Poverty exists because our society is an unequal one, and there are plenty of political pressures to keep it that way. Any attempt to redistribute wealth and income in the United States will be opposed by powerful middle and upper class interests. People can be relatively rich only if others are relatively poor, and since power is concentrated in the hands of the rich, public policies will continue to reflect their interests rather than those of the poor.
　　As Herbert Gans has pointed out, poverty is actually functional form from the point of view of the non-poor. Poverty ensures that ‘dirty’ work gets done. If there were no poor people to clean floors and empty dustbins, these jobs would have to be rewarded with high incomes before anyone would touch them. Poverty creates jobs for many of the non-poor, such as police officers, welfare workers, and government officials. Poverty makes life easier for the rich by providing them with cooks, gardeners and other workers to perform basic work while their employers enjoy more pleasurable activities. Poverty provides a market for low-level goods and services, such as day-old bread, rundown automobiles. Poverty legitimizes (make legal) middle-class values. To the middle class, the fate of the poor---who are supposed to lack honesty, and a taste of hard work---only confirms the desirability of qualities the poor are thought to lack. Poverty also provides a group that can be made to absorb the costs of change. For example, the poor bear the pressure of unemployment and it’s their homes, not those of the wealthy, that are destroyed when a route has to be found for a new highway. It cannot be said that the wealthy keep the poor in poverty. It is just that poverty is an outcome of the American economic system, which the poor are politically powerless to influence or change.
【小题1】 The best title is ________________________.

Why is setting goals important? Because goals can help you do and experience everything you want in life. Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow yourself to make your life happen.
Successful and happy people have a vision of how their life should be and they set lots of goals to help them reach their vision. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. It’s like having a map to show you where you want to go. Think of it this way. There are two drivers. One has a destination in mind which is laid out for her on a map. She can drive straight there without any wasted time or wrong turns. The other driver has no goal or destination or map. She starts off at the same time from the same place as the first driver, just using up gas and oil. Which driver do you want to be?
Winners in life set goals and follow through on them. Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals. Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set, and they aren’t difficult to reach. It’s up to you to find out what your goals, ideals and visions really are. You are the one who must decide what to pursue and in what direction to aim your life.
Research tells us when we write a goal down, we are more likely to achieve it. Written goals can be reviewed regularly, and have more power. Like a contract with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget.
Also when you write your goals in a particular fashion, you are able to stimulate yourself to be continuously alert to situations that will further your goals. 
【小题1】 The example of the two drivers is given to show_____________.

Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed. When a person does a certain thing again, he is driven by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly, then a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of. It is therefore so important that we should pay great attention to the formation of habits. Children often form bad habits, some of which remain with them as long as they live. Older persons also form bad habits lasting as long as they live, and sometimes become ruined by bad habits.
There are other habits which, when formed in early life, are of great help. Many successful men say that much of their success has something to do with certain habits in early life, such as early rising, honesty and so on.
Among the habits which children should not form are laziness, lying, stealing and so on. These are all easily formed habits. Unfortunately older persons often form habits which could have been avoided.
We should keep away from all these bad habits, and try to form such habits as will be good for ourselves and others.
【小题1】        are formed little by little.

If you know exactly what you want, the best way to get a job is to get specialized training. A recent report shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.
That’s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high to low and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies especially like a background of formal education coupled with work experience. But in the long run, too much specialization does not pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.
As further evidence of the erosion of corporate faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management. This sounds like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts(文科) graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch, manager of the Boston Red Sox, says that he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree. “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,” says Birch.
For a liberal – arts degree, students focus on some basic courses that include literature history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior and a computer course or two. With these useful and important courses, you can feel free to specialize, “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Scheetz.
67. The job market is in great need of people with          .
A. special training in special fields                     B. a bachelor’s degree in education
C. formal schooling and work experience        D. an MBA degree from top universities
68. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means         .
A. an MBA degree does not help in future promotion
B. MBA programs will not be as popular as they are now
C. people will not forget the degree the MBA graduates have got
D. most MBA programs fail to provide students with a foundation
69. David Birch says that he only hires liberal – arts people because          .
A. they will follow others’ ways of solving problems
B. they can do better in bundling changing situations
C. they are well trained in a variety of specialized fields
D. they have attended special programs in management
70. The author supports the idea that          .
A. on – the – job training is less costly in the long run
B. formal schooling is less important than job training
C. specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists
D. generalists will do better than specialists in management

Justin’s bedroom was so full of flat bicycle tires, bent tennis rackets, deflated（瘪掉的）basketballs, and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door. His parents pleaded with him to clean out his room.
“What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bottom?” his father asked. But Justin simply smiled and repeated his motto, “Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy.”
When Justin was away from home, he always carried his blue backpack--a smaller version of his bedroom--a place to store the many objects that he collected. It was so worn and stretched that it hardly resembled a backpack anymore.
Justin had earned a reputation for figuring things out and getting people out of otherwise hopeless situations. Many of his classmates and neighbors sought him out when they needed help with a problem. On the first day of school, his friend Kenny, came looking for Justin.
“Do you think you have something in your bag that could help me remember my locker combination?” he asked. “I lost the piece of paper it was written on. I have a science class in two minutes and if I’m late on the first day it’ll make me look bad for the rest of the year.” Kenny looked really worried.
“Relax,” Justin said, taking his backpack off and unzipping the top. “Remember how you borrowed my notebook in homeroom to write the combination down? Well, I know how we can recover what you wrote.”
He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of his bag. The page that Kenny had written on had left faint marks on another page in the notebook. Justin held the pencil on its side and rubbed it lightly over the marks. Slowly but surely the numbers of the locker combination appeared in white, set off by the gray pencil rubbings.
“That’s amazing!” Kenny said. “I owe you one.” And he dashed off to open his locker.
It was just another day in the life of the boy whose motto was “Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy.”
【小题1】Why is Justin’s room such a mess? WWW.K**S*858$$U.COM

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节；满分35 分）  
第一节：（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面四篇短文，从每小题后的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
WASHINGTON -Tofu（豆腐）and Soyaburgers (豆饼) may be coming to American school lunch menus. What will the kids say? “Terrible,” said Greg Dudzinski, 17, of Ripon High School in Wisconsin, as he toured the US capital.
“The regular hamburgers are bad enough, so soyaburgers would be a lot worse, offered Zach Richey, 13, of Scottsboro Junior High in Alabama, another tourist. But the United States government – hoping to reduce the amount of fat that children are eating –has approved the use of soy as a meat substitute in meals for schools and day-care centers.Not all kids dislike the change. Mariel Spano, 17, of sandy Greek High School in New York, also visiting the capital, said she likes soyaburgers：“There is less fat, and they are better for you… They taste the same, and they are just as good.”
The government tried to make soy a meat substitute nearly 20 years ago, but later dropped the idea．At the time, the plan was intended as a cost-cutting move. US Agriculture Department officials say that their purpose now is only to make meals healthier.Schools are likely to increase the amount of soy that is mixed with hamburgers and other foods already on their menus, and they will also be looking for food companies to develop new soy products that children will like. “I can’t see putting tofu on a student’s plate and having a good acceptance. I can see taking a product that is familiar to the students and adding a large amount of soy to it and having it to be acceptable,” said Jill Benza, director of food services for the Mesa, Arizona schools.
36．What is the newspaper report mainly about?
A．The difficulty in using soy products for US schools.
B．Various opinions on soy products for US schools.
C．The plan that is made by the US government for school lunch.
D．Healthy foods for students in US schools.
37．Where did the interviews most probably take place?
A．In food companies.            B．In schools.
C．In Washington.                D．In some other states.
38．We may learn from the text that _________________________.
A．soyaburgers taste better than hamburgers.   
B．hamburgers are healthier than soyaburgers.
C．soyaburgers cost less than hamburgers.    
D．hamburgers cost less than soyaburgers.
39． What Jill Benza said shows that ___________________________.
A．students have not yet been used to soy products.
B．it is hardly possible to make soy products popular.
C．he does not like the change in meals for students.
D．schools are unwilling to change the lunch menus.

Handwriting reveals a great deal about how an individual thinks, since the brain dictate (发号施令) hand movements when a person writes. People who think quickly will write quickly, while people whose thinking is slow will write in the same way. Sometimes we see very elaborate (精致的) handwriting, particularly among public figures, such as actors or politicians, who want to draw attention to themselves. For them, handwriting is like a dress that enables them to stand out from the crowd.
The handwriting of someone who is suited to a routine job will appear well organized, clear, and regular, without any special features drawing attention to it. If the job requires proven accuracy, like that of an accountant(会计), the handwriting, especially the numbers, should be precise. On the other hand, someone in sales or public relations must be self-assured, know how to make a good impression, and be able to befriend people even when meeting them for the first time. The handwriting of such individuals will appear rather large, with elaborate capitals and on oversized signature. It will be quick, fluent, and not necessarily reasonable.
Handwriting analysis can be used to find potential behavioral or personality problems. People who are impulsive, aggressive, or dishonest write differently than those who are socially well adapted. Warning signs include broken and strongly or sporadically (零散的) pressured handwriting; disorderly handwriting in which the words run over the lines on the paper, or extremely sharp handwriting. Generally, handwriting that is extreme in any aspect-too small, too weak or too pressured-is suspect.
Evidence of medical problems also shows up in a person’s handwriting. Individuals in pain often stop in the middle of writing. Pauses will be visible in the handwriting of people who experience difficulty breathing, because they stop writing to take a breath.
Handwriting expresses the mental and physical state of the individual, as well. Depressed people write slowly, with lines sloping (倾斜) down and heavy pressure exerted(施加) on the page. People who are excessively excited will write quickly, and their handwriting will be extremely disorganized and practically unreadable. People who are tired tend to write lines that descend down the page, and their handwriting will appear weak and slow. Healthy and vigorous individual will write energetically, and their handwriting will be quick, rhythmic and fluent.
71. The passage is mainly about _____________.
A. what handwriting indicates
B. handwriting and personalities
C. the relationship between handwriting and the individual
D. handwriting analysis and the problems it shows
72. Suppose you are a famous pop star, your handwriting will be in the style of being_______.
A. well-organized          B. oversized           C. elaborate          D. sharp
73. If a person writes with a rather large, elaborate capitals and an oversized signature, we can conclude that he is probably a (an) __________.
A. famous person          B. salesman           C. doctor             D. accountant
74. If you see disorderly handwriting, you will think that the person who writes it is ________.
A. depressed          B. vigorous            C. slow in thinking        D. dishonest
75. According to the passage, a person’s handwriting has something to do with(与……有关) all of the following EXCEPT his______.
A. mind                B. education          C. health               D. profession (职业)

Identifying young people with the potential to be great athletes has become a serious, business around the world. Many countries, including Australia, have sophisticated(复杂) programs for identifying and nurturing(培养) talent.
The AIS (Australian Institute of Sport) already runs a program that identifies potential winners starting from the age of 12 based on their physical and physiological(生理的) abilities.
Could genetics improve these programs? The problem is that no one gene test is ever going to do an accurate job of identifying someone with the physical attributes of a sporting champion, says Professor North.
"We can think of the elite athlete as what I'd call a complex phenotype(表现型)," she says. “There are going to be a large number of different genes involved. Any one single test is unlikely to be highly predictive.”
Professor Peter Fricker, director of the AIS, agrees. Although he is intrigued in the possibilities of genetic testing, he says using such tests to identify athletes would be difficult. "The feeling I have is that it won't be that easy," he says. "Talent selection is not just about your genes."
Since 2004, the AIS has been forbidden by government from any involvement in genetic work, including genetic testing. But Professor Fricker thinks that is likely to change in the near future. "There's been a shift in view more recently," he says.
When it does, the AIS will resume its work on the genetics of sports performance, Professor Fricker says. They would be particularly interested in looking for more genes that might help shape elite performance, but also for genes that increase the risk of injury.
Last year, the Human Genetics Society of Australasia issued a position statement on gene testing for sport, after concerns that people could use tests to steer children into particular sports.
“The Human Genetics Society thinks there are not enough data to use these tests for determining what sport kids should do,” said Professor David Thorburn, president of the society.
He stressed that genetic tests should not be performed on children, except in very specific medical circumstances.
57．The aim of the AIS’s program is to        .
A．predict how genes are connected with injuries
B．find potential great athletes
C．find out what qualities a professor has through gene tests
D．turn an athlete into a champion by transferring genes
58．By saying “Talent selection is not just about your genes”, Fricker means         .
A．effort is more important than genes in most cases
B．you can’t choose an athlete just depending on genes
C．to research one’s genes takes a long time
D．most people don’t believe in genetic tests
59．The underlined word “resume” in Para. 7 can be replaced by              .
A．stop B．complete   C．reduce      D．continue.
60．What’s Professor David Thorburn’s attitude towards genetic tests?
A．Genetic tests have a negative effect on children.
B．Genetic tests, under certain conditions, can be conducted on children.
C．Genetic tests can reduce the risk of athletes’ injuries.
D．People could use genetic tests to decide what sport kids should take.

My father had returned from his business visit to London when I came in, rather late, to supper. I could tell at once that he and my mother had been discussing something. In that half-playful, half-serious way I knew so well, he said, "How would you like to go to Eton?"
"You bet," I cried quickly catching the joke. Everyone knew it was the most expensive, the most famous of schools. Besides, even at 12 or 13, I understood my father. He disliked any form of showing off. He always knew his proper station in life, which was in the middle of the middle class, our house was medium-sized; he had avoided joining Royal Liverpool Golf Club and went to a smaller one instead; though once he had got a second-hand Rolls-Royce at a remarkably low price, he felt embarrassed driving it, and quickly changed it for an Austin 1100.
This could only be his delightful way of telling me that the whole boarding school idea was to be dropped. Alas! I should also have remembered that he had a liking for being different from everyone else, if it did not conflict（冲突） with his fear of drawing attention to himself.
It seemed that he had happened to be talking to Graham Brown of the London office, a very nice fellow, and Graham had a friend who had just entered his boy at the school, and while he was in that part of the world he thought he might just as well phone them. I remember my eyes stinging（刺痛） and my hands shaking with the puzzlement of my feelings. There was excitement, at the heart of great sadness.
"Oh, he doesn't want to go away," said my mother, "You shouldn't go on like this.” “It's up to him," said my father. "He can make up his own mind." Ks5
【小题1】 His father sold his Rolls-Royce because ________.

A．it made him feel uneasy

B．it was too old to work well

C．it was too expensive to possess

D．it was too cheap

A．it drew attention to him

B．it didn't bring him in arguments

C．it was understood as a joke

D．there was no danger of his showing off K

A．He was very unhappy.

B．He didn't believe it.

C．He was delighted.

D．He had mixed feelings.

A．Children who can go to Eton are very famous

B．Children can go to Eton if they will

C．It is very difficult for a child to get admitted by Eton

D．Children don't have the right to decide whether they will go to Eton

People living in the UK take quite a few holidays abroad and in this country each year. Choices made about where to go, how to get there and what to do while there can either benefit or harm the environment.
While on holiday
Many of the things you can do to be greener on holiday will be the same things you can do at home—but there are also some extra things too, like avoiding gifts made from endangered plants and animals. Here are some suggestions:
●Making the most of locally produced food and drink, and local activities and attractions will support people in the area you are visiting and reduce the need for further environmental influence from transport;
●Switching off any air conditioning, heating and lights will help reduce climate change effect;
●Save water—some countries suffer from water shortages and saving water can help avoid damage to our natural habitats.
Endangered species
Some gifts and foods available in some countries can be made from endangered plants or animals. Check before you buy, but if in doubt, avoid animal and plant gifts. More details of the types of products to avoid and illegal trade hotspots can be found on the Souvenir Alert webpage.
Making a positive contribution to the place you are visiting
There are ways in which your holiday can help support local people and the environment;
●There are many opportunities to volunteer and help with projects that conserve and improve natural habitats;
●When you are away, or if you are looking for somewhere to visit, you can support projects or attractions which protect wildlife, such as nature reserves and conservation projects.
60．According to the passage, we can ________ to help reduce climate change effect.
A．save electricity                                    B．buy local food and drink
C.  make good use of water                       D．go around on foot
61．We should check the gifts and foods before buying because ________.
A．sometimes they are of poor quality
B．they may not be typical local products
C.  some of them will do harm to our health
D．they may be made from endangered animals or plants
62．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．it is not easy for people to travel abroad
B．not everyone can tell an illegal souvenir
C.  green holidays have been accepted by people
D．volunteer work is a must for protecting natural habitats
63．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．travel dos and don’ts                            B．the harm done to the environment
C.  greener choices for holiday                  D．tips on protecting endangered species