Cloze(完形填空)

　　As Christmas is coming, there are presents to be bought, cards to be sent and rooms to be cleaned．Parents are 　　1　　 with a difficul job of hiding presents from curious young children．If the gifts are large, this is sometimes a real 　　2　　．On Christmas Eve, young children find the excitement almost unbearable．They are torn between the wish to go to bed early so that Father Christmas will bring their presents quickly and the wish to 　　3　　 up late so that they will not 　　4　　 the fun．The wish for gifts usually proves stronger．But though children go to bed early, they often lie 　　5　　 for a long time, hoping to get a short 　　6　　 at Father Christmas．?

　　Last Christmas, my wife and I 　　7　　 hid a few large presents in the storeroom．I 　　8　　 the moment when my son, Jimmy, would 　　9　　 me where that new bike had come from, but 　　10　　 he did not see it．

　　On Christmas Eve, 　　11　　 took the children hours to go to sleep．It must have been nearly 　　12　　 when my wife and I went quietly into their room and began 　　13　　 stockings．Then I pushed in the 　　14　　 I bought for Jimmy and left it beside the Christmas tree．We knew we would not get much sleep that night, for the children were 　　15　　 to get up early．At about five o’clock the next morning, we were 　　16　　 by loud sounds coming from the children’s room．They were shouting excitedly!　　17　　 I had time to get out of bed, young Jimmy came riding into the room on his new bike, and his sister, Mary, followed close behind pushing her new baby carriage．　　18　　 the baby arrived．He moved 　　19　　 the hands and knees into the room dragging a large balloon behind him．Suddenly it burst．That woke us up 　　20　　．The day had really begun with a bang(巨响)．

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　　When he was ten, Edison built his own chemistry 　　1　　．He sold sandwiches and newspapers on the local trains in order to earn money to buy 　　2　　 for his laboratory．His parents became used, more or less, 　　3　　 his experiments, which sometimes 　　4　　 the house．

　　Edison’s work as a salesboy with the railway introduced him to the 　　5　　 and, with a friend, he built his own telegraph set．He taught 　　6　　 the Morse telegraphic code and hoped for the chance to become a professional telegraph 　　7　　．A stroke of luck and Edison’s quick thinking soon provided the 　　8　　．

　　One day as young Edison stood 　　9　　 for a train to arrive, he saw the station master’s 　　10　　 wander into the track of an approaching train．Edison 　　11　　 and carried the boy to safety．The thankful station master 　　12　　 to teach Edison railway telegraphy．Afterwards, in 1863, he became an 　　13　　 telegraph operator and left home to work in various cities．

　　Six years later, in 1869, Edison arrived in New York City, poor and 　　14　　 debt．He went to work with a telegraph company．　　15　　 was here that he became interested in the 　　16　　 of electricity．At that time electricity was still in the 　　17　　 stage, and Edison hoped to invent new ways to use it for the 　　18　　 of people．As he once said,“My philosophy of life is work．I want to bring out the 　　19　　 of nature and apply them for the happiness of man．I know of no 　　20　　 work to do for the short time we are in this world．”

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　　Tennis is its second life．Its first 　　1　　 began in France．The name of the game comes from the French 　　2　　“tennez”, the command to play．The English, 　　3　　 the French 　　4　　 800 years ago, 　　5　　 the game“tennez”．

　　The English liked the French game．Tennis courts were built in every 　　6　　, in every city, just 　　7　　 today．The two countries played 　　8　　 each other．At first they played for 　　9　　．Then they wanted money．Later people began 　　10　　 to get money．Three hundred years ago the game was 　　11　　 to stop the cheating．All the 　　12　　 courts were abandoned(废弃)or 　　13　　 to a new use．The game 　　14　　 disappeared．

　　Americans who went to 　　15　　 100 years ago found the old court．They 　　16　　 what they could do about the game．They liked tennis as the English 　　17　　 before．　　18　　 home, the Americans built tennis courts．The sport 　　19　　 off．Tennis is spreading like wild fire through all the United States．Now it is one of the most 　　20　　 games in the world again．

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　　In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making．When the children are 　　1　　 enough, they take part 　　2　　．Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness(宽容)of American parents．The old rule that“Children should be seen and not be heard” is rarely 　　3　　, and children are often 　　4　　 to do what they wish without strict parental 　　5　　．The father seldom expects his children to obey him 　　6　　 question, and children are encouraged to be independent 　　7　　 an early age．Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom 　　8　　 far．Others think that a strong father image(形象)would not 　　9　　 the American values of equality and independence．Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to break 　　10　　 their parental families by the time they have 　　11　　 their late teens or early twenties．　　12　　, not to do so is often regarded as a failure, a kind of 　　13　　．

　　This pattern of independence often results in serious 　　14　　 for the aging parents of a small family．The average American is expected to live 　　15　　 the age of 70．The job-retirement age is 　　16　　 65．The children have left home, married, and set 　　17　　 their own households．At least 20 percent of the people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes．　　18　　 the major problem of many elderly couples is not 　　19　　．They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation(职业)　　20　　 a close family group．

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完形填空

　　In history, a real cowboy was a simple farm worker on horseback．He spent a long time a day outdoors working with cows．The work was dirty, tiring and not very well paid．

　　People in the western states had to 　　1　　 cattle at low cost and send them by railway to the eastern 　　2　　．But someone had to 　　3　　 the cattle and get them to the nearest railroad．This was the job of a cowboy．Sometimes the 　　4　　 was more than a thousand kilometers away and it could take as 　　5　　 as six months to move the cattle．The 　　6　　 was long but the cattle were driven 　　7　　 as not to lose 　　8　　．Then they could be sold at a good price．

　　Most cowboys were young, 　　9　　 men．A good horse 　　10　　 their job of moving cattle much easier．A good cowboy 　　11　　 cows and knew how to control them．At night, he 　　12　　 to the cows to keep them calm．

　　In the late 1800s, America was changing from a nation of farm to one of 　　13　　 and cities．The cowboy seemed 　　14　　 compared with other Americans doing ordinary jobs．

　　Today, the 　　15　　 of cowboys has 　　16　　 greatly．One change is the use of trucks．The job is not so hard 　　17　　 it used to be．And cowboys are better 　　18　　 now．They are 　　19　　 to be married．Some of them are farmers or teachers or truck drivers．Some work for big companies．

　　　　20　 at night and at weekends, they become cowboys．These part-time cowboys increase the total production of meat, keeping the beef price low．

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完形填空

　　One day Burton 　　1　　 his children to the zoo．He told them to be ready at two o’clock, but they weren’t all ready then：little Tommy 　　2　　 find his shoes．He could find his brown shoes, but he couldn’t find his black shoes, and he wanted to wear his 　　3　　 shoes to the zoo．At a quarter past two his brothers and sisters told him to wear his brown shoes, so he put them on; and 　　4　　 they were all ready to leave．Their mother 　　5　　 goodbye and told them to enjoy their trip to the zoo．Then she sat down to 　　6　　 a book in the empty, quiet house．When they 　　7　　 the zoo, Burton told the children to stay with him; he didn’t want them to get 　　8　　 in the zoo．Little Tommy asked his father to buy some food for the bears, but his father answered,“Look at that notice, Tommy．It 　　9　　：DON’T FEED THE ANIMALS．”

　　“Why does it tell us 　　10　　 the animals?”asked Tommy．

　　“　　11　　 they get a lot of food already,”said Burton,“And people often try to give them the wrong food; that’s bad for the animals．”

　　At three o’clock the dolphin show began．All 　　12　　 wanted to see it．So Mr．Burton bought seven tickets and took the children down to the dolphinariurn(水族馆)．The dolphins did a lot of tricks(技巧); they jumped 　　13　　 into the air and flew through circles over the water; they caught rubber rings with their noses; and they 　　14　　 red and yellow balls．The trainer blew his whistle when he wanted the dolphins to do 　　15　　 and when they did it he gave them some 　　16　　．“　　17　　 can the dolphins do all those tricks?”asked little Tommy．“Because they are very clever,”said his big brother．“They can understand when their 　　18　　 tells them to do something; and they like to 　　19　　, because he always gives them some fish when they do them,”“That’s good,”said Tommy．“I like to do tricks 　　20　　; why doesn’t Father give me some candies when I do them?”

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完形填空

　　The science teacher believed very strongly in practical work by means of teaching science effectively, and she 　　1　　 her pupils’parents to see how 　　2　　 their children were learning by her methods．She 　　3　　 arranged for all the parents to come and see the 　　4　　 of one of the children’s experiments on a Saturday evening when all of them were 　　5　　．

　　The children had been studying how 　　6　　 grew, and they had planted four pots of flowers a few weeks 　　7　　．They had put poor soil in one pot to see what effect this would have on how the flowers grew in it, and good soil in the other 　　8　　 The flowers in this pot were planted in 　　9　　 soil．”

　　“This pot has been kept in the dark for four days．”

　　“These flowers have had no 　　10　　 for four days．”

　　“These flowers have had good soil, 　　11　　 of light and regular water．”

　　Then the teacher went home．

　　When she 　　12　　 on Saturday evening, half an hour before the parents came, she 　　13　　 this note beside the pots：“We 　　14　　 your notes to the school servant and we thought we would help him, so we watered all the plants, changed the earth in the one with poor soil, and 　　15　　 the light on above the one that had been left in the dark for four days．We 　　16　　 that the plants will grow better．”

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完形填空

　　A high school history teacher once told us,“If you make one close friend in school, you will be most fortunate．A true friend is someone who stays with you for life．”　　1　　 teaches that he was right．Good friendship is just not easily 　　2　　．

　　It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place long enough for a 　　3　　friendship to develop．However, there can be no disagreement on the 　　4　　for each of us to think carefully about the 　　5　　 of friendship we want．

　　To most of us, friendships are 　　6　　 very important, but we need to have clear in our 　　7　　 the kinds of friendship we want．Are they to be close to or 　　8　　at arm’s length?Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the 　　9　　?For some people, many friendships on the surface are 　　10　　 enough and that’s all right．But at some point, 　　11　　 to make sure that our expectations are the same as our friends’expectations．The 　　12　　 of personal experience including our tears as well as our dark dreams is the only 　　13　　 way to deepen friendships．But it must be undertaken(进行)and 　　14　　 only if there are signs of interest and action in return．

　　What are some of the 　　15　　 of friendship?The greatest is the attraction to expect too much time．Another“　　16　　 difficulty”is the selfishness to take actions too soon．Deep relationships 　　17　　 one“possesses”the other, including his time and attention．　　18　　, friendships in return．In other words, you must give as much as you take．　　19　　 there is a question of taking care of them．　　20　　 you spend reasonable time together, talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will die away．

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完形填空

　　In 1982, Mark Thatcher, the son of Mrs．Thatcher, was reported missing in the Sahara Desert while competing in the Grand Prix Motor race from Paris to Daker．This sad unexpected news, shook the 　　1　　 calm and unhurried politician off her balance．Though she did her best to 　　2　　 as if nothing had happened and made her public appearances usual, people could not fail to notice that she was no longer the old self-assured(自信的)prime minister who always had everything under 　　3　　．Instead she had become a very sad mother who was unable to recover from her 　　4　　．

　　One day when she was to 　　5　　 at a lunch party, a reporter caught her off her guard by bringing up the 　　6　　 of her missing son again．She was totally mentally 　　7　　 for the question and lost her 　　8　　．Tears were rolling down her eyes 　　9　　 she sobbingly told the reporter there was still no news of Mark and that she was very 　　10　　 about him．She said that all the countries concerned had promised to do their best to help her find her son．With that she 　　11　　 down completely and sobbed silently for quite a while．Gradually she 　　12　　 down and started to speak as planned．It was a very 　　13　　 scene which exposed a new side of Mrs．Thatcher’s 　　14　　 the public do not usually see, so people began to 　　15　　 about the Iron Woman’s motherly love, a feeling 　　16　　 is common to all human race．

　　Later Mark returned safe and 　　17　　 to his mother’s side, good-humored and all smiles as usual 　　18　　 nothing unusual had 　　19　　 happened．The Iron Woman, however, broke down again and was 　　20　　 sobbing for the second time．

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