There are different forms of color blindness. In some cases a man can not see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green—a strange world indeed.

Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions of very small things called “cones”. These help us to see in a bright light and to tell difference between colors. There are also millions of “rods” but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shape but no color.

Some insects have favorite colors. Mosquitoes（蚊子）like blue but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects, but a blue lamp will. In a similar way human beings also have favorite colors. Yet we are lucky. With the aid of the cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colors by day, and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night. One day we may even learn more about the invisible（看不见的）colors around.

1. According to the passage, with the help of the “cones”, we can________.

A. tell orange from yellow

B. see in weak light

C. kill mosquitoes

D. tell different shapes

2. Why do some people say it is safer to be driven by women?

A. Women are more careful.

B. There are fewer color-blind women.

C. Women are fonder of driving than men.

D. Women are weaker but quicker in thinking.

3. We can attract and kill mosquitoes by using a_____.

A. red light　　　　   B. yellow light

C. blue light　　　　    D. green light

Shortly before 1800, half a million Americans were living in the おwest of the Allegheny Mountains. The settlers in the towns and villages there needed trade. In order to get trade, they had to send their flour, tobacco, and whisky by water. There were no usable roads to the eastern cities and ports. The entire Mississippi, except its mouth at New Orleans, was open to the settlers. Spain owned New Orleans and the great Louisiana Territory to the west of the river. The western settlers solved their problem by getting the “right of deposit” from Spain. This gave the settlers the right to unload goods at New Orleans and put it in warehouses before shipping it to the east.

1. Before 1803, the United States_______.

A. was as strong as France

B. was the strongest country in the world

C. was not so powerful as it is today

D. was the largest country in the world

2. At that time people in the western United States mainly lived by_______.

A. farming　　　　　　   B. fishing

C. traveling　　　　　　  D. hunting

3. To the Americans at that time, the purpose of the purchase was______.

A. to develop the resources of the area

B. to help the French government

C. to enlarge its area

D. to make the western people trade easily

4. From this passage we can find that the Mississippi River goes________.

A. from France to America

B. from east to west

C. from island to the sea

D. from America to France

Canadians are proud to have a political system that is different from that in the U.S. In Canada, as in the U.S., there is a time difference between the east and west coasts. This means that voting in the east of the country ends four hours before the west. In Canada, there is an election law which says that no one can publicize the result of the exit survey before voting ends in every province. Some 13 million Canadians voted in 2000. The voting papers are counted by hand, not by machine. In 2000, all the counting was done within a few hours of the end of the voting.

Voters elect Members of Parliament（下议院）from districts called ridings（选区）. The party with the largest number of Members of Parliament (MPs) forms the government, and that party chooses its leader, who becomes the Prime Minister.

Canada has ten provinces and two territories（领地）, but most of the 31 or more million Canadians live close to the border with the U.S.A. One third of the population live in the most developed province of Ontario（安大略）, and elect 101 seats out of the 301 seats in the House of Parliament.

In the recent election, there were two main parties—the Liberal Party and the Canadian Alliance. The Liberal Party, which has been in power since 1993, gets votes from the political center and is neither right-wing nor leftwing. It is strong in the east of the country and, in fact, in 2000 won 173 seats in Parliament.

The Canadian Alliance is strong and getting stronger in the western Canadawhere it won most of the seats. It is a right-wing party. The political difference between the east and west is a cultural difference. Eastern Canada was settled by Europeans in the early days, while people moved west much later. The east is older, the west younger.

Canada does not have a President. The Head of State is Britain’s Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ, who is represented by a governor-general. The present governor-general is a woman, Adrienne Clarkson. She is of Chinese origin.

1. From the passage we can infer that the author tends to think_____.

A. people pay too much attention to the American elections

B. Adrienne has nothing to do with Chinese

C. it is necessary to know some knowledge of Canadian elections

D. the Canadian political system is better than of the U.S.A

2. It is forbidden by law in Canadian elections_______.

A. to declare the voting result ahead of time

B. to form a government without winning 173 seats in Parliament

C. to form a government without winning half of seats in Parliamentお

D. to do vote counting beyond a few hours

3. Why did the Canadian Alliance fail in the election in 2000?

A. Most provinces did not support it.

B. It didn’t win more than half of Members of Parliament.

C. The population in the west of the country was smaller than that in the east.

D. It didn’t try to get votes from the people in the Canadian east.

4. The best title of this passage may be_______.

A. Different Politics in Canada and America

B. The Main Parties in Canada

C. How to Vote in Canada

D. The Canadian Elections

One should be careful, however, of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction（分散注意力）to others. Examination of reasons connected with the historical development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

The last century saw a gradual increase in literacy（读写能力）and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of listeners dropped, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the popularity of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, trains and offices, where reading aloud would disturb other readers in a way.

Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its advantages are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media（媒介）on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.

By the end of the century students were being advised to have some new ideas of books and to use skills in reading them which were not proper, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological developments in the century had greatly changed what the term “reading” referred to.

1. Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?

A. Because silent reading had not been discovered.

B. Because there were few places for private reading.

C. Because few people could read for themselves.

D. Because people depended on reading for enjoyment.

2. The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century showed_______.

A. a change in the position of literate people

B. a change in the nature of reading

C. an increase in the number of books

D. an increase in the average age of readers

3. Educationalists are still arguing about__________.

A. the importance of silent reading

B. the amount of information provided by books and newspapers

C. the effects of reading on health

D. the value of different types of reading material

4. What is the writer of this passage attempting to do?

A. To explain how present day reading habits developed.

B. To change people’s way to read.

C. To show how reading methods have improved.

D. To encourage the growth of reading.

  “Then let’s make it.” Waller went to the man’s table and whispered to him, “Please tell your boss that the funny man Waller’s hen gave birth to a baby.”

  Three days later a letter reached Mr. Waller in which were $100 and a piece of yellow paper with the words, “Mr. Waller, you have succeeded—When I repeated your %100—worth sentence, my boss burst into frightening laughter,用saying that who ever has managed to make him laugh during the business hours will get dismissed(解雇)”！

1．Waller often went to coffee houses to tell people interesting stories in order to　　   .

A. make money　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  B. practice telling stories

C. enjoy himself　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  D. draw the secretary’s attention

2．The secretary asked Waller for a most funny story because he　　   .

A. was tired of his boss’s seriousness

B. tried to please his serious boss with it

C. wanted to improve his working conditions

D. wanted to  see his boss’s laughing face

3．Saying “Let’s make it”. Waller　　   .

A. was sure of his success

B. thought of nothing but the 100-dollar return

C. knew that he could make fun of the secretary

D. wondered whether he could make the boss smile or not

4．Which of the following ends is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The boss was never so strict with the secretary from then on.

B. the secretary lost his job in the office

C. the secretary dare not make his boss laugh any longer..

D. Mr. Waller was dismissed at last.

5．The best title for the passage is　　   .

A. Things Went Opposite to Wishes

B. Satisfying Both Sides

C. Killing Two Birds with One Stone

D. Either Is in His Proper Place

The following are for forms about medicine

  How to use the medicine is very important Never take some by mistake.

  Take the medicine with water, followed by one tablet every eighty hours, as required. For further nighttime and early morning,. Take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in 24 hours. For children of six to twelve years old, give half the adult dosage. For children under six years old, come to your doctor for advice. Reduce dosage if nervousness, restlessness or sleeplessness lakes place.

Each pill of the medicine each time taken three times every day for fourteen years old and above. As usual, a pill 6:30 a.m., before breakfast, one before 11:00 and one before sleep. Not for children under six years old and old persons with heart- attack.

  The medicine for a person with a fever. Once two polls a day before sleep for adult. Not take the medicine without fever. Half for children under 12 years old. Children with a high fever, go to see a doctor 

Take medicine three times a day, once four pills for adult with a cold. Half of the pills or less for children under10years old. Take the medicine before breakfast, lunch, and supper or before sleep.

  Tablet药片，pill药丸，dosage测量

1．If one adult with fever requires to get rid of pain, it’s suggested that he　　   .

A. take three tablets before sleep

B. stop to take another pill

C. take two tablets before sleep

D. go to see a doctor at once

2．Obviously a kind of medicine can’t be proper for　　   , judging from the information.

A. children over twelve years old

B. some adults over 18 years old

C. some old persons with heart attack

D. neither adults nor children

3．When a ten-year-old has a cold, he had better　　   u.

A. have about more than fourteen pills a day

B. have twice a day

C. have for times a day

D. have nine pills a day

4．How many kinds of medicine are used for the children of six years old according to the passage?

A. All of tem.

B. Three kinds of medicine

C. Two kinds of medicine

D. Almost not any medicine

  If a person faints while standing, lay him down. If his face is pale, lift his feet .if he is sitting down when he faints, place his head between his knees, loosen any tight clothing that might keep him from breathing easily. If possible, place a wet cloth on his forehead.

1．People may faint if they　　   .

A. see their friends in the street

B. see something unexpected

C. see something splendid

D. see something happy

2．If someone has fainted, we must help him　　    .

A. not to be shocked

B. by moving himself slowly

C. not to be frightened

D. by returning blood to his brain

3．If someone faints, the best way is to　　   .

A. make him sit down

B. make him lie down

C. make him not surprised

D .give him some blood

4．Raise a fainting person’s feet if　　   .

A. he sees others hurt

B. he is in a room that is hot and stuffy

C. his face looks pale

D. he is standing

5．In this passage, the writer explains　　    .

A. why people faint and how we help them

B. when people faint and when we help them

C. why people faint and where we help them

D. how people faint and why we help them

To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If , in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue-gray color, and you can feel no pulse(脉搏),then pressing is the last chance of saving his life

With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don’t be too hard or you may break a rib(肋骨). Check how effective you are seeing if his color improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.

1．This passage is mainly about　　   .

A. how to save people out of the water

B. how to give first aid to people who are drowning

C. how to do mouth-to-mouth breathing

D. how to save a child from a river

2．Once you get a drowning man out of the water, if he isn’t breathing, you must first　　    .

A. get him breathing again

B. take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible

C. find someone to help you

D. call the First Aid Center

3．In the last paragraph, the word “rescue” means　　　　 .

A. breath　　　　   B. help　　    C. doctor　　　　  D. pulse

4．If the drowning boy has no pulse,　　　　 .

A. pressing his chin upwards is enough to get him breathing

B. blowing air into his mouth is sure to save his life

C. pressing his nostrils together with your fingers can work

D. pressing is the last chance of saving his life

5．Which of the following statements is true?

A. If a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.

B. If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth-to-mouth breathing.

C. Don’t stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.

D. When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.

We shall not drown if we remember these rules:

1. Never 　　 swim alone.
2. Never 　　 swim at a beach if there is no lifeguard.
3. Never 　　 swim after a meal or when you feel hungry.
4. Never 　　 rely on rings, floats or other swimming aids. You may lose them or they 　　 may let you sink.
5. Do 　　 not stay in the water too long, especially if it is cold.
6. Before 　　 you dive, be sure that the water is deep enough and that you will not hit 　　 anybody.
7. Never 　　 go out in a boat if you can’t swim or if you are not wearing a life 　　 jacket.

If you fall into difficulty, this is that you should do:

1.　　   Keep calm. Save your strength and breath.

2.　　   Try to float on your back or tread(踩)water. To tread water, move your feet as if you are climbing some stairs.

3.　　   Raise your right arm for help.

Remember: A red flag means that it is dangerous for all swimmers to enter the water. A blue flag means that it is dangerous for children and weak swimmers to enter the water.

1．When you see a red flag, you know that　　   .

A. no one should swim there

B. anyone may swim there

C. only strong swimmers should swim there

D. children should swim there

2．We can go swimming   　　.

A. after a meal　　　　　　　　　　　　  B. if we have a ring

C. in deep cold water　　　　　　　　　　 D. with our friends

3．We should dive only when　　    .

A. the water is deep enough

B. the water is warm

C. the water is cold

D. we are not alone

4．What the writer wants to say is 　　　　.

A. rings and floats are of no use

B. boats are not safe

C. we must be very careful in swimming

D. swimming is a bad sport

5．We should　　   when in difficulty.

A. hold our breath

B. keep calm and let other know

C. put up our arms

D. be silent

　　A．slows down all the time

　　B．speeds up all the time

　　C．speeds up part of the time and slows down part of the time

　　D．moves at a constant speed

　　2．As the diagram shows, there is a fixed superconductor ring, on the right of which lies a bar magnet. There is no electric current. When the magnet is moved to the right, because of electro-magnetic, induction, a certain electric current is produced. Thus the direction of the electric current is ________.

　　A．as indicated by the arrowhead in the diagram. When the magnet is moved away, the electric current will soon disappear.

　　B．as indicated by the arrowhead in the diagram. When the magnet is moved away, the electric current will still remain.

　　C．in the opposite direction. When the magnet is moved away, the electric current will soon disappear.

　　D．in the opposite direction. When the magnet is moved away, the electric current will still remain.