Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it all.I was luckyⅠ became a pilot in 1970almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn’t realize thenbut becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew biggerfaster planesand in worse weatherI learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理)or CRMa new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good resultregardless of positions.

I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after thatan attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flyingI was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turnhe had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down.He was a better pilotand my boss so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had toOur lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said“We need to put the landing gear down now” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRMand I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.

CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the oppositethe doctor doesn’t overreactwhich might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I’m in the operating roomI ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage themsomeday someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up

1.What does the author say about doctors in general?

AThey like flying by themselves.

BThey are unwilling to take advice.

CThey pretend to be good pilots.

DThey are quick learners of CRM.

2.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when________.

Ahe saved the plane by speaking up

Bhe was in charge of a flying task

Chis boss landed the plane too late

Dhis boss operated on a patient

3.In the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means ________.

Afollowing flying requirements

Boverreacting to different opinions

Clistening to what fellow doctors say

Dmaking a mistake that may cost lives

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

ACRMA New Way to Make Flying Safe

BFlying Makes Me a Better Doctor

CThe Making of a Good Pilot

DA Pilot?Tumed Doctor

 

(2013·高考北京卷,C)Although being famous might sound like a dream come truetoday’s starsfeeling like zoo animalsface pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the world’s attention.Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homescameras ready.Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!

According to psychologist Christina Villarrealcelebritiesfamous peopleworry constantly about their public appearance.Eventuallythey start to lose track of who they really areseeing themselves the way their fans imagine themnot as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time”Villarreal says“they feel separated and alone.”

The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th century BC.painters followed Alexander the Great into battlehoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th centuryhis sold?out readings attracted thousands of fansleading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film?stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.

Being a public figure todayhoweveris a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say something silly or do something ridiculousthere is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.

If fame is so troublesomewhy aren’t all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.

Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Stilleven stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.

1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today________.

Aare often misunderstood by the public

Bcan no longer have their privacy protected

Cspend too much on their public appearance

Dcare little about how they have come into fame

2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?

AGreat heroes of the past were generally admired.

BThe problem faced by celebrities has a long history.

CWell?known actors are usually targets of tabloids.

DWorks of popular writers often have a lot of readers.

3.What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?

AAvailability of modern media.

BInadequate social recognition.

CLack of favorable chances.

DHuge population of fans.

4.What is the author’s attitude toward modern celebrity?

ASincere.? BSceptical.

CDisapproving.? DSympathetic.

 

Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals.I like this image.But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.

For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents’ home in Boise in nine hours.We traveled the way most people dothe fastestshortesteasiest roadespecially when I was alone with four noisyrestless kids who hate confinement (限制) and have strong opinions about everything.

Road trips felt riskyso I would drive faststopping only when I had to.We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.

But then Bannerour lamb was born.He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise.I had two choicesleave Banner with my husbandor take him with me.My husband made the decision for me.

That is how I found myself on the road with four kidsa baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through.We took the country roads out of necessity.We had to stop every hourlet Banner shake out his legs and feed him.The kids chased him and one another.They’d get back in the car breathless and energizedsmelling fresh from the cold air.

We explored side roadscatching grasshoppers in waist?high grass.Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their motheror fish leaping out of the waterit was better than the best ride down the freeway.Here was life.And new horizons (见识)

We eventually arrived at my parents’ doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.

I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique.On an empty section of roadeveryone started quarreling.I stopped the carordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.

Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight.But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journeyand the best part of yourself.

1.Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents’home?

AIt was less tiring.

BIt would be faster and safer.

CHer kids would feel less confined.

DShe felt better with other drivers nearby.

2.The author stopped regularly on the country roads to________.

Arelax in the fresh air

Btake a deep breath

Ctake care of the lamb

Dlet the kids play with Banner

3.What does the author discover from the trip according to Paragraph 6?

AFreeways are where beauty hides.

BGetting close to nature adds to the joy of life.

CEnjoying the beauty of nature benefits one’s health.

DOne should follow side roads to watch wild animals.

4.Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home?

ATo give herself some time to read.

BTo order some food for them.

CTo play a game with them.

DTo let them cool down.

5.What could be the best title for the passage?

ACharm of the Detour

BThe Road to Bravery

CCreativity out of Necessity

DRoad Trip and Country Life

 

It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr.Johnson’s famous comment that“When two English meettheir first talk is of weather.”Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years agomost commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather?speak.

Bill Brysonfor exampleconcludes thatas the English weather is not at all excitingthe obsession with it can hardly be understood.He argues that“To an outsiderthe most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simplythe reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.

Jeremy Paxmanhoweverdisagrees with Brysonarguing that the English weather is by nature attractive.Bryson is wronghe saysbecause the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena.“The interest is less in the phenomena themselvesbut in uncertainty.”According to himthe weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.

Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather?speak among the English.Both commentatorssomehoware missing the point.The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.English weather?speak is a system of signswhich is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.Everyone knows conversations starting with weather?speak are not requests for weather data.Ratherthey are routine greetingsconversation starters or the blank “fillers”In other wordsEnglish weather?speak is a means of social bonding.

1.The author mentions Dr.Johnson’s comment to show that________.

Amost commentators agree with Dr.Johnson

BDr.Johnson is famous for his weather observation

Cthe comment was accurate two hundred years ago

DEnglish conversations usually start with the weather

2.What does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?

AA social trend.

BAn emotional state.

CA historical concept.

DAn unknown phenomenon.

3.According to the passageJeremy Paxman believes that________.

ABill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather

Bthere is nothing special about the English weather

Cthe English weather attracts people to the British Isles

DEnglish people talk about the weather for its uncertainty

4.What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?

ATo explain what English weather?speak is about.

BTo analyse misconceptions about the English weather.

CTo find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.

DTo convince people that the English weather is changeable.

 

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