17　　 and howl(嚎叫)．

　　Seismologists have 　　18　　 predicted several earthquakes, such as the earthquake which occurred in Zhangjiakou, China in 1998．　　19　　, not all earthquakes are predictable, and a system for predicting is not yet 　　20　　．