Motorists over the age of 75 face compulsory tests of their eyesight and ability to drive under proposals being considered by ministers.

The biggest overhaul of motoring law in a generation could also lead to all drivers having to give assurances（保证）of their fitness to get behind the wheel every 10 years.

Other changes under consideration include issuing（发放）daylight driving licenses for motorists with night blindness, together with stricter checks on all drivers whose medical condition brought a threat to other road users.

It is understood that the proposals will be part of a review of the law governing the medical fitness of drivers that will be announced publicly by the summer.

The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency is dealing with a rising number of motorists who are concerned that they have conditions---from failing eyesight to epilepsy---that could affect their driving.

In 2006, the DVLA dealt with 600,000 motorists whose physical ability to drive needed to be recertified（重新认证）, a 20 per cent rise on the previous year. With an ageing population, the biggest challenge is dealing with the rising number of elderly motorists. By 2021, there will be an estimated three million drivers over the age of 70 on Britain’s roads.

Drivers must renew their licenses at the age of 70 and every three years thereafter. The applicant is legally required to tell the DVLA of any conditions that could weaken their ability behind the wheel.

Ministers have ruled out a compulsory maximum age for driving but will instead rely on tightening up the checks on motorists over the age of 75. The most likely option would be tests to ensure motorists were fit to drive. They would include an eyesight test and a cognitive（认知） test that would prove a driver's ability to react to road signs, driving conditions, pedestrians and vehicles.

However, checks are likely to be tightened at all ages. The strictest controls are expected to be imposed（强制） on motorists of any age who have had a heart attack or stroke. They could have to produce a doctor's approval to resume（重新得到）driving. Anyone making a false declaration would be guilty of a criminal offence.

1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．The new motoring law will come into effect by the summer．

B．Drivers over the age of 75 must renew their licenses every three years．

C．Doctors will decide whether one can get their driving licenses．

D．Drivers at all ages will be expected to provide their medical condition．

2.What is the biggest challenge to the traffic safety in Britain according to the writer?

A．Ageing population．                     B．Increasing number of cars．

C．Increasing number of elderly motorists．     D．Driving conditions．

3.The underlined word “overhaul” in Paragraph 2 means _______．

A．change           B．consideration      C．concern          D．challenge

4.What can be learned from the passage?

A．There will be more and more aged drivers in Britain．

B．Anyone can get a driving license as long as he/she is in good health．

C．Health tends to decline as one gets old

D．It will be guilty to make a false declaration．

The long, lonely voyage of the Japanese ghost ship is over.

A US Coast Guard cutter poured cannon fire(开炮) into an abandoned Japanese ghost ship that had been floating since last year’s tsunami, sinking the ship into waters more than 305 meters deep in the Gulf of Alaska and removing the danger it created to shipping and the coastline on Thursday.

The cutter’s guns tore holes in the 164-foot Ryou-Un Maru, and then it began to take on water and lean to one side. In about four hours, the ship disappeared into the sea, said Chief Petty Officer Kip Wadlow.

The ship had no lights or communications system, and its tank was able to carry more than 7,570 liters of diesel fuel. Officials, however, didn’t know exactly how much fuel was aboard.

“It’s less risky than it would be running into shore or running into other ships,” coast guard spokesman Paul Webb said.

The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency studied the problem and decided it was safer to sink the ship than let the fuel evaporate and pollute the sea environment.

Ryou-Un Maru was probably among the first wave of the 1.5 million tons of garbage of refrigerators, washing machines, televisions, roofs and fishing nets heading toward North America since last March when a magnitude 9.0 earthquake struck Japan.

As the coast guard was ready to fire on the ship, a Canadian fishing ship, the 19-meter Bernice C, claimed the rights to save the ghost ship in international waters.

Plans to sink it were paused so the Canadian crew could have a chance to take the stricken ship. A Canadian official with knowledge of the situation told the Associated Press that the Bernice C was unable to drag it.

Then the Canadian boat left, and once it was about 10 kilometers from the Japanese ship, the Coast Guard began to fire, first with 25 mm shells, then a few hours later with ammunition twice that size.

State officials have been working to test the danger of garbage including materials affected by a damaged nuclear power plant, to see if Alaska residents, seafood or wild animals could be affected.

1.Which of the following is NOT the reason for sinking the Japanese ship?

A．It had no lights or communications system.    B．It might be washed up onto the shore.

C．It was a danger to other passing ships.        D．The oil it carried could pollute the sea.

2.The plan to fire on the Japanese ghost ship was paused because ________.

A．the ghost ship was beyond the reach of the Coast Guard’s guns

B．the shells were not powerful enough to sink the ghost ship

C．state officials worried the ghost ship might give out radiation

D．a Canadian fishing boat wanted to save the ghost ship

3. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

A．Japanese ghost ship arriving at US           B．Tsunami garbage heading to US

C．Cannon fire sinking Japanese ghost ship      D．Japanese ghost ship polluting the Pacific

The art of reading fiction is largely a matter of inferring meanings. To infer means to understand facts which are not directly stated---only suggested. Inference is one of the commonest ways of knowing things: a child holds his knee and cries; this action implies his feeling; an observer infers that the child is hurt. To infer accurately in everyday life requires caution in observing; to infer skillfully in fiction requires caution in reading; both require disciplined imagination.

The short-story reader can expect to find certain basic elements in any story. For example, all stories involve a person or persons, in a particular setting, faced with a demand for a response. The response called for may be a physical action, such as defeating an adversary(对手) or escaping from a danger; or it may be a mental action, such as adjusting to others or within oneself. In either case, the short story is a description in two ways: first, it shows the motives for a given human action; second, it makes a point about the general human situation. Such descriptions, however, rather than being stated directly, usually are implied by the elements of the story.

When the reader of a story understands all the facts and their interrelationships, he is ready to infer the significance of the story as a whole---its comment on the human situation. This comment, or theme, is the seed from which the story grew. It is also the idea by which all the separate elements of the story are governed, while these in turn further shape and modify the theme. In addition to action, character, and setting, these elements include structure, mood, tone, and point of view.

Fiction reading requires an awareness of all the ways in which a story communicates. It also requires attention to detail. What the author provides is a network of points which serve as clues to his meaning. He invites the reader to develop the meaning by inference, actually to create much of the story himself and so make it part of his own experience.

1.According to the author, "infer" means ________ .

A．knowingfactsbeyondthestatement

B．lookingformoreevidencesforthestatement

C．findingoutadifferentmeaningfromthestatement

D．addingsomefactstothestatement

2.What is inferring in fiction based on?

A．Readers’guessing.                     B．Thebasicelementsofthestory.

C．Thesettingofthestory.                    D．Theinterrelationshipsbetweenpeopleinthestory.

3.What is the implied meaning of the last sentence?

A．Inferringcanreallyhelpthereaderdevelopimaginationandenrichhimself.

B．Inferringcanhelpthereaderwriteastoryofhisown.

C．Thereadershouldlookforanexperiencedescribedinthestoryhereads.

D．Theexperiencedescribedinthestorywillleaveagreatimpactonitsreader.

4.What is the main idea of this passage?

A．Inferringisanartofwriting.                  B．Inferringisaneedinfictionwriting

C．Inferringisthebasicskillinreadingfiction.       D．Inferringiscommoninreading.

Thirty years ago, the Earnshaw family lived at Wuthering Heights, with two teenaged children Hindley and Catherine. Mr. Earnshaw travels to Liverpool, where he adopts a homeless Gypsy boy, naming him "Heathcliff". Hindley finds himself robbed of his father's love and care and becomes bitterly jealous of the newcomer. However, Catherine grows very attached to him. Soon, the two children spend hours on the moors (荒原) together and hate every moment apart.

Because of the conflict(冲突), Hindley is eventually sent to college. However, he marries a woman named Frances and returns three years later, after Mr. Earnshaw dies. He becomes master of Wuthering Heights, making Heathcliff their servant instead of a family member.

Months after Hindley’s return, Heathcliff and Catherine travel to Thrushcross Grange to spy on the Linton family. However, they are found and try to escape. Catherine is caught by a dog, and then brought inside the Grange to have injuries tended to while Heathcliff is sent home. Catherine eventually returns to Wuthering Heights as a changed woman, looking and acting as a lady. She laughs at HeathcIiff’s dirty appearance. When the Lintons visit the next day, Heathcliff dresses up to impress her. It fails, however, when Edgar, one of the Lintons' children, argues with him. Heathcliff is locked in the attic, where Catherine later tries to comfort him. He swears revenge(报复) on Hindley.

In the summer of the next year, Frances gives birth to a son, Hareton, but she dies before the year is out. This leads Hindley to fall into a life of drunkenness and waste. Two years pass and Catherine has become close friends with Edgar, growing more distant from Heathcliff.

One day in August, while Hindley is absent, Edgar comes to visit Catherine. Before long, they declare themselves lovers. Catherine explains to Nelly, her servant, that she does not really love Edgar but Heathcliff. Unfortunately, she could never marry Heathcliff because of his lack of status and education. She therefore plans to marry Edgar and use that position to help raise Heathcliff’s status. Unfortunately, Heathcliff has overheard the first part and runs away, disappearing without a trace. After three years, Edgar and Catherine are married.

Six months after their marriage, Heathcliff returns as a gentleman, having grown stronger and richer. Catherine is delighted to see him although Edgar is not so keen. Edgar's sister, Isabella, now eighteen, falls in love with Heathcliff. He looks down upon her but encourages the adolescent love, seeing it as a chance for revenge on Edgar. When he embraces Isabella one day at the Grange, there is an argument with Edgar, which causes Catherine to lock herself in her room and fall ill.

Heathcliff has been staying at the Heights, gambling with Hindley and teaching Hareton bad habits. Hindley is gradually losing his wealth, mortgaging （抵押) the farmhouse to Heathcliff to repay his debts.

While Catherine is ill, Heathcliff leaves with Isabella, causing Edgar to disown （与……断绝关系) his sister. The two marry and return two months later to Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff hears that Catherine is ill and arranges to visit her in secret. In the early hours of the day after their meeting, Catherine gives birth to her daughter, Cathy, and then dies. Hindley dies six months after Catherine. Heathcliff finds himself the master of Wuthering Heights and the guardian of Hareton.

1.From the first paragraph, we can know ______ .

A．Hindley hates the fact that his parents give all their love and care to Catherine

B．Mrs. Earnshaw adopts Heathcliff in Liverpool

C．Hindley is the oldest of all three children

D．Catherine likes Heathcliff so much that she enjoys staying with him for long

2.After Frances dies, Hindley________.

A．lives a disordered life                    B．locks Heathcliff in the attic

C．argues with Heathcliff very often            D．returns to Wuthering Heights as a changed man .

3.The underlined part "the first part" in Paragraph 5 most probably refers to ________ .

A．Catherine says that Edgar has asked her to marry him and she has agreed

B．Catherine loves Heathcliff but can't marry him because of his lack of status and education

C．Catherine decides to marry Edgar, with whose help she can help raise Heathcliff’s status

D．Catherine and Edgar declare themselves lovers to the family

4.At the end of the story________.

A．Isabella dies after his brother disowns her

B．Catherine becomes the master of Wuthering Heights

C．Wuthering Heights falls into the hands of Heathcliff

D．Hindley dies and leaves Wuthering Heights to Cathy

The Nature of Stress

We are often faced with stressors that are outside of our control, from rare natural disasters to everyday traffic jams. There is a good deal of evidence that uncontrollable events are particularly stressful. This has been shown in studies of “executive rats,” in which two rats receive exactly the same electric shock, but one is given a lever（杠杆）that could be used to turn the shock off after it occurs. Over a long series of such trials, the partner rat, helpless to do anything about its pain, is more likely to develop ulcers (溃疡) than is the “executive”.

Stress is mostly caused by uncertain events. Uncertainty about an event makes it more disturbing. One study found that subjects who were told that they had a 5 percent chance of receiving an electric shock were actually more uneasy than those who were told that they had a 50 percent chance.

People make various attempts to deal with their stress---removing the cause of the stress, seeking the support of friends or reinterpreting the situation to make it seem less unpleasant. Richard Lazarus and his colleagues have made a useful distinction between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. Problem-focused strategies are those aimed at doing something to change the problem causing the stress.  Emotion-focused strategies tend to regulate our distressing emotional responses.

Psychologists Susan Folkman and Richard Lazarus examined undergraduate students’ coping strategies at three time periods---two days before a midterm examination, a week later two days before the grades were announced, and five days after the grades were posted. Before the exam, students tended to use such problem-focused strategies as studying---a guaranteed way to reduce the potential problems. After the exam, when their fates were sealed, if they sought out others, it was usually for emotional support.   

Like other animals, humans have always been safer in groups. Besides physical protection, people provide emotional support that can reduce the psychological and physiological symptoms of stress. A lack of support can increase our susceptibility（敏感性） to illness. For instance, short-term loneliness is associated with a decrease in immune response（免疫应答）. In contrast, people who have strong social ties are usually more resistant to disease. For instance, after being diagnosed as having a life threatening disease, married people are likely to survive longer than unmarried people.

People may provide appraisal support, helping us to evaluate and clarify how serious a problem is. If a professor tells you that he had also failed his first college algebra exam, the consequences of your failure will seem less devastating.  Others can also provide informational support, giving advice about how to deal with the problem. Finally, friends and relatives may give us instrumental support, providing material goods or services to overcome the stress. If your father lends you some money when your car breaks down, you can stop tearing your hair out and just fix it.

Title：The Nature of Stress

1.His dream was that the Olympic Games would make it possible for countries and people live p_____ side by side.

2.Did you know the f_____ of the national table tennis competition? The result was very surprising.

3.If we don’t fall in deep thought and are just satisfied with surface things, sooner or later we will find we haven’t gained anything because our first i_______ has blinded and misled us.

4.Before our talk, I did not think very much about how an advertiser might be trying to t_______ customers into buying a product or a service.

5.PSAs are often placed for free, and are i______ to educate people about health, safety, or any other issue which affects public welfare.

6.Join me in wishing the Olympic movement a successful future to match its （光辉的）________ past .

7. One of the PSAs to teach us how to live healthy lives is ‘Smoking is ______ suicide(自杀) slowly’.

8.Our new packaging will be colorful and ________ (引人注目).

9. It is ______(极其) important to know your audience so you can create the right message for the right people.

10. Fifteen years later the Qin Dynasty was _______ (推翻).

陈若琳，1992年12月12日生于江苏南通。4岁开始练习跳水。她克服困难，艰苦训练。拼搏精神指引她成功，在2012年伦敦奥运会上获得两枚金牌。请你结合陈若琳的实例，并根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你对拼搏精神的看法。

注意：1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；

2．词数150左右；

3．参考词汇：拼搏精神 determination 培养  cultivate   挫折     setback

1.As Polly _______ the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat. At last the train arrived at Green Park station.

2.When Polly got to the station entrance, it was empty. Outside, _______ she looked the fog _______ like a thick, grey cloud. … The man moved away. She could feel her heart _______ with fear.

3.“Here we are. King Street.” He stopped.

“Thank you so much for coming to my _______,” said Polly in _______. “Would you like to come in and rest for a _______?”

4.Before the middle of the 5^th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. Then two Germanic groups from the European _______—the Angles and the Saxons—_______ Britain. … Both the English language and the English people are _______ after the Angles; the word Angle was _______ Engle in Old English.

5.Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16^th century. Because of this, Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words. _______ also went _______ huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language.

6.People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage. Thus, in 1860, the area was put under _______ protection so it could be _______ and studied.

7.I saw several houses which were _______ with wall paintings. I also saw the people who had been _______ alive.

8.A _______ from the local _______ institute, Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the _______ of the Loulan Kingdom.

动词填空  (用动词的正确形式填空)（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）

1.Fear prevented him from moving when he heard the sound of footsteps _______(approach).

2.Both the driver’s carelessness and the bad condition of the road that day _______(lead) to the accident.

3.The housing price ______(rise) in the past several months.

4.Those of poor immunity(免疫力), especially children and old people, should go to public places less to avoid _______ (affect) by the bird flu.

5.I hope that you will keep us ______(inform) how you are getting on with the work.

6.No wonder she looked so tired today. She _______ (surf) the Internet at 11 o’clock last night.

7.The box which ______(weigh) as much as 20 kilos is too heavy for the little boy to carry.

8.______(reduce) the risk of getting burnt, you should stay away from fire.

9.By the time the soldiers arrived at the airport, their enemies _______(take) control of it

already.

10.The child slipped(滑倒) and fell, _______ (hit) his head against the door.