Why doesn’t the unemployment rate ever reach zero? Economists, who generally believe that supply tends to meet demand, have long thought about this question．Even in good times, i．e．not now, there are people who can’t find work．And even in bad times, i．e．now, there are job openings．With over 14 million people out of work and looking for a job, you would think every available job would be filled．But that’s not the case．Not now and not ever．　　

On Monday, the Nobel Prize committee awarded the prize for economics to the three scholars who have done the most to explain this phenomenon．Two of the winners are Americans, Peter Diamond of MIT and Dale Mortensen of Northwestern．The third winner is Christopher Pissarides, who teaches at the London School of Economics and was born on Cyprus．　　

Like most of economics, what they have found about why the jobless and ready-employers don’t find each other seems obvious．You have to find out there is job opening you are interested in．Employers need to get resumes （简历）．It takes a while for both employers and employees to make the decision that this is what they want．And these guys came up with a frame-work to study the problem of why people stay unemployed longer than they should and what can be done about it．　　

So what would today’s Nobel Prize winners do to solve the current problem of the unemployed? And does the awarding of the prize contribute to the politicians’ lowering joblessness?　　

Speaking from his north London home, Pissarides told The Associated Press the announcement came as “a complete surprise” though his work had already helped shape thinking on both sides of the Atlantic．　　For example, the New Deal for Young People, a British government policy aimed at getting 18-24-year-olds back on the job market after long periods of unemployment, “is very much based on our work,” he said．　　

“One of the key things we found is that it is important to make sure that people do not stay unemployed too long so they don’t lose their feel for the labor force,” Pissarides told reporters in London．“The ways of dealing with this need not be expensive training – it could be as simple as providing work experience．”

1.According to the writer, which is true about finding jobs?　　  

A．It is always difficult to find a job．　　

B．Everyone can find a job in good times．　　                        

C．Contrary to popular belief, it is easier to find a job in bad times．　　              

D．It is possible to find a job even in times as bad as now．

2.What is it that leads to their winning the prize?　　                         

       A．They have found the reason for unemployment．　　           

       B．They have put forward a set of ideas to deal with unemployment．　　           

       C．They have found out why people don’t want to be employed．　　                

       D．They have long studied the problem of unemployment．

3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?　　           

       A．Pissarides thinks his work surprising．　　                         

       B．The work of Pissarides has influenced many economists．　　                      

       C．Some of the winners’ ideas have been put into practice．　　

       D．It is probable that unemployed young people in Britain benefit from Pissarides’ work．

4.According to Pissarides, _________ is effective in dealing with unemployment．　　  A．spending large sums of money on training　　                    

       B．teaching some knowledge of economics　　                        

       C．providing work experience　　            

       D．keeping people unemployed for some time

You wake up in the morning，the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time．Then the telephone rings，you say hello, and the drama starts．The person on the other end has a depressing（令人沮丧的） tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to．Yon are still in a wonderful mood? Impossible!

Communicating with negative people can wash out your happiness．It may not change what you think，but communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time．

       Life brings ups and downs，but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer．They only feel glad when they make others feel bad．No wonder they can hardly win others’pity or respect．

       When you communicate with positive people，your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attracted．When the dagger（匕首）of a negative person is put in you, you feel the heavy feeling that all in all，brings you down．

       Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate with negative people．This could be a co-worker，or relative．In this case，say what needs to be said as little as possible．Sometimes it feels good to let out-your anger back to a negative person，but all this does is to lower you to that same negative level and they won’t feel ashamed of themselves about that．

       Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized．The negative words of another at the start of the day can cling to（附着）you throughout the rest of your day，which makes you feel bad and steals your happiness．Life is too short to feel negative．Stay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible．

1.The purpose of the first paragraph is to           ．

       A．make a comparison                           B．offer an evidence

       C．introduce a topic                                                              D．describe a daily scene

2.How can negative people have effect on us?

       A．By influencing our emotion．          B．By telling US the nature of life．

       C．By changing our way of thinking．     D．By comparing their attitude to life with ours．

3.Some negative people base their happiness on              ．

       A．other people’s pity for them                  B．making other people unhappy

       C．building up a positive attitude                D．other people’s respect for t hem

4.According to the passage， to reduce negative people’s influence on us，we are advised             ．

       A．to change negative people’s attitude to life

       B．to show our dissatisfaction to negative people

       C．to make negative people feel ashamed of themselves

       D．to communicate with negative people as little as possible

5.What can we learn about negativity?

       A．Its effect can last．

       B．Its effect can be completely avoided．

       C．It hardly happens among family members．

       D．Its effect is smaller than the effect created by a positive person．

根据对话内容,从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

---Can you help me?

---sure，what’s the problem？

---    1.

---Well, how about San Francisco? We went there last year and had a great time．

---   2.

---Well，there is Golden Gate Bridge of course, and Golden Gate Park．It’s a really big park．You can go for long walks or take a rest in the Japanese Tea Garden．It’s beautiful there．

---    3.

---There is also a place called Fisherman’s Wharf．That’s really popular with tourists．There are lots of shops, cafés and restaurants．And from there you can go on a boat trip to Alcatraz．You know, it’s a small but very beautiful island．

-----    4.

----- No, you can’t stay on the island; there aren’t any hotels．You can only go for the day．I think I’ve still got a book about San Francisco．I can lend it to you．

-----    5.

       A．What can you do there?

       B．Oh, great! What a great place to stay in!

       C．What an idea! What is the best time to go there?

       D．I can’t decide where to go for the holiday-----any ideas?

       E．Thanks a lot．San Francisco, here I come!

       F．Hmm, that sounds good．

       G．How can I go there?

1.There are some differences in         （发音） between British English and American English．

2.On May 12^th 2008,Sichuan was stricken by a terrible natural         （灾难）—earthquake．

3.Our school         （组织） trips to different places of interest every summer．

4.All the people          （在场的） are inspired deeply by his moving speech．

5.I went home          （立刻） I finished my work．

6.More than 90,000 persons were killed in the earthquake,        （包括） many pupils and students。

7.Many soldiers who lost their lives in wars were          （埋葬） near the village．

8.They go ____________（野营）in France every year while they are on holiday．

9.With his age         （考虑）, he has made a great achievement in the process．

10.Train services are back to _________（正常） again after the strike．

       此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：

       此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改。

It was a long time since we last saw each other．You can             1.

hardly imagine how I miss you ．How are you getting with           2.

your first job? I remember you once tell me you were eager             3.

to graduate and to become an English teacher．Now you must          4.

have many first--hand experience．How do you find your English        5.

teaching? Is teaching kids English as interested as you expected         6.

in college? And do your student enjoy your classroom teaching?         7.

Anyway, I believe you must very popular with the kids, for             8.

you are a born teacher．Hope you great success in your work! Yes,    9.

why not give me call and come for a get-together this weekend ?       10.

       假如你是李明，你的班里来了一位英国交换生Paul。他在和你的交谈中表示在中国学习压力很大。请你给他写封信，给他提一些建议。主要包括以下内容：

       1．请求老师和同学的帮助

2．不要总想着考试成绩，要多想自己的进步

       3．多做运动

       4．……

注意：1．词数：100字左右；

       2．可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯；

       3．信的开头已为你写好（不计入总词数）。

I quite sympathize with you and understand the great trouble you are suffering from． ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Best wishes!

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

　  Anna Douglas was 72 years old when she started writing her newspaper column. She had been a school teacher before she retired, but she needed to keep   1. She was even willing to work without pay. She then offered her   2to a business that helped other businesses find jobs for old people. Every day she   3other old folk like her, by talking with them, she   4two things. Old people had abilities that were not  5. But old people also had some   6. She found a new purpose for herself then.

Through the years, she   7to write stories about people for national magazines. There was now a new  8: Old people like herself. She began to write a newspaper column called “Sixty Plus”, which was about   9old. She writes about the problems of old people, especially their problems with being   10. Anna Douglas uses her   11ability to see the truth behind a problem. She understands   12problems begin. For example, one of her   13said that his grandchildren   14the houses as soon as he came to visit. Mrs. Douglas   15some ways for him to understand his grandchildren.

1.A. free           B. rich             C. powerful         D. busy

2.A. services       B. money            C. students         D. books

3.A. observed       B. met              C. comforted        D. answered

4.A. enjoyed        B. followed         C. recognized       D. demanded

5.A. studied        B. agreed           C. gave             D. used

6.A. mistakes       B. problems         C. questions        D. characters

7.A. had            B. ought            C. was              D. used

8.A. subject        B. life             C. way              D. plan

9.A. getting        B. respecting       C. employing        D. supporting

10.A. unknown       B. refused          C. misunderstood    D. discouraged

11.A. thinking B. working          C. reading          D. leading

12.A. that      B. when             C. whether          D. why

13.A. visitors B. readers          C. listeners        D. friends

14.A. got           B. entered          C. left             D. passed

15.A. suggested     B. chose            C. invented         D. imagined

    阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。

Doctors urge more playtime for children

The American Academy of Pediatrics (儿科) says    1.children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned playtime.

Many parents load their    2.(child) schedules with get-smart videos, enrichment activities and lots of classes in a drive to help    3.do better. The efforts often begin as early as babyhood. Free play is neglected in the shuffle, a new academy report says.

Numerous studies have shown that free play is very    4.(benefit). It can help children become creative, develop problem-solving skills, relate to others and adjust to school settings,   5.academy report says.

“Perhaps above all, play is something   6.is a cherished part of childhood,” says another report,   7.(prepare) by two academy committees for release Monday    8.the group's annual meeting in Atlanta.

It adds that enrichment tools and organized activities can be helpful,    9.should not    10.(view) as a requirement for creating successful children. They must be balanced with plenty of free playtime.

Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.

　　Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries ---- in both the West and the East.

　　Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus ---- obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.

　　Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, “Base Basah” means “wet rice” in Malay(马来语). Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road”? The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.

　　A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Road” for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like “Paya Lebar Crescent”. This road is called a crescent(月牙) because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.

1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that _____.

　　A. the government is usually the first to name a place

　　B. many places tend to have more than one name

　　C. a ceremony will be held when a place is named

　　D. people prefer the place names given by the government

2.What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

　　A. Change suddenly.

　　B. Change significantly.

　　C. Disappear mysteriously.

　　D. Disappear very slowly.

3.Which of the following places is named after a person?

　　A. Raffles Place.

　　B. Selector Airbase.

　　C. Piccadilly Circus.

　　D. Paya Lebar Crescent.

4.Bras Basah Road is named _______.

　　A. after a person

　　B. after a place

　　C. after an activity

　　D. by its shape

5.What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A. Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain.

　　B. Some places in Singapore are named for military purposes.

　　C. The way Singaporeans name their places is unique.

　　D. Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers.

In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (=drink) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw material for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it would end up buried in landfills(垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic.

Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence post, paint brushes, etc.

As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard unti1 somebody figures out how to give it a second life — and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life va1ue.Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.

Shrinking landfill space and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and reduces the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.

1.What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?

A. A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.

B. Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.

C. Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.

D. Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.

2.The returned plastic bottles in New York used to        .

A. be turned into raw materia1s

B. be separated from other rubbish

C. have a second-life value

D. end up somewhere underground

3.The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is            .

A. how to reduce their recycling costs

B. to sell them at a profitable price

C. how to turn them into useful things

D. to lower the prices for used materials

4.Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because         .

A. recycling causes litt1e pollution

B. other methods are more expensive

C. recycling has great appeal for the jobless

D. local governments find it easy to manage

5.It can be concluded from the passage that          .

A.  recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentally

B. local governments in the U. S. can expect big profits from recycling

C. rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materials

D. landfills will sti1l be widely used for waste disposal