Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.

One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine. Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot.

Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.

They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels.

The study appeared in the official scientific journal of the American Academy of Physical Medicine.

The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.

They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.

Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.

Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.

1.How many organizations are involved in the two studies?

    A. Three.               B. Four.                C. Five.                D. Six.

2.What can we learn from the text?

A. Most running shoes are designed improperly.

B. The design of high heels is better than that of running shoes.

C. No one will run with running shoes in the future.

D. Both of the studies are done in America.

3.Why do running shoes increase the risk of injuries to runners?

A. They could create stress. 

B. They’re too big and heavy.

C. They can affect the way the runners land.   

D. Their heels can soften landings.

4.How did the researchers do the two studies?

A. By practising.       B. By comparing.    C. By questioning. D. By reasoning.

A. You and Me, Baby

B. Ruff! Ruff! Where's Scruff?

C. The Giving Tree

D. Where the Wild Things Are

1.Little Tom who likes to read picture books with a hide-and-seek adventure will be likely to buy _____.

    A. Ruff! Ruff! Where’s Scruff?         B. You and Me, Baby    

    C. The Giving Tree                 D. Where the Wild Things Are

2.How much will you pay if you order three books named Where the Wild Things Are?

    A. $16.26               B$ 75               C. $ 50.58              D. $34.59

3.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?

    A. The language of four kinds of books is English.

    B. Four kinds of books are available at present.

    C. The cover of four kinds of books is hardcover.

    D. The reading level of four kinds of books are the same.

4.Where would this advertisement probably appear?

    A. In a children’s story-book         B. On the front page of a newspaper.

    C. On the Internet.                     D. In a popular magazine..  

Cellphone users in the United States have contributed more than $11 million to Haitian earthquake relief through text messages in what is being called as an unexpected mobile response to a natural disaster.

The Mobile Giving Foundation called it a “mobile-giving record” for funds raised for a single cause. Donations are rising swiftly, as former President Bill Clinton and other politicians urge the American people to give.

Jim Manis, chief officer of the organization helping to manage cellphone donations, said it was receiving up to 10,000 text messages per second. The foundation said more than $11 million has been donated.

Cellphone users can donate $5 to Haiti-born hip-hop musician Wyclef Jean’s Yele Haiti Earthquake Fund by texting the word “Yele” to 501501, or they can donate $10 to other nonprofit organizations, such as the American Red Cross, by texting the word “Haiti” to a specified number, like 90999.

The donation is charged to a user’s cellphone bill.

The American Red Cross said it has received more than $ 9 million in donations from more than 900,000 mobile phone users.

“It’s beyond our imagination that we’ve received this amount,” said spokeswoman Nadia Pontif.

Jean’s fund had raised $2 million via text messages, according to Give on the Go, Yele’s mobile application service provider.

The giving is also being fueled by the popularity of websites like Facebook and Twitter, where users are urging one another to make donations using cellphones.

Wireless carriers(无线运营商) Verizon Wireless, AT&T Inc., Sprint and T-Mobile USA, a unit of Deutsche Telekom AG, have waived(免收) fees for customers wishing to send mobile donations. Carriers are also letting users know they are not taking a cut of the donations.

“There are no text messaging fees and 100% of the $10 donation goes to the American Red Cross, and every carrier is working through a solution to push those funds out faster.” Verizon said in a statement.

1.A mobile phone user can donate some money to Haiti by texting the word _____ .

  A. “Yele” to 501501 to donate $10             B. “Haiti” to 90999 to donate $10

  C. “Yele” or “Haiti” to 501501 to donate $ 5    D. “Haiti” to the American Red Cross to donate $ 5

2.The underlined word “fueled” in the ninth paragraph most probably means “_____ ”.

  A. protected            B. discouraged          C. inspired             D. reflected

3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

  A. Facebook and Twitter are two relief organizations from the USA.

  B. Many American politicians force Americans to give donations to Haiti.

  C. The American Red Cross expected to receive much more donations.

  D. Carriers have promised not to take a share from the donation.

4.Which may be the best title for the passage?

  A. U.S. Texting Raises $11 Million for Haiti Earthquake

  B. An Unexpected Terrible Earthquake Hit Haiti

  C. The American Red Cross Offers Help to Haiti

  D. Wireless Carriers Donate $11 Million to Haiti

There’s talk today about how as a society we’ve become separated by colors, income, city vs suburb, red state vs blue. But we also divide ourselves with unseen dotted lines. I’m talking about the property lines that isolate us from the people we are physically closest to: our neighbors.

It was a disaster on my street, in a middle-class suburb of Rochester Town, several years ago that got me thinking about this. One night, a neighbor shot and killed his wife and then himself; their two middle-school children ran screaming into the night. Though the couple had lived on our street for seven years, my wife and I hardly knew them. We’d see them jogging together. Sometimes our children would share cars to school with theirs.

Some of the neighbors attended the funeral（葬礼）and called on relatives. Someone laid a single bunch of yellow flowers at the family’s front door, but nothing else was done to mark the loss. Within weeks, the children had moved with their grandparents to another part of the town. The only indication that anything had changed was the “For Sale” sign in front of their house.

A family had disappeared, yet the impact on our neighborhood was slight. How could that be? Did I live in a community or just in a house on a street surrounded by people whose lives were entirely separate? Few of my neighbors, I later learned, knew others on the street more than casually; many didn’t know even the names of those a few doors down.

Why is it that in an age of low long-distance expenses, discount airlines and the Internet, when we can create community anywhere, we often don’t know the people who live next door? Maybe my neighbors didn’t mind living this way, but I did. I wanted to get to know the people whose houses I passed each day – not just what they do for a living and how many children they have, but the depth of their experience and what kind of people they are.

What would it take, I wondered, to break through the barriers between us? I thought about childhood sleepovers（在外过夜）, and the familiar feeling and deep understanding I used to get from waking up inside a friend’s home. Would my neighbors let me sleep over and write about their lives from inside their own houses?

1.The underlined word “this” in the second paragraph probably refers to the talk about ____.

    A. how a society is divided by dotted lines  B. the property lines separating us from our neighbors

    C. the couple’s death                   D. understanding each other between neighbors

2.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the author’s description?

    A. The husband killed himself.

    B. The couple had the habit of jogging together.

    C. Their children moved to live with grandparents after the couple’s death.

    D. The author never knew the couple until they died seven years later.

3.From the last paragraph, we can infer that the author _____ in his childhood.

    A. had once slept in the open air outside

    B. had slept in his friend’s home more than once

    C. had slept at home but woke up to find himself inside his friend’s home

    D. used to live in his friend’s home

4.Following the last paragraph, the author will perhaps _____.

    A. leave his home and began his writing career

    B. sleep in the open air and write about his experiences

    C. sleep in his neighbors’ homes and write about their family lives

    D. interview his neighbors and write about their houses

阅读下面对话，掌握其大意，并根据所给首字母的提示，在标有题号的右边横线上写出一个英语单词的完整、正确形式，使对话通顺。

W: What do you hope to do after graduating?

M: I’d like to go into management. I’ve (1.)a_______ for several jobs

already. How about you?

W: After I finish ((2.)u_______, I have to do some more studies to pass

exams to become a lawyer. I think I’ve got a good chance of passing.

There’s a possibility of ((3.)g_______ a job with a firm in London,

provided that I do well.

M: We both have to ((4.)o_______ many difficulties if we are to achieve

our ambitions.

W: If life were easy, then we would achieve our ambition ((5.)q_______

and then get bored.

M: Unfortunately, some people are going to((6.)w_______ hard yet not succeed.

W: You can’t achieve something that’s totally unrealistic.

That’s ((7.)w_______ ambition needs to be realistic.

M: As long as you plan carefully, most things are possible. It’s always

good to have a backup plan in ((8.)c        things go wrong.

W: I think it’s important to be successful in a field you are truly

((9.)i_______ in, not something that other people force you to do.

M: My father wanted me to become a doctor, but I knew it would be

impossible for me.

W: I hope my ((10.)p_______ don’t try to interfere in my choice of career.

 假如你是杨方，你要竞选班长（class president），请根据以下内容写一篇竞选演讲词。

.1．你认为自己具备什么条件可以胜任班长工作？

.2．如果当选，你会为班级同学做些什么？

注意：词数120个左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Hello, everybody!

My name is Yang Fang. I’m glad to have this opportunity to tell you why you should vote for me as class president.

第一节　(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What was Mr Smith when the woman was a school teacher？

A.A teacher.　　　　　　　B.A student.　　　　　　C.A doctor.

2.What does the woman mean？

A. She has no time to see the computer.

B. She is eager to see the computer.

C. She wants the computer.

3.Why didn't the woman get the job？

A. She is not old enough.

B. She is not good at the job.

C. She is no longer young.

4.Where is the nearest bookstore？

A. On the opposite side of the road from the post office.

B. Next to the post office.

C. Far from the post office.

5.What can we learn from this dialogue？

A. They are talking about holidays.

B. The man will be waiting for her at 4.

C. The woman wants to visit the man tomorrow.

第二节　(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。

6.Where is the new sports center？

A. On Hill Road.  B. On Mill Street.  C. On Station Road.

7.What sport did the man do last week？

A. Swimming.    B. Basketball.     C. Table­tennis.

8.When will they go to the sports centre？

A. On Friday.    B. On Thursday.    C. On Wednesday.

听第7段材料，回答第9至10题。

9.What can we know from the conversation？

A. J.K.Rowling is an orphan.

B. The British writer has become rich by writing.

C. Mike is writing a novel now.

10.What will the woman probably do after the conversation？

A. Visit a bookstore.

B. Borrow the novel from the man.

C. Finish the novel as fast as possible.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.What is the relationship between Jack and the woman？

A. Brother and sister.  B. Husband and wife.  C. Mother and son.

12.Why is the woman angry with Jack？

A. He spends too much time on the computer.

B. He doesn't do his school work at all.

C. He won't follow the man's advice.

13.What does the woman ask the man to do？

A. To phone Jack's teacher.

B. To have a talk with Jack.

C. To help Jack with his lessons.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14.What can we know about Helen？

A. She is in New York now.

B. She was born in New York.

C. She will go home by train.

15.Who has booked the ticket for Helen？

A. The man.  B. Rose.  C. Helen herself.

16.When is Helen invited to dinner at the man's？

A. This Friday.  B. Next Sunday.  C. This Sunday.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.When did Alice make up her mind to be a nurse？

A. After she left school last year.

B. When she was just a little child.

C. When she began to study in a big hospital.

18.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？

A. Alice went to classes every day.

B. Alice hated to care for the old people.

C. Alice studied late at night.

19.What was Alice told to do one day？

A. To serve meals.

B. To bath the patients.

C. To clean the patients'false teeth.

20.How long did it take patients to find their teeth？

A. Half an hour.  B. One hour.  C. One hour and a half.

 Recently some studies have found that learning ___________ second language can lead to __________ increase in one’s brain power.

A. a; the          B. 不填; the          C. a; an            D. the; an

 Try the new cleaner. Just a few minutes every day－that’s all it takes－_________ you could have shining floors and furniture.

A. but              B. and           C. or           D. so

 Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could _____ his oral English before going abroad.

A. improve         B. to improve　　      C. improving         D. to improving