An Australian researcher is urging parents to load up their teenager’s backpack and make them walk to school.

Professor Leon Straker says students who walk or cycle to school are less likely to have back and neck pain. But the study of 1,202 Western Australian 14­year­old found that 72% of students travelled to school by car or bus. Straker says the study suggests walking or cycling while carrying a schoolbag helps improve trunk (躯干) and spinal (脊柱的) muscle strength.

This helps reduce back pain because greater muscle strength improves support for the back during load carrying .Despite advocating that parents get their children moving，Straker warns bag load should not exceed (超过) 15% of body weight.

Straker says the study also stresses that neck pain is as common as back pain among young teenagers. This is an area that has been largely ignored，he says，but can be an important indicator of neck pain into adulthood.

For the study，students were asked a series of questions such as how long they carried their bags for，how they carried their schoolbags，the method of travel，and their perceptions(感觉) about the bag’s weight.

Straker says about half of all participants experienced back and neck pain，with slightly more females reporting neck pain. However，the gender (性别) difference may also be due to the fact that females have lower pain tolerance.

Studies from the 1980s found carrying a bag over one shoulder was most common among teenagers. However in this study 85% of participants carried their bag over both shoulders.

Straker believes the change has been driven partly through education campaigns，but also by increasing fashion status of backpacks and improved design.

1.In the opinion of Leon Straker，parents should________.

A．reduce the load of their children’s schoolbags

B．put more books in their children’s schoolbags

C．get their children’s schoolbags ready for school

D．ask their children to walk to school carrying schoolbags

2.If a child weighs 40 kilograms，the weight of his schoolbag should be________.

A．no more than 15 kg

B．less than 6 kg

C．as heavy as 9 kg

D．more than 6 kg

3.We can learn from the passage that________.

A．most of the students in Australia walk to school

B．neck pain is uncommon among young teenagers

C．walking while carrying a backpack helps reduce back pain

D．males are more likely to experience back pain than females

4.According to the passage，what change has taken place since the 1980s?

A．How students carry their schoolbags.

B．How heavy students’ schoolbags are.

C．How students go to school every day.

D．How long students carry their schoolbags for.

The fourth round of heavy smog to hit Beijing in four weeks has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory（呼吸的） illnesses and led to calls for laws to control the pollution.

Pan Shiyi, a celebrity real estate developer said he is planning to propose (提案) a Clean Air Act to the local government. As a representative to the Beijing Municipal People's Congress, he started an online survey at 9:20 a.m. Within three hours, more than 25,000 web users, or 99 percent of total respondents（应答者）, welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo, China's Twitter.

They have good reasons to stand alongside Pan. The latest round of haze（雾霾）reduced visibility to under 500 meters in many parts of the city. The smog has also led to a great increase in respiratory illnesses, particularly among children and the elderly. Anxious parents and doctors almost all blame the smoggy air for the illnesses. Though most schoolchildren are home for the winter holidays, the bad air can easily move indoors. Besides, ordinary medical masks fail to provide adequate protection, so some people have turned to gas masks and respirators（呼吸器）.

The causes of the scary smog are rather mysterious, though experts blame excessive emissions and the mountains around Beijing that trap pollution in winter, unless there is adequate wind to clear it away. Some critics have pointed fingers at China’s top two oil firms, China National Petroleum Corp and China Petrochemical Corporation, saying the companies’ outdated production technologies produce large quantities of substandard, high-polluting gas fuel.

Meanwhile, concerned Beijingers have moved their brainstorming sessions to cyberspace. If Pan’s proposal for a Clean Air Act is adopted, netizens say the new law should include items providing for “car-free days” in times of smog, higher standards for vehicle fuel, stricter restrictions on industrial and exhaust gas emissions, and more effective protection for the public.

Beijing is not the only city that has ever lost the blue sky. Five days of thick fog caused thousands of deaths in Britain in December 1952, urging the government to pass the first Clean Air Act in 1956, which introduced smokeless zones and cleaner fuels to reduce pollution. That may provide some experience for Beijing to refer to.

1.What can we learn from the passage?

A．People are clear about the causes of the smoggy weather.

B．Children staying indoors will not get respiratory illnesses.

C．Smog is worse for people with lower resistance to diseases.

D．Masks can give people protection against the smoggy weather.

2.Britain is mentioned in the last paragraph to ______.

A．suggest Beijing should learn from other countries

B．let people know many places have this problem

C．tell people the situation in Britain is worse

D．call on the government to pass Britain’s Clean Air Act

3.What’s the best title for this passage？

A．The Use of Gas masks and Respirators

B．Beijingers Call for Clean Air Act

C．Effective Protection for Blue Sky

D．The Mysterious Causes of the Scary Smog

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

About ten percent of spending on primary and secondary education in the United States comes from the federal government. 1.________States have been required to show progress through yearly testing.

But states say testing tells only part of the story about efforts by schools and students to improve. So the Obama administration has eased the limits on states in measuring performance.

2.________This new measurement tool is called the Colorado Growth Model. The idea is to show academic growth, not just achievement on tests. It combines test scores, family income levels, school size, the ethnicity of the student and many other factors.

3._______The graph shows a school’s average score on standardized tests as well as its academic growth.

On average, students enter sixth grade at WEST Denver Prep performing below grade level. 4.________.

The new assessment method shows that, each year, the average West Denver Prep student learns more math than ninety-four percent of all the students in Colorado. 5.________.

Josh Smith says perhaps the most important thing they should learn is to believe in themselves.

A．The results from schools across the state are shown online on a graph.

B．Reading and writing scores also show growth.

C．For ten years now, federal law has tied this spending to student performance.

D．Therefore, the government feels it a great pressure.

E.But three years later, most are outperforming other students across the state.

F.However, the limits don’t work at all.

G.The western state of Colorado, for example, has a new assessment method.

 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

After failing in the exam，my life got such dark that I didn't want to study any more. I always hid myself in his bedroom and cried quietly. In my family，I felt I am never important. I was not allowed to watch TV，using the computer or go out unless permitted. What's more，I had to stay in the study except when having meals. I almost lost my heart.

But one evening，my friend Zhang Wen came special to see me. She told me，“Nothing is impossible. You should believe in yourself.” Encouraging by what she said，I regained confidence，and made up my mind study. I hoped that I could catch up to others.

书面表达(满分25分)

2012年秋，新生入学伊始，北京、上海等地多所学校开出“苹果班”教程，学生上课时使用iPad回答问题，放学后家庭作业也需要用iPad来完成。对此不少家长产生疑虑，认为加重了经济负担；孩子也可能沉迷游戏、影响学习。但也有不少家长反映，用高科技教学，不仅能提高孩子的兴趣，更能减少“拉箱书包”给孩子造成的负担。请围绕这个话题写一篇英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。

注意：词数为100词左右。

My friends and I had just finished lunch at a hotel when it started to pour  1  . When it became lighter, I decided to get my car, which was  2  at my office three streets away.

My friends argued that I shouldn’t go, mainly because I was seven months pregnant then. I assured them that I’d be very  3 .

I walked out of the  4 and started making my way to the car. At the traffic junction, a van stopped and the passenger got off with an umbrella. Before I knew what was happening, he walked right beside me and told me he’d escort(护送) me to my  5  . I was very embarrassed and declined(辞谢), but he was very  6 .

During our  7  , he kept telling me to walk slower, as the ground was  8  . When we got to the car park, I  9  him and we parted ways. I did not get his  10  and may not even recognise him now. Did he  11  stop for me? I’ll never know.

So how did I pay it forward? I was at home when I  12  two Indian construction workers walking in the heavy rain. They were probably on their way to the construction  13  near my estate, which was a long walk in. I went out and passed them an umbrella. I told them they should take the umbrella and  14  it. They were very grateful and like me, probably wondered why a  15  was offering such kindness.

1.                A．hardly          B．slightly         C．heavily   D．slowly

2.                A．parked         B．locked          C．broken   D．repaired

3.                A．successful       B．careful         C．joyful D．stressful

4.                A．storm          B．garage          C．office    D．hotel

5.                A．destination      B．home          C．office    D．company

6.                A．cautious        B．diligent         C．persistent D．reluctant

7.                A．talk            B．trip            C．walk D．work

8.                A．rough          B．wet            C．messy    D．dirty

9.                A．thanked        B．left            C．waved    D．greeted

10.               A．umbrella       B．appearance     C．address   D．name

11.               A．obviously       B．accidently       C．really D．purposely

12.               A．watched        B．noticed         C．searched D．heard

13.               A．equipment      B．stage          C．object     D．site

14.               A．keep          B．carry          C．have  D．return

15.               A．passer-by       B．stranger        C．man  D．woman

Ma Wendi is used to curious glances 1.she walks six dogs at the same time. They are not all hers. 2. 25-year-old veterinary graduate is a full-time dog walker.

“I have to take care of twelve dogs at most,” said Ma. She charges 500 yuan a month per dog, and most customers leave their dogs at her house for a week. The  3. (busy) time is around Spring Festival, because many people go back to their hometowns for family reunions 4. go traveling.

“5. (compare) with people who have to be in their offices during the day, I don’t have to get up early 6. (squeeze) into the subway carriages in rush hour, and I still make a decent salary,” she said.

“But it’s a tiring job. I have to work whenever there are dogs at home, and no time to enjoy  7.. Sometimes I want to go out for a meal or shopping, but I can’t do so  8. I worry about them,” she said.

Ma knows 9.  the dogs’ names, and when she calls one’s name, the dog instantly knows she 10.(refer) to it.

Millions of Americans return from long-distance trips by air, but their luggage doesn’t always come home with them. Airline identification tags（标签） can come loose, and the bags go who-knows-where. And passengers leave all kinds of things on planes.

The airlines collect the items and, for 90 days, attempt to find their owners. They don’t keep them, since they’re not in the warehouse business. And by law, they cannot sell the bags, because the airlines might be tempted to deliberately misplace luggage.

So once insurance companies have paid for lost bags and their contents, and they no longer belong to passengers, a unique store in the little town of Scottsboro, Alabama, buys them. The “Unclaimed Baggage Center,” is so popular that the building, which is set up like a department store, is the number-one tourist attraction in all of Alabama. More than one million visitors stop in each year and take one of the store’s shopping carts on a hunt for treasures.

Each day, clerks bring out 7,000 new items, and veteran（老练的）shoppers rush to paw over them. You can find everything from precious jewels to hockey sticks, best-selling novels, leather jackets, tape recorders, surfboards, even half -used tubes of toothpaste.

The store’s own laundry washes or cleans all the clothes found in luggage, then sells them. The Unclaimed Baggage Center has found guns, illegal drugs and even a live rattlesnake.

The store has a little museum where some of its most unusual acquisitions（获得物） have been preserved. They include highland bagpipes, a burial mask from an Egyptian pharaoh's tomb, and a medieval suit of armor.

Statistics indicate that less than one-half of one percent of luggage checked on U.S. carriers is permanently lost and available to the store.

1.Paragraph1 shows that many passengers lose their luggage because______.

A．they are forgetful

B．the owners of some luggage can’t be identified

C．they are in a hurry

D．there is no lost and foundoffice in many airports

2.The reason why the airlines cannot sell the bags is that ______.

A．they have to find the owners

B．they have to keep the bags as long as possible

C．some bags are expensive

D．they are likely to make a profit on the bags on purpose

3.The Unclaimed Baggage Center is very popular because______.

A．visitors may purchase something undervalued.

B．all thethings there are very cheap.

C．there's a large variety of goods.

D．visitors will enjoy some amusing activities there.

4.What can we infer from the passage?

A．A little museum will keep all the precious unclaimed baggage.

B．The things in the Unclaimed Baggage Center are articles for daily use.

C．The percentage of passengers who lose their baggage for ever is small.

D．People are not allowed to buy the illegal things in the store.

5.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To introduce an attractive place to tourists.

B．To remind passengers of taking care of their baggage.

C．To advise the airlines to find the owners of the unclaimed baggage.

D．To introduce how the unclaimed baggage in the airports is handled in America.

When you’re an employee of a company, no matter the size, it’s common to see co-workers promoted, or transferred to a different department. But there is another way to move around—by creating a new position for yourself. I did this several years ago, though I wasn’t actively looking for a different job.

In 2007, I was hired at the Transamerica Life Insurance Company, as a customer service representative in the distributions services department. I processed requests for distributions from our annuity(养老金)policy holders around the country. Someone might have forgotten to sign a form, for example, or might have omitted security information. To solve the problem, I’d mail the person a letter.

The company had been through several combinations, so in our department alone we had a collection of about 140 templates(模板) for letters related to distributions. The longer I worked with the letters, the more I saw how they could be improved. Some had overlapping information and could be combined. Some had incorrect grammar or needed updating. I also noticed that industry terminology(专业术语) wasn’t standard across all the versions.

When I told my department supervisor about this in 2008, she agreed that the letters needed revamping. She said I should stop what I’d been doing and start the new work. In a relatively short time, I was able to make numerous improvements and reduce the number of letters to 70. It was an informal job change until a managers’ meeting several months later.

At that meeting, a vice president who was unaware of my new work mentioned that the division’s entire stock of 1,700 letters should be reviewed. My manager told her that she knew the perfect person for the job—me. The position was still considered temporary when I took on the extra tasks, but I was able to show that the work had value, and I was officially promoted and given a raise in November 2009.

1.According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true?

A．The author admired those who got a promotion in his company.

B．It is no surprise to see people around us change their positions.

C．The author tried his best to get a promotion in his company

D．The author was eager to seek another job.

2.Which of the following problems with the letters is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A．Some information was overlooked.

B．Some information needed to be united.

C．Some had grammatical mistakes.

D．Industry terminology didn’t meet the standard.

3.The underlined word “revamping” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to        .

A．repeating         B．rebuilding         C．improving         D．strengthening

4.The author started to review the letters when        .

A．he was hired by the company

B．he was promoted

C．he was recommended at a managers’ meeting

D．his department supervisor agreed his idea

5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．Where there is will, there is a way.

B．Creating a position, and earning a promotion.

C．Don’t let the chance go, when it comes.

D．Ways to get a promotion.

LEEDS, England—A Leeds University psychology professor is teaching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies.

"The hate we hold within us is a cancer, " Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.

More than 70 people have become members in Hart's first 20-week workshop in London—a course he says is the first of its kind in the world.

These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian- born Hart.

The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight.

The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. "People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness," he said, "People confuse forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one."

Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.

"The main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with," said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project.

Hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people "want to get free of the past".

1.From this passage we know that________.

A．high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hate

B．high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors

C．without hate, people will have less trouble connected with blood and heart

D．people who suffer from blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies

2.If you are angry with somebody, you should________.

A．attend Hart’s course

B．never meet him or her any longer

C．persuade him or her to have a positive talk with you

D．treat him or her positively instead of negatively

3.In Hart's first 20- week workshop, people there can ________.

A．meet their enemies                     B．change their attitudes

C．enjoy the professor's teaching             D．learn how to quarrel with others

4.If you are a member in Hart's workshop, you'll________.

A．meet in eight or ten groups

B．get rid of the illness of cancer

C．attend a gathering twice a month

D．pour out everything stored in your mind

5.The author wrote this passage in order to________.

A．persuade Britons to go to Hart's workshop

B．tell us the news about Hart's workshop

C．tell us how to run a workshop like Hart's

D．help us to look at various kinds of angers