There are two basic differences between the large and the small firms. In the small firm you operate primarily through personal contacts. In the large firm you have established“policies”,“channels”of organization, and fairly rigid procedures. In the small firm you have, moreover, immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions right away, once you are a little above the ground floor. In the large firm even the man at the top is only a cog in a big machine. To be sure, his actions affect a much greater area than the actions and decisions of the man in the small organization, but his effectiveness is remote indirect, and difficult to see at first sight. In a small and even in a middle-sized business you are normally exposed to all kinds of experiences, and expected to do a great many things without too much help or guidance. In the small one the danger is of becoming a jack-of-all trades and master of none. In the large one it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.

　　There is one other important thing to consider: do you derive a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization-General Motors, the Bell Telephone System, the government? Or is it more important to you to be a well-known and important figure within your own small pond? There is a basic difference between the satisfaction that comes from being a member of a large, powerful, and generally known organization, and the one that comes from being a member of a family; between impersonal grandeur（大的）and personal of ten much too personal-intimacy; between life in a skyscraper and life in a crossroads gas station.

(1)In a large enterprise, ________.

[　　]

A．new technology is employed quickly

B．all people work efficiently

C．one's effectiveness is felt very slowly

D．one can get promotion easily

(2)In the first paragraph, a“jack-of-all-trades”means ________.

[　　]

A．a person who doesn't know anything about business

B．a person who is very capable as a businessman

C．a person who knows a little bit of everything

D．a person who is very knowledgeable about trade

(3)We can conclude from the first paragraph that the writer ________.

[　　]

A．prefers to work for a large firm

B．does not mention his own preference

C．prefers to work for a small firm

D．is against anything that goes to its extreme

(4)In the second paragraph, the contrast（对比）between the organization and the family is employed to show ________.

[　　]

A．how necessary a deep sense of satisfaction is

B．what satisfaction means to different types of people

C．how families may differ from one another

D．what large firm can offer to ordinary families

　　Sitting is an art that isn't getting passed along. People these days feel as though they have to be doing something. If they are not working, they are jogging, or playing tennis or golf, or taking courses to improve their minds or bodies--or they are parked in front of the TV. Sitting in front of the TV isn't sitting--it's watching.

　　People used to sit a whole lot. You would walk down the street or drive down the road, and there they would be, out on the doorsteps, sitting. You could go down to the store and sit on the bench out front in the summer or around the fire in the winter. There were sitting benches out in the town square. At the garage, there were straight-backed chairs. There among the oilcans and tires and spare parts, you could kick back and sit.

　　Houses used to have sitting rooms, where the grown-ups would go after Sunday dinner. Mom and Dad, Grandpa and Aunt Ruby would sit and digest（消化）the fried chicken and talk about Aunt Ethel's illness, and how well the minister did today. Outside, the children would play, and the afternoon would pass by in a comfortable haze（悠闲的氛围）.

　　That sort of thing looks like doing nothing. A recharging battery（正充电的电池）doesn't look as if it's doing anything either. Sitting restores your soul. If you want to enjoy a truly full life, don't just do something--sit there.

(1)What message does the author try to get through to us?

[　　]

A．People should make better use of their sitting room.

B．People should spend less time watching TV.

C．People should pass down their good habits.

D．People should take things easy for their own good.

(2)We can learn from the second paragraph that ________.

[　　]

A．people lived a more restful life in the past

B．towns were built to make living convenient

C．small town garages had a lot to offer

D．people enjoyed going out for a drive

(3)The sitting room mentioned in the text used to be a place for ________.

[　　]

(4)From the text we know the writer believes ________.

[　　]

A．sitting has a good spiritual effect

B．sitting helps people remember the past

C．a sitting room may have different purposes

D．a sitting room is important for the old

　　The group of tourists walking through Stockholm's old street never knew what hit them. As they admired Swedish art works in a storefront window, one of their mobile phones chirped（唧唧叫）with an anonymous（匿名）note:“Try the blue sweaters. They keep you warm in the winter.”

　　The tourist had just been“bluejacked”--secretly sent a text message using short-range wireless technology called Bluetooth.

　　The more people get Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones--both sender and receiver need them for this to work--the more there is likely to be mischievous（恶作剧的）messaging.

　　Websites are already offering tips on bluejacking, and collections of astonished reactions quickly turn up on the Internet. One site, www. bluejackq. com, was set up by a British teenager.

　　“I bluejacked three or four people, ”says 13-year-old Ellie in UK, who runs the site and makes bluejacking a daily affair. Bluetooth has a range of about nine metres. Ellie used it to send a note to a man in a cafe asking how his coffee was and saying that she liked his wife's glasses.

　　Ellie says he looked here and there to try to figure out where the message came from, even sending text messages back and forth with his wife, but to_no_avail.

　　Bluetooth is fast becoming more common on new mobile phones, though Forrester Research says at present only 9 percent of phones in Europe have such a function.

　　The technology is handy for people wanting to use wireless headsets with their phones or for sending data by phone to Bluetooth-enabled printers.

　　When Bluetooth is activated（激活）, it seeks out other equipped mobile phones by itself and sets up a link. Bluetooth phones can be set to block anonymous messaging, but people who carry them don't necessarily know that.

(1)What is mainly discussed in the text? ________

[　　]

A．The meaning of the word“bluejack”.

B．The technology called Bluetooth.

C．Anonymous messages.

D．Tips on bluejacking.

(2)When a tourist was“bluejacked”, he or she might ________.

[　　]

A．receive an anonymous and often mischievous message

B．send others a text message using shortrange wireless technology called Bluetooth

C．be persuaded to buy a blue sweater

D．get a Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone

(3)We may learn from the text that ________.

[　　]

A．with Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones people can send anonymous notes to friends far away

B．13-year-old Ellie makes bluejacking to earn some money by advertising

C．not many people in Europe now carry Bluetooth mobile phones

D．It's not easy for activated Bluetooth to set up a link with other equipped mobile phones

(4)What does the underlined phrase“to no avail”( paragraph 6) probably mean? ________

[　　]

(5)People often receive anonymous messages though they don't want to because ________.

[　　]

A．many of them probably don't know how to block such messages

B．it's not necessary for people to know how to block such messages

C．their phones are not able to block anonymous messaging

D．it's just impossible for people to reject any messages

　　Learning begins the minute we were born. Our first teachers are our families. At home we learn to talk, dress, and feed ourselves. We learn these and others by following.

　　Then we go to school. A teacher tells us what to learn and how to learn. Many teachers teach us and we pass many exams. Then people say we are educated.

　　Are we really educated? Let's think about the real meaning of learning. Knowing facts（事实）doesn't mean being able to solve（解决）problems. Solving problems needs creativity（创造力）, not just a good memory. Some people who don't know many facts are good at solving problems.

　　Henry Ford is a good example. He left school at 15. Later when his company couldn't build cars fast enough, he solved the problem. He thought of the assembly line（装配线）.

　　Today the answer seems simple. Yet think of the many university graduates（毕业生）who never solved that problem.

　　What does a good teacher do? Does he give students facts to remember? Well, yes, we must remember facts. But a good teacher shows how to find answers. He brings us to the stream（溪水）of knowledge, so we can drink. When we are thirsty we know where to go.

　　Think of a computer. It stores much information, but it can't think. It only obeys commands（指令）. We say a person hasn't learned unless he can use what he has learned.

(1)The best title for this passage is ________.

[　　]

(2)The main idea of this passage is ________.

[　　]

A．most university graduates are well educated

B．solving problems needs creativity, not a good memory

C．the real meaning of learning doesn't only mean knowing facts, but how to use what we have learned

D．Henry Ford sets us a good example in solving problems

(3)By giving us the good example, the writer tries to tell us that ________.

[　　]

A．though Henry Ford had little schooling, he became the owner of a company

B．only a poor person like Henry Ford can be successful

C．university students should learn from Henry Ford

D．those who are not well educated may solve hard problems

(4)Who does the writer think has learned? ________

[　　]

A．A person who can make good use of his knowledge.

B．Someone who has a good memory.

C．Anyone who can recite the facts he has learned.

D．A university graduate（毕业生）.

　　The city of Venice, in Italy, is one of a kind. It is built on more than 120 islands, just off the coast. The islands are small and close together. The waterways between them are used as streets. They are called canals.

　　In this watery world, people use boats to get from place to place. Gondolas to place, small boats that are moved with one oar（桨）, were once the only boats used in the canals. But today motorboats make getting around faster; there are still lots of gondolas, though. Many visitors go to Venice all the year round. And they like to ride in the old-style（老式）boats.

　　If you aren't going far in this city, it's easier to go on foot. There are hundreds of narrow footpaths. About 100 low bridges connect the footpaths and islands. But these bridges cause problems for the boaters. When the sea tide（潮）is high, the canal water rises. People in the boats must duck to fit under bridges.

(1)After reading the first paragraph, we can come to the conclusion that ________.

[　　]

A．all the buildings in Venice are help up（抬高）on seawater

B．there's no land in the city of Venice

C．the streets in Venice are all lined with waterways

D．nobody can be seen walking in the streets of Venice

(2)It is clear that ________.

[　　]

A．all the Venetian people ride in boats with one oar to get from place to place

B．gondolas are the only boats used in the canals

C．the ways of getting round in Venice are different from those in any other city

D．motorboats have taken the place of gondolas in Venice now

(3)Which of the following statements shows no difference between itself and the passage? ________

[　　]

A．All the Venetian people like to ride in the old-style boats.

B．Neither cars nor buses are used in Venice.

C．Citizens in Venice don't walk much.

D．Gondolas rides are much more expensive.

(4)Which of the following statements leads us to the conclusion that traveling around Venice by gondolas can be slow? ________

[　　]

A．Gondolas, small boats that are moved with one oar, were once the only boats used in the canals.

B．But today, motorboats make getting around faster.

C．But these bridges cause problems for the boaters.

D．People in the boats must duck to fit under bridges.

(5)The word“duck”in the last sentence means ________.

[　　]

A．bend one's head in order not to be hit

B．go quickly under water for a short time

C．swim as a duck does

D．dive suddenly like a duck

　　A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can help your body grow strong to take care of what you eat.

　　There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day.

　　It is easy to get into bad eating-habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to. But you will find yourself tired in these days and you can not think quickly.

　　Watching what you eat will help your body remain healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.

(1)Which of the following diets do you think is the best one? ________

[　　]

A．Corn, fish, cream and pork.

B．Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.

C．Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.

D．Rice, beancurd, apples, fish and chicken.

(2)Which of the following is a good eating-habit? ________

[　　]

A．Going to school without any breakfast.

B．Finishing your lunch in a very short time.

C．Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.

D．Having at least one food from all four groups in each meal.

(3)In this passage the writer mainly tells us that ________.

[　　]

A．right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy

B．taking exercise can keep your body strong

C．every person needs food to grow well

D．enough energy helps people think more quickly

(4)The underlined word“dairy”in the second paragraph means ________.

[　　]

A．the shop that sells milk and butter

B．the food made out of cows such as milk and butter

C．a farm where cows are kept

D．a place where milk products are made

　　By walking, begging rides both in wagons and in the cars, in some way, after a number of days, I reached the city of Richmond, Virginia, where I continued my study. It was about eighty-two miles from Hampton. When I reached there, tired, hungry, and dirty, it was late in the night. I had never been in a large city, and this rather added to my misery. When I reached Richmond, I was completely out of money. I had not a single acquaintance（熟人）in the place, and, being unused to city ways, I did not know where to go. I applied（申请）at several places for lodging（住宿）, but they all wanted money, and that was what I did not have. Knowing nothing else better to do, I walked in the streets. In doing this I passed by many food stands where fried（油炸的）chicken and half-moon apple pies were piled high and made to present a most tempting（诱人的）appearance. At that time it seemed to me that I would have promise all that I expected to possess（拥有）in the future was to have got hold of one of those chicken legs or those pies. But I could get neither of these, nor anything else to eat.

(1)Where did the author arrive after a number of days? ________

[　　]

(2)How did the author get there? ________

[　　]

(3)Why did the author walk in the streets? ________

[　　]

A．He was unused to city ways.

B．He didn't know how to apply for lodging.

C．He had no money.

D．He knew nothing else.

(4)What did the author expect to possess when he passed by food stands? ________

[　　]

A．Chicken legs.

B．Apple pies.

C．Both chicken legs and apple pies.

D．Either chicken legs or apple pies.

(5)What's the best title for this passage? ________

[　　]

　　Although I had left school against the advice of my teachers, I had, without telling anyone, tried to continue my studies in literature（文学）at evening classes. It was a tiresome walk from one end of the city to another and to sit among adults was uninteresting. I was the youngest in the class, so the friendship I knew at school was absent, I put up with it for a short period. It was too long a walk on cold winter's nights and it was hard to put my heart into Shakespeare with wet shoes and trousers. So I continued reading books and started writing poetry at home.

　　By chance, I won some prizes and award（奖励）for literature. A young woman from a TV company came to the college one day. She told me that I had won a national poetry award. I stared at her in astonishment and disbelieved her. She wanted to make a short film about me, to which I said:“No, I couldn't do that.” Not that I had any real excuse, I was just frightened. In the end she persuaded me that I should do it the following day.

　　So I did. They made a short film of me reading one of my poems and I became more interested in literature than ever. I wondered what I should do after this, and decided some weeks later that I could not imagine myself spending the rest of my days dealing with machines. So one evening, I hesitatingly（犹豫地）told my parents that I wanted to return to school. They were greatly surprised and, I think, a little afraid but they did not try to persuade me not to. They wanted to know if I was sure, if I knew what it meant and whether I realized that if I gave up my job training, it would be very difficult to get a good job. But nothing could stop me, and they asked about the matter not further.

(1)Which of the following has more probably been discussed in the paragraph above this passage? ________.

[　　]

A．The writer's unhappy childhood.

B．The poor teaching quality of the writer's school.

C．The writer's leaving school against his teachers' advice.

D．Whether it was worth leaving school for job training.

(2)The writer did not feel comfortable at the evening school because ________.

[　　]

A．he found it difficult to make friends with his classmates

B．he had to walk a long distance to the evening school

C．he could not put his heart into reading books after he was caught in the rain

D．all of the above

(3)After his success, the writer ________.

[　　]

A．decided to get a good job

B．decided to continue his studies in literature at the evening school

C．decided to return to the school he had left

D．began to feel very important and proud

(4)Which of the following is NOT true?

[　　]

A．His parents worried that he would have no future if he returned to school.

B．His parents worried that he would leave school again.

C．It was difficult for one who studied literature to get a job.

D．His parents did not want him to continue his education.

　　Even the fairest and most impartial（不偏袒的）newspaper is a medium of propaganda（宣传）. Every daily newspaper has an editorial page. Here opinion is expressed on events and personalities in the news. But editorial judgment is so persuasively presented that many people accept these opinions as facts. Good journalists uphold a code of ethics which distinguishes between news and editorial opinions. This code holds that in an editorial column the publisher is entitled to advocate any cause he chooses. It is understood that there he is speaking as a partisan（党人）and may express any view he desires. Because a modern newspaper is so expensive to produce and so costly to establish, newspapers have increasingly become big business organizations. Although there are exceptions, these large newspapers tend to reflect the views of their owners in their editorials on economic and political matters.

　　In the news columns, however, the complete and unbiased facts should be reported. The better metropolitan newspapers and the great press associations usually can be relied on to keep their news impartial. But the less ethical publications often deliberately“color”the news to favor or oppose certain groups or movements.

(1)The author states that no modern newspaper ________.

[　　]

A．is free of propaganda

B．is controlled by big business interests

C．separates fact and opinion

D．operates according to a code of ethics

(2)According to the passage, all daily newspapers ________.

[　　]

A．have an editorial page

B．follow a code of ethics

C．are operated by an unbiased publisher

D．are supported by a big business organization

(3)According to the journalistic code of ethics, a newspaper must ________.

[　　]

A．accept only responsible advertisers

B．separate editorials from news

C．interpret news according to its editorial viewpoint

D．determine what the reader should know about the news

(4)According to the passage, a newspaper publisher may use the ________ editorial page to support.

[　　]

A．only the cause which is most popular

B．any cause supported by the advertisers

C．any cause he believes in

D．only the cause of the owners

(5)Newspapers have entered the category of large business organizations because of ________.

[　　]

A．their influence on the reading public

B．their reports of stock market activity

C．the millions of papers sold daily

D．the tremendous costs of production

　　A good reader is one who can read beyond the lines, seeing ideas implied through the words, and one who can bridge the gap between the obvious and the suggested, thus obtaining much more information. Let's look at the following sentence: JOHN HENDERSON WAS DRIVING HOME LATE LAST NIGHT FROM AN EXHAUSTING BUSINESS TRIP. As you might have realized, this is the opening sentence of a story. It tells the reader whom the story is about--John Henderson, and when the event takes place--late one night. If we read carefully and thoughtfully we can also infer from this sentence that:

　　1. John Henderson may be a businessman because he has just finished a “business trip”.

　　2. John Henderson must be very tired because the trip is“exhausting”.

　　3. John Henderson must be very eager to get home because he is driving “late”at night right after this exhausting（精疲力尽）trip.

　　Making inferences while reading will always help us achieve a better comprehension. But we should keep in mind that inferences must be made with care and supported by evidence. In order to make reasonable inferences we should:

　　1. Read and think beyond the printed words.

　　2. Analyze the information given in the text.

　　3. Determine the author's reason for his choice of words.

(1)According to the author, a good reader ________.

[　　]

A．can read between the lines

B．should have a large vocabulary

C．knows enough grammar rules

D．must have a good knowledge of the author

(2)From the quoted sentence, you know John Henderson was most likely ________.

[　　]

(3)From the quoted sentence, you know John Henderson had a(an) ________.

[　　]

(4)When the author asks us to make inferences while reading, he intends to say ________.

[　　]

(5)The best topic of the passage is ________.

[　　]