Dr. Julie Coulton, a British psychologist, focuses her research on the extraordinary function of the play in the physical and spiritual development of children and Martti Bergson from the University of Helsinki shows that playing outside, in the open air, contributes to a better development of the brain.
Thus parents must encourage their children to spend as much time as possible in the open air, and at the same time, to ask schools and kindergartens to assure the small a playground outside. Recent statistics (数据) and studies show an alarming increase of the number of hours spent by children in front of the TV and the computer and a decrease of the time spent outside.
As a consequence more and more children suffer from eye problems and have to wear glasses. Also the problem of fatness among children concerns many parents who don't know what to do anymore to make their children eat healthy and balanced.
Children need a space where to develop their creativity mid parents should encourage them all the time. Too many rules hold back the child's personality and creativity and prevent them to develop the desire to know, to find out, to learn.
If you tell your child so many times: "Don't do that, don't mess the room, don't go there ...", he will lose the desire to do something, anything. Parents must watch their children without suffocating (窒息) them. Should you consider they mustn't do that or this, you have to logically explain them your reasons and they will understand.
Through playing a child learns how to communicate, how to take decisions. Playing is connected to the intellectual, emotional and social progress of the child. Playing lets your children learn how to express his feelings.
【小题1】What is worrying the scientists is that ______.

Chinese and Western eating habits are different. In China, the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. It is always polite to let guests or elderly people at the table taste every dish first. But in the West, everyone has his or her own plate of food.
Although there are no strict rules on how to set chopsticks and spoons, there are some things you should never do during a Chinese banquet (筵席).
　Firstly and most importantly, don’t put your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. Instead, lay them on your dish. The reason for this is that when people die, family members give them a bowl full of rice with a pair of chopsticks sticking out upright in it. So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it appears that you want someone at the table to die.
Make sure the spout(容器嘴) of the teapot is not facing anyone, as this is impolite. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitting, usually just outward from the table.
Don’t tap on your bowl with your chopsticks. Beggars tap on their bowls, so this is not polite. Also, when the food is coming too slow in a restaurant, you should not tap on your bowl. If you are in someone’s home, it is like insulting the cook.
【小题1】What is the difference between Chinese and Western eating habits according to Paragraph 1?

Death Valley is the lowest, hottest, driest area in North America. This California National Park has less than 5 cm of rainfall a year and temperature up to 53℃ in summer. That’s enough to keep Americans away during the hottest months from June to August. But it is the high temperature and terrible heat that draw their most crazy fans, the foreign tourists. From all over the world, they come to the valley floor in cars, carrying maps and water bottles, and fanning themselves with newspapers to keep cool.
About 1.3 million visitors enter the park each year, from June through August. 90% of them are foreigners. They go there to experience the summer heat that gives Death Valley its name. The average high in July is 53.2 ℃ and the low 30 ℃. For August, the average high is 52.2 ℃ and the low 29.4 ℃.
So what do Americans think of the foreign visitors who arrive for the heat, just when locals from the United States try to avoid it? Park manager Brenda Henson says, “ The foreigners want to experience the heat in Death Valley. We think it’s crazy.”
In fact, Death Valley is a series of salt flats (盐滩) 225 km long and 6 km to 26 km wide. Birds and animals are largely absent, and only the hardiest plants have some chance of existence in this extreme place.
One tourist from Paris concluded, “ We come to it because we can tell all our friends and family that we’ve been to the hottest place in the world.”
【小题1】The real attraction of Death Valley for foreigners is that _____.

Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization   50  for all?
According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce   51  in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth   52  to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes   53  at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.
Those who   54  globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses.   55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in   56  open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.
Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually   57  the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually   58  from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind.   59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to   60  their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of   61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to   62  and will be crowded out.
One thing is certain about globalization—there is no   63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The   64  now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.                                                  (347 words)

The Spring Festival marks the first day of a new year, so the first meal is rather important. People from the North and the South have different   36  about the foods they eat on this  37  day. In Northern China, people   38  eat Jiaozi. The word Jiaozi in Chinese means the   39  and the beginning of time. According to historical   40 , in the past people from the North and the South both ate Jiaozi on Chinese New Year’s Day. Perhaps   41  the areas in Southern China   42  more rice than those in Northern China, southern people slowly  43  to eat many other kinds of food on New Year’s Day.   44  , the most common foods for the first   45  are noodles, New Year Cake and Tangyuan. The noodle  46  long life. The New Year Cake is called Niangao in Chinese, which   47  the hope of improvement in   48  year after year. Tangyuan is a symbol of   49   according to the Chinese.
To  50  a New Year visit to relatives and friends is an important activity during the Spring Festival. People also send cards to   51   a New Year’s greeting. What children love most is to set off firecrackers.   52  , as the pace of life is becoming faster and faster, people have   53  new ways to celebrate the Chinese traditional New Year. For example, many people no longer send out greeting cards.   54  , they use short messages or emails. Also to travel during the New Year holidays has come into   55  .

I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has   36  me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earlier   37 , my mother was telling me “Don’t watch the   38  when you say, ‘I’m sorry’. Hold your head up and look at the person in the   39 , so he’ll know you   40  it.”
My mother thus made the key point of a(n)   41  apology: It must be direct. You must never   42  to be doing something else. You do not   43  a pile of letters while apologizing to a person   44   in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your   45 . You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat   46 , by sending flowers the next day without mentioning your bad   47 .
One of the important things we should do for an   48  apology is a readiness to   49  the responsibility for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no   50  for the other person to   51  us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling   52  about themselves. That , after all, is the   53  of every apology. It   54  little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault. Answering for one’s   55  encourages others to take their share of the blame.

The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing ___21___.
What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, __22___ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent（经历）such a process.
When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had ___23___ several revisions due to problems with costuming andmakeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber ___24___ some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.
When you revise, you change aspects of your work in ___25___ to your evolving(不断演变的) purpose, or to include ___26___ ideas or newly discovered information.
Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. ___27___, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to ___28___ topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However, don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows training. Always make time to become your own __29__and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you ___30___ new ideas.
Revising involves __31__ the effectiveness and appropriateness（恰当）of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more ___32____, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose ___33__ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the __34___; that is, facts, opinions, inferences --- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many___35___ details that may confuse readers?

When you think of American culture, what first comes to your mind? McDonald’s? Coca Cola? Levi’s? Disneyland? Michael Jordan? Julia Roberts? Many people   1  American culture is a   2 of popular symbols like these. Actually, these symbols are only one    3  part of American culture—pop culture.
What is pop culture? Well, pop is   4   for popular. The origins of pop culture can often be traced to popular movies, television shows, music stars and sports figures. Pop culture is   5  promoted by business and advertising. The most   6  examples of American pop culture appear among high school and college students. Trends (趋势)   7  by famous personalities quickly become part of young people’s    8 .
American pop culture has spread around the world. One major reason for its   9  is that English is a universal language. English is the language of diplomacy, international business and transportation.   10  language and culture go together, learning English means becoming   11  of English-speaking cultures. Besides, America is a world   12  in movies, music and magazines. The kind of American culture   13  in those media is pop culture. Finally, pop culture is easy to package and to   14 . For that reason, it is easy to “sell” to the world.
Many people believe that American pop culture is what American is all   15  . Does pop culture   16   the true culture of America? Yes and no. Pop culture does  17  a portion (比例) of American society — especially the   18  young people that are tuned in to the media. But American pop culture is faddish (流行一时的) and    19   . If you want to learn about real American culture, you’ll have to go a little    20    than McDonald’s.

Neatly putting an emphasis on his storytelling skill is how writer Mo Yan began his Nobel Lecture in Literature speech, “Storyteller”, on Friday （Saturday, Beijing time） in Stockholm.
For 40 minutes he talked about his mother’s   36  on him as a person and a writer, his literary inspirations, and how he   37  with the controversy（争论）that followed the announcement of his Nobel victory.
He told his audience that as a boy he told stories to cheer up his mother, and   38  that poverty and loneliness fueled his imagination as a writer after he grew up.   39 , authors such as William Faulkner and Gabriel Garcia Marquez   40  him, he said, especially their bold and unlimited writing style.
“A person should be   41  in daily life, but follow one’s instinct（本能）and take control when it   42  to literary creation.”
He said the soul of   43  all of his works is the boy in Transparent Carrot who has an almost superhuman ability to bear   44 . He added that he also tried to make his hometown of Gaomi in Shandong Province a microcosm（缩影）of China and even the   45 .
His greatest challenge, he said, was writing novels that deal with   46  realities.
“In writing about the dark aspects of society there is a（n）  47  that emotions and anger allow politics to limit literature.”
He said literature must be   48  on real life but go beyond it.
He also mentioned the   49  surrounding his selection as Nobel winner, saying he was showered with many flowers.   50  he was a target for “stone throwers”.
“At first I thought I was the   51  of the controversies, but over time I’ve come to realize that the real target was a person who had   52  to do with me.”
Mo   53  his lecture by saying he was made to feel like an actor in a play with all the attention he was   54 , but he had decided that the best way to communicate his thoughts was to   __55  writing.

Recently, a couple in New Zealand were forbidden from naming their baby son 4Real. Even 【小题1】 New Zealand has quite free rules about 【小题2】 children, names beginning with a 【小题3】  are not allowed. They decided to call him Superman 【小题4】 .
In many countries around the world, 【小题5】 names for children are becoming more popular. In Britain, you can call a child almost   【小题6】  you like. The only restrictions on parents   【小题7】 to offensive(冒犯的) words such as swear words.
 【小题8】 parents choose names which come from 【小题9】 culture. For example, there have been six boys named Gandalf   【小题10】 the character in the Lord of the Rings(指环王) novels and films. 【小题11】 , names related to sport are fairly common – 【小题12】 1984, 36 children have been called Arsenal(阿森纳) after the football team. Other parents like to 【小题13】 names, or combine names to make their own 【小题14】 names, a method demonstrated (证实的) by Jordan, the British model, 【小题15】 recently invented the name Tiaamii for her daughter by 【小题16】 names     Thea and Amy (the two grandmothers).
Some names which were previously 【小题17】 as old-fashioned have 【小题18】 popular again, but the most popular names are not the strange 【小题19】 . The top names are fairly   【小题20】 , for example, Jack, Charlie and Thomas for boys and Grace, Ruby and Jessica for girls.