阅读理解

　　PALOALTO, California--Turning off the television may help prevent children from getting fatter, even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount of their exercise.”US researchers said last week.

　　A study of 192 third and fourth graders, generally aged eight and nine, found that children who cut the number of hours spent watching television gained nearly two pounds, or 0.91 kilogram less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet.

　　“The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of the reducing of watching TV and not any other activity,”said Thomas Robinson, a pediatrician (儿科专家)at Stanford University.

　　“American children spend an average of more than four hours per day watching television and videos and playing video games, and rates of childhood being fat have doubled over the past 20 years,”Robinson said.

　　In the study, presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies annual meeting in San Francisco, the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one-third.

　　Children watching fewer hours of television showed a smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continued their normal television viewing, even though neither group ate a special diet nor took part in any extra exercise.

　　“One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unattracted to the television may simply have been moving around more and burning off calories.”said Robinson.

　　“Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals than in front of the television. Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more,”Robinson said.

1．In the first two paragraphs the writer tells us that ________.

[　　]

A．children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TV

B．children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TV

C．children will get fatter if they eat too much

D．children will get thinner only if they take extra exercises

2．According to the passage, the time American children usually spend watching TV ________.

[　　]

A．is more than four hours a day

B．is more than on any other activities

C．is less than four hours a day

D．doubled in the last twenty years

3．It is suggested that the time children spend watching every day should be about ________.

[　　]

4．Why can watching TV increase kids' weight according to the passage?

[　　]

A．They usually burn off fewer calories though they eat less.

B．They usually eat more when they are watching television.

C．They change their diet while watching TV.

D．They have been moving around.

阅读理解

　　In the opinion of many Americans and Europeans, we only began to really explore (探索) our world in the sixteenth century. According to them, the sailors of the ancient world didn't explore distant parts of the world, they did not have the necessary skills for long sea journeys. However, the people who have the opinion are forgetting two important facts of history.

　　First, sometimes early scientists have an idea which is correct, but scientists in later centuries do not believe it. For example, at about 270 B. C, a Greek scientist had an idea which we all believe today. The earth moves around the sun. But for the following 1,600 years scientists did not believe this. In their opinion, the sun clearly moved around the earth. They discovered the truth again only in the fifteenth century!

　　The second fact of history that many people forget is this: Ancient does not mean primitive. For example, the ancient Egyptians knew a great deal about the stars, and they used this knowledge to find their way across the oceans. Two thousand years ago a Greek scientist who lived in Egypt calculated the distance around the earth. The results of his calculations were close to the real distance we know today! So the ancients had a great deal of scientific knowledge. They also had skills which equaled the skills of today. For example, 1300 years ago and before, fishermen in Ireland built their boats of wood and leather. Today some fishermen in Ireland still make boats of the same design. They use tools and materials which are not very different from the tools and materials which their ancestors used. Why? The ancient design of the boats was good, and with skillful sailors, these boats can still sail in all of weather.

　　Clearly long before the sixteenth century, people had the skill, the and the equipment which were necessary for long journeys by sea. The world did not have to wait.

1．According to the writer, men began to explore our world ________.

[　　]

2．The underlined word“primitive”(in Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.

[　　]

3．The fact that modern fishermen in Ireland still make boats of the old design suggests that ________.

[　　]

A．people today are not creative

B．the building materials are easy to get

C．they don't have the money for more expensive boats

D．ancient people could be skillful and knowledgeable

4．The example of paragraph 2 is used to ________.

[　　]

A．prove that the earth moves round the sun

B．show that truth will finally be accepted

C．emphasize (强调) scientific achievement of ancient people

D．make fun of people in our times

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中选出最佳选项。

　　Lisa is a good example of a student in shock (冲击). She is a beautiful clever twenty-year-old college junior at a state university. She was a straight-A student in high school and a member of the basketball and softball teams there. Now, only three years later, Lisa is sad and miserable. She has changed her major (专业) four times and is forced to hold down two part-time jobs in order to pay her tuition (学费). She suffers from sleeping and eating disorders; she has no close friends. Sometimes she burst out crying for no apparent (明显的) reason.

　　What is happening to Lisa happens to millions of college students each year. As a result, roughly one quarter of the student population at any time will suffer from symptoms (症状) of depression (消沉). Of that group, almost half will experience depression serious enough to call for professional (专业的) help. But many put that idea aside, for they don't want people to think there's something wrong with them.

　　There are three reasons why today's college students are suffering more than in earlier generations. First is a weakening family support structure. Today, with high divorce (离婚) rates and many parents experiencing their own psychological difficulties, the traditional family is not always available for guide and support.

　　Another problem is financial (金融的) pressure. In the last decade tuition costs have shot up about sixty-six percent at public colleges and ninety percent at private schools. At the same time there has been a cutback in state aid to students. College loans (贷款) are now much harder to get. As a result, most students must work at least part-time.

　　A final cause of student shock is the large selection of majors available. Because of the importance and difficulty of choosing a major, college can prove to be a time of great indecision. Many students change majors. As a result, it is becoming commonplace to take five or six years to get a degree. It can be depressing to students to be faced with the additional tuition costs.

1．What is the passage mainly about?

[　　]

A．Lisa has not enjoyed college because her life is full of difficulties.

B．Going to college is a depressing experience for many students

C．Problems caused by stress are increasing in colleges.

D．Colleges should increase their advising services.

2．Which of the following best expresses the main ides of paragraph 1?

[　　]

A．Lisa cries frequently.

B．Lisa cannot decide on a major.

C．Lisa feels she has lost all her good friends.

D．Lisa is experiencing difficult problems with herself.

3．The writer implies (暗含) that some students who suffer from great depression ________.

[　　]

A．are unwilling to get professional help

B．should drop out of college

C．have never done well in school

D．can always deal with it on their own

4．The writer supports his point that college life has become more difficult for students with ________.

[　　]

A．quotations (引语) from experts

B．statistics (统计数学) and reasons

C．personal experiences

D．information taken from a survey of college dropouts

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中选出最佳选项。

If you have made an agreement to go out to eat with someone, you should be clear who is paying. If the other suggests you have lunch with him or her, you might simply say something like this:“I'm afraid it'll have to be some place inexpensive as I have very little money.”The other person may say,“OK, I'll meet you at McDonald's.”This means it is agreed that each person pays for his own meal, i. e. that you “go Dutch”. If the person says,“Oh, no. I'll take you to lunch in a little restaurant I like very much,”it means that the person wants to pay the bill for both of you. If you feel friendly towards this person, there's no reason why you should not accept this invitation by simply saying “Thank you. That would be very nice.”If a person invites you to his or her home for a meal, it's understood that person is paying. If you invite someone to your home, it's understood that you are buying the food. If you want to invite someone out for lunch, you must also make yourself clear by saying, perhaps,“I'd like to take you to lunch tomorrow at the Hostess Inn Coffee Shop”(meaning you plan to buy the food) or“let's have lunch together tomorrow at Burger King. It's on me.”American women used to expect men to pay for all meals, but today most women will pay for themselves. However, you should always make your position clear. Being clear is the polite thing to do. It is lack of clarity (明了) that causes loss of face in this situation.

1．According to the passage, if someone asks you to go out to eat, ________.

[　　]

A．it shows he wants to pay for you

B．it doesn't necessarily meant that he wants to pay for you

C．you should ask him to go out to eat next time

D．you should refuse him if you don't like him

2．The underlined part“go Dutch”means ________.

[　　]

A．each paying for himself

B．buying the food at a store

C．paying for the two of you

D．going to some inexpensive place

3．Which of the following is true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Men are expected to pay for women when they are eating out.

B．One should accept another person's invitation if he isn't one's good friend.

C．“It's on me.”means“I'll pay for the meal.”

D．If you are invited to someone's house for a meal, you should bring some gifts.

3．In order not to lose face, ________.

[　　]

A．one should try to pay for others

B．one should not eat out without carrying a lot of money

C．one shouldn't let a woman pay for him

D．one should make oneself clear and understood

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中选出最佳选项。

　　In the past few decades, the popular belief (相信) has been that happy workers are better workers. However, new research at the University of Alberta shows sad workers are more productive.

　　Psychologist Dr. Robert Sinclair and his former Ph. D student Carrie Lavis recently did a series (系列) of four studies on the effects of happiness or sadness on work productivity (生产率) by asking the workers to build circuit boards (电路板). In the first study, sad people made fewer mistakes than happy people did, about half the number of mistakes, but there was no difference in the number of boards completed.

　　In similar studies Sinclair and Lavis found the same results along with fact that happy people might not devote as much energy to the task in order to keep their happy moods (情绪). They thought of that task as something that might take away from their present feelings. On the contrary, sad people appeared to be devoting energy to the task in order to draw away themselves from their sad feelings.“It is important to know that the moods were not with the task,”said Sinclair, “Unhappiness is coming from something else.”

　　These finding are not surprising, said Sinclair, since there has been a growing body of literature (文学) in the area of social psychology (心理学) showing that sad moods lead to more deep thought and often more thoughtful or right judgements.

In Sinclair's studies afterwards, when people believed that the task would make them feel good, they devoted more energy to the job. The bottom line, which must be accepted, said Sinclair, is that it is important for organizations to consider the feelings of their employees (雇员). It seems it could be useful to create situations that lead people to believe that performing their jobs will cause them to feel good—this could cause increases in motivation (动机) and excellent performance.

1．In the passage the writer seems to suggest that ________.

[　　]

A．the company should try to make workers realize their jobs will make them feel good

B．the company should try as much as possible to make the workers feel happy

C．workers should devote more energy to their work when they are sad

D．workers should give excellent performance in their jobs

2．When the task makes sad workers feel good, they are ________.

[　　]

A．unlikely to feel sad again

B．likely to draw themselves from the sad moods

C．unlikely to make any error

D．likely to make more errors

3．In the last paragraph, the underlined phrase“the bottom line” means ________.

[　　]

A．the last important point

B．the result of the research

C．the fact you must accept

D．the lowest line

4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

[　　]

A．A meaningful research.

B．Creating pleasant situation for workers.

C．Moods are connected with workers' performance.

D．Sad workers may make better workers.

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中选出最佳选项。

While it is impossible to live completely free of stress (压力), it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it cannot be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.

When you are nervous, angry or upset, try to let off the pressure through exercise of physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis, or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. Physical exercise will relieve (减轻) your anxiety and worry and help you to relax. Your body and your mind will work together to ease the stress in your life.

It helps to talk to someone about your anxieties and worries. Perhaps a friend, family member, teacher or even your leader can help you get a better view of what's troubling you. If you feel your problem is serious, you might look for professional help from a psychologist (心理学者) or a doctor. Knowing when to ask for help is an important step in avoiding serious problems later.

You should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. If you easily get angry and cannot sleep very well, or if you're not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful situations. If stress keeps repeatedly getting You to sleep badly, you should visit a doctor.

Schedule time for both work and entertainment (娱乐). Don't forget that play can be just as important to your overall well-being (健康) as work. You need a break from your daily routine (惯例) just to relax and have fun. Go window-shopping or work on a hobby. Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy.

Stress can result from disorganization and a feeling that“there's so much to do, and not enough time”. Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result, you may not achieve anything. Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completed. Set out to do the most important task at first.

A good cry can be a healthy way to bring relief (减轻) of your anxiety. It might even help you avoid a headache or other physical effect of anxiety or stress.

1．What is most probably the writer's purpose in writing the passage?

[　　]

A．To have more people cry out.

B．To help solve the problem of stress.

C．To release his or her working pressure.

D．To reduce his or her anxiety.

2．Physical activity can help people release stress in that ________.

[　　]

A．only your body movement can help you relax

B．your body and mind can work together in releasing stress

C．your mind can work better to free you of anxiety

D．physics can always play an important part in reducing nervousness

3．What is the similar thing between“Share your stress”and“Go ahead and cry”?

[　　]

A．They both need physical movement.

B．They both help you let out your feelings.

C．They can help you live an orderly life.

D．They both require mental relaxation.

4．The sentence“Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result, you may not achieve anything.”is close to the meaning of ________.

[　　]

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中选出最佳选项。

　　Every country has its heroes. They may be soldiers or sports people, doctors or film stars. We admire them for their courage, their strength, their devotion to duty or their talent. Their example encourages us to live better, to work harder.

　　Terry Fox was a young student who loved life and who loved sports. When he was just 18 years old a terrible tragedy occurred: his right leg had to be cut off because of cancer. Such an experience would have destroyed a weaker person, but Terry Fox was a fighter. He refused to give up. Instead, while he was recovering from the operation, an idea slowly formed in his mind. He decided he would run across Canada, in order to raise money for cancer research.

　　Slowly and carefully, he began to train. Every step was extremely painful, but he insisted, increasing the distance covered day by day. Sixteen months later, in the spring of 1980, he was ready for the long journey across Canada—his Marathon of Hope. It was a time of courage and heart-breaking emotion. Through television, every home saw his particular way of running, a kind of half-hop and half-run. Thousands of people lined the route to encourage him and to wish him well. They also gave money for fighting cancer. Then, on September the first 1980, after 143 days and more than 5000 kilometres completed, everything came tragically to an end. Terry had to stop. He lived on for another nine months and died on June 18th, 1981. He was almost 23.

1．Having read the passage, you can learn that the author ________ Terry Fox.

[　　]

2．Terry Fox decided to run across Canada because ________.

[　　]

A．a terrible tragedy occurred to him at the age of 18

B．he had his courage, his strength, and his devotion to his country

C．he had his right leg cut off because of cancer

D．he wanted to help others who suffer from diseases similar to his

3．Difficult as it was, Terry Fox ran his journey ________

[　　]

A．with few people supporting him.

B．without receiving any money from people.

C．with few people watching him on TV.

D．without thinking of himself at all.

4．The underlined word“tragically”(in Paragraph 3) means ________.

[　　]

阅读理解

　　Professor Barrow's house, big and untidy, stood alone at one end of a huge garden. The place was totally uncared for, quite wild and overgrown with all sorts of useless things. I fought my way through bushes and tall weeds to the front door and rang the bell.

　　I was glad that I had found him. In twenty minutes he put me right on all the points that had puzzled me. As I got ready to leave, I looked out d his study window and said,“You're very fond of gardening, I see,”

　　“No, I'm not,”he said.“But even so, I love this garden. It's as I always wanted it to be. I never touch it at all.”

　　“It could be made lovely. It seems a pity to let all this ground go to waste. But perhaps you don't see it that way?”

　　“I don't. I lived here when I was a child, and I had more than enough of gardening then. It was my father's hobby, you see. Unfortunately, he wasn't fit enough to do it himself. My brother and I did all of it between us—with a spade (铁锹) and a fork, year after year. There was one right way and many wrong ways. Each blade of grass was an enemy to be rooted out by hand, not just cut off. I've spent a good part of life at work here.”

　　“I see. You took a dislike to it, and now you're getting even (平衡的)!”

　　“I disliked it. That's putting it mildly (说得婉转些). Then, of course, I didn't understand the effect it had. It used to worry me. It appeared in my dreams—a mistake here, something not quite straight there, the enemy showing its head in a place I was supposed to have cleaned. The work was too much. It seemed endless. The size of the place was itself a fight to a boy.”

　　“And now it's yours, you're just letting it go to…”

　　“Ruin?”he said.“No, I don't agree with that. This garden and I are now the best friends. I like watching it grow in its own way. I make no demands on it. I never interfere with (干扰) it, and it never interferes with me. It has freedom at last, and so have I.”

　　“But the path is overgrown. It's inconvenient for you, isn't it?”

　　“That's part of my pleasure,”he laughed.“You can go out the backway. The weeds are shorter there because they don't get the sun.”

1．How did the professor feel about gardening when he was a child?

[　　]

A．He liked his father's wild, overgrown garden.

B．He was glad to be able to help his sick father.

C．He was beginning to dislike it.

D．He just hated it.

2．Which of the following is true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．The professor never worked in the garden at all now.

B．The writer thought of the path as part of his pleasure.

C．Barrow and his brother had to take root in the garden.

D．The professor and the writer talked about gardening for 20 minutes.

3．At night young Barrow used to dream that ________.

[　　]

A．he let the garden grow in its own way

B．the garden grew too large for him

C．he had done some work in one of the many wrong ways

D．enemies appeared suddenly in the garden and cut off their grass

4．In what way did the garden have“freedom at last”?

A．The main way was through friendship with Barrow.

B．There was no one to control how it grew.

C．Barrow was free to do what he liked with the garden.

D．Only the front garden, where the sun shone, was free.

阅读理解

　　Though your parents probably meant to have your name last a lifetime, remember that when they picked it they'd hardly met you, end the hopes and dreams they cared for when they chose it may not match yours. If your name no longer seems to fit you, don't lose heart. Film stars change their names, and with some determinations, you can, too.

　　If you wish to pick up a new name, you don't need to make the switch (转换) official. Under common law, all that is necessary is to start using the name of your choice. Remember, though, that you must use it everywhere—even with your mother—for it has become your legal name.

　　Getting friends and fellow-workers to call you Leach instead of Lola may be harder than any paperwork involved (相关的), and you'll probably meet official resistance (阻力) too. But be sure that no law can prevent you from using whatever name you've chosen, provided that it's not for purpose if cheating. If the gas company tells you that you cannot get your bill under a new name, they're wrong. You don't have to show them any sort of court document (法庭公文). You have a right to be called by whatever name you choose.

　　By this time, you've probably realized that changing Your name is more complicated than changing your furniture or your hair color, though the effect can be unusually encouraging. Don't be too concerned if you have to keep reminding others of your change of a new name—keep on, and friends and lover will accept your new name. Good luck!

1．You may wish to change your name because ________.

[　　]

A．you don't mean to have your name last a lifetime

B．you like to follow what film stars often do

C．you may not like your parents' choice

D．you are forced to do so

2．If you want to start using the name of your own choice, you ________.

[　　]

A．don't have to be given permission by anybody

B．need to be permitted officially(官方地)

C．must get your friends to call you by it first

D．must use it with your mother first

3．No law keeps you from using whatever name you have chosen if only ________.

[　　]

A．some sort of court document is given to you

B．the gas company agrees to get your bill under your new name

C．you can get your fellow workers to call you the new name

D．you pick up a new name not for purpose of wrong doing

4．The purpose in writing the passage is to ________.

[　　]

A．list all the difficulties in changing one's name

B．encourage you if you want to change your name

C．show you the need to change your name

D．tell you how easy it is to change one's name

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中选出最佳选项。

　　So you have been called for an interview—well done! Your effort has been paid off. Now to get the job. You will feel better at the interview if you show an understanding of the nature of the organization.

　　Ask someone who already does it, or check it out with one of the CES advisers.

　　Arrange (安排) with a member of family or a friend to act as the employer (雇主) and to give you an unreal interview. But as realistic as possible, answer the questions seriously. Afterwards discuss how it went.

　　Think about how the employer would prefer to see you look. Remember the majority of employers are over 30.

　　It is not wise to rush out and buy new clothes which will be worn for the first time at the interview. You'll feel more at ease in a familiar garment.

　　Carelessness in any of these could cost you the job. Arrive at least 15 minutes before time. This will give you a chance to have a look around, read the notice board and get the feel of the place. Lateness at interviews creates a bad impression. The first impression the interviewer gets of you is formed as you walk through the door, so take a couple of deep breathes. He ready to shake hands if the interviewer offers, and don't take a seat until asked. Then sit comfortably.

　　Make eye contact when you are and again if you shake hands, and during questioning. Eye contact is a form of non-verbal (非语言交际的)greeting. It opens up the communication channel.

　　Remember the interviewer's name and use it from time to time.

　　Be ready for the question“Was there anything you wanted to ask?”Before the interview you should get ready for two or three such questions. Look on these not just as a chance to get information but as a means to improve your prospects (展望) in the employer's estimation (估计). Asking can show knowledge and avoid asking about holidays, pension and so on. It looks as if you're tired even before you begin. You can check on these later, when the hoped-for job is offered.

　　And if you fail, look upon the interview as an experience in itself. Learn from it. We wish you good luck and good job hunting.

1．Before you go to see the employer, it's better for you to ________.

[　　]

A．have your hair cut

B．put on your newly-bought clothes

C．buy some modern and beautiful ties, shoes, and so on

D．find a garment which you've got used to

2．To create a good impression is ________ when you have an interview.

[　　]

3．Eye contacts mean ________.

[　　]

A．you shake hands with the employer again and again

B．a way of getting a wonderful job

C．a kind of greeting without any words

D．you and your employer look at each other for a long time

4．Which of the following statements is NOT true?

[　　]

A．You can't shake hands unless the interviewer offers.

B．You can't ask the interviewer any questions.

C．You should arrive at least a quarter of an hour before time.

D．Don't ask questions about your vacation, your income, etc.

5．Which of the following can be the best tide for the passage?

[　　]

A．The Interview.

B．An Introduction to Your New Job.

C．A Talk with Your Friend.

D．An Advertisement.