A new research has uncovered that culture is a determining factor when interpreting facial emotions.The study reveals that in cultures where emotional control is the standard,such as Japan,focus is placed on the eyes to interpret emotions.Whereas in cultures where emotion is openly expressed,such as the United States,the focus is on the mouth to interpret emotion.

“These findings go against the popular theory that the facial expressions of basic emotions can be universally recognized,”said University of Alberta researcher Dr.Takahiko Masuda.“A person's culture plays a very strong role in determining how they will read emotions and needs to be considered when interpreting facial expression."

These cultural differences are even noticeable in computer emoticons (情感符号),which are used to convey a writer’s emotions over email and text messaging.The Japanese emoticons for happiness and sadness vary in terms of how the eyes are drawn,while American emoticons vary with the direction of the mouth.In the United States the emoticons :) and :--) show a happy face,whereas the emoticons :(  or :--( show a sad face.However,Japanese tend to use the symbol (^-^) to indicate a happy face,and ( ;_;) to indicate a sad face.

“We think it is quite interesting and appropriate that a culture tends to mask its emotions. The Japanese would focus on a person's eyes when determining emotion,as eyes tend to be quite subtle (微妙的),”said Masuda.“In the United States, where open emotion is quite common,it makes sense to focus on the mouth, which is the most expressive feature on a person's face.”

60.The text mainly tells us that______.

A. cultural differences are expressed in emotions

B. culture is the key to interpreting facial emotions

C. different emoticons are preferred in different cultures,

D.people from different cultures express emotions differently

61.If a Japanese wants to detect whether a smile is, true or false,he will probably______.

A. read the whole face                    B. focus on the mouth

C. look into the eyes                        D. judge by the voice

62.People used to believe that___________.

A.some facial expressions of emotions were too complex to be recognized

B.people in the world interpreted basic emotions in different ways

C.people could only recognize the facial expressions of basic emotions;

D.people all’ over the world understood basic emotions in the same way

63.The computer emoticons used by the Americans show that_____________.

A.they express their feelings openly

B.they tend to control their emotions

C.they are good at conveying their emotions

D.they use simpler emoticons to show their feelings

 

The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake at 5:46 a. rn. on January 17, 1995,Kobe (神户) and its surrounding areas suffered a killer earthquake. Only two other events in this century, the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 and World War II caused more deaths in Japan than this earthquake. The epicenter was at the northern tip of Awaji Island. The quake registered 7.2 on the Richter scale (里氏震级). The greatest amount of damage was seen in the Japanese port city of Kobe, and at final count 6 348 people had lost their lives.

The people of the area were quite unprepared for such a big earthquake. Experts had said that most modern buildings would be quite safe even from an earthquake as strong as the Great Kanto Earthquake. This was clearly not true. Television cameras showed the many buildings that had fallen down. The highway that ran through the city had fallen over on its side looking as if it had been pushed over by a giant.

Thousands of people were homeless, However, some of the finest human qualities were seen in the time of crises (moment of great danger). People formed long lines for water and other supplies. They shared what they had with one another. People from young to old stopped to talk to each other and give a few encouraging words. The people living in the area knew that their old life had been destroyed. They believe they can rebuild their life, and a better one,

64. Only two other events caused more deaths in Japan. They are _____.

A. the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and the Second World War

B. the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 and World War II

C. the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 and the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995

D. the First World War and the Second World War

65. Which of the following is true?

A. The Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake was the greatest in the world history. 

B. The earthquake broke out in summer.

C. The center of the earthquake was in the northern end of the port city.

D. More than six thousand people lost their lives in the earthquake.

66. The passage seems to suggest that _____.

A. a giant was able to start an earthquake

B. modem buildings were strong enough to be safe from any earthquake

C. less people would have died if they had been prepared for it

D. experts always tell lies

 

第二节,阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。注意:如果选E,则将A和B同时涂黑;如果选F,则将C和D同时涂黑。

请阅读下列某书店各书架的相关信息:

Section A: Do-It-Yourself Section -- On these shelves customers can find the latest manuals on how to do everything from building a computer to constructing your own home.

Section B: Sports & Leisure Section -- Stocks a large range of the latest books on your favourite sporting teams and events. Pick up the perfect Father's Day present here.

Section C: Humour Section -- A great selection of joke books, funny stories and wonderful real life adventures that are sure to keep the reader laughing for days.

Section D: Business & Finance - Students, business people or anyone interested in the world of commerce are certain to find the book they are after here. We have special subsection for international trade and e-commerce.

Section E: Biography - Find out about the lives of your favourite sports stars, singers, actors and other famous people from today and the past. Learn what they had to go through to become successful and the effect it had on their lives.

Section F: Education - Has a huge range of textbooks and supplementary material covering all the major high school and university subjects. Buyers showing their student cards receive a 15% discount on all purchases from this section.

阅读下列关于各书籍的信息,匹配书籍与其所应放置的书架:

71. The Delighted Eye - by Prof. John Nash - The 1994 Nobel Prize Winner for Economics, whose ideas have influenced a generation of the world's greatest economic minds, tells his life story: growing up in a small town in America, becoming one of America's most influential mathematicians and his battles with mental illness.

72. Mother Tongue: The English Language - by Bill Bryson - Bryson's book is a journey through the history and different aspects of the English language , one that is both informative and hugely entertaining. As with most of Bryson's books, fun comes before facts and readers will be left with a smile on their faces.

73. Into Thin Air - by John Krakauer - is a riveting first-hand account of a disastrous race to the top of Mount Everest. In March 1996, `Outside' magazine sent veteran journalist and experienced climber John Krakauer to join the team led by the famous Everest guide Rob Hall. Despite the expertise of Hall and the other leaders, by the end of the race eight people were dead.

74. ReadyMade: How to Make (Almost) Everything - by Shoshana Berger and Grace Hawthorne - beautifully written with great factual information. The theme behind this book is re-use, re-claim, re-cycle and there are many detailed easy-to-do projects for the reader to try such as making a photo frame from a book cover or a pot for your plants from plastic shopping bags.

75. The Smartest Guys in the Room: The Amazing Rise and Scandalous Fall of Enron - by Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind - As the title suggests the authors cover the rise of the American electricity company to become one of the 10 richest companies in the world and its spectacular fall into dishonor and bankruptcy. A perfect guide on what not to do in business.

 

An important factor that plays a part in susceptibility (易受影响) to colds is age.A study done by the University of Michigan School of Public Health indicated the fact that seems to hold true for the general population.Babies are the group suffering most from colds, averaging more than six colds in their first years.Boys have more colds than girls up to age three.After the age of three, girls are more susceptible than boys, and teenage girls average three colds a year to boy's two.

The general frequency of colds continues to decline into adults.Elderly people who are in good health have as few as one or two colds annually.One exception is found among people in their twenties, especially women, who show a rise in cold infections(感染), because people to this age group are most likely to have young children.Adults who delay having children until their thirties and forties experience the same sudden increase in cold infections.

The study also found that economics (经济状况) plays an important role.As income increases, the frequency at which colds are reported in the family decreases.Families with the lowest income suffer about a third more colds than families at the upper end.Lower income generally forces people to live in closer quarters than those typically occupied by wealthier people, and crowding increases the opportunities for the cold virus to travel from person to person.Low income may also influence diet.The degree to which poor nutrition affects susceptibility to colds is not yet clearly proved, but an inadequate diet is suspected of lowering resistance generally.

68. What factors cause people to catch colds easily?

A. Age and pregnancy.             B. Health and pregnancy.

C. Health and economics.                  D. Age and economics.www..com

69. Why does the lowest income lead to the rapid spread of colds?

A. Because poor people can't afford to go to see a doctor.

B. Because balanced diet has definitely affected poor people.

C. Because people with the lowest income have limited living space.

D. Because cold virus don't have opportunities to travel in poor families.

70. How does the study prove that age plays a part in susceptibility to colds?

A. Using comparison.  B. Using graphs.

C. Using description.  D. Using argument.

71. What can you learn from the passage?

A. Families with the lowest income suffer less colds than rich families.

B. The general frequency of colds are likely to increase among the poor.

C. Women in their twenties are most likely to avoid cold infections.

D. The general frequency of colds continue to rise into the adults.

 

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