| A. protection B. ties C. dependence D. relaxed E. influenced F. readily G. abandoning H. harmed I. tightly J. emotional |
Many people, when they speak of home, tend to associate it with a certain physical surroundings and a certain ___41___ attitude. This attitude toward home has come down to us from the past.
In the old days life was tough. Enemies could attack you and you had little ___42___ against them. People did not live in well-built houses where doors were locked. They didn’t have an organized police force that could rush to their rescue instantly. This unsafe situation ___43___ the way people felt about home. Small family groups held to each other ___44___ for protection against animals and other men. We can see this even in today’s minority groups who, because of a feeling of insecurity, still preserve close family ___45___.
Today, thanks to modern transportation and technologies, thousands of people willingly and ___46___ leave the place where they were born. These people, especially the young, are ___47___ their parents’ homes to live their own life. They have no ___48___ on their parents’ homes. Home is just where they can shut the door and feel ___49___by themselves. And the meaning of the word “home” has been somewhat changed by this activity. To these people, home means a place where they can have privacy.
| A. differ B. endless C. appropriately D. directly E. occasionally F. instructions G. process H. interchangeable I. eliminated J. create |
So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not 41 hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught 42 and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They 43 in kind and function. The function of teaching is to 44 the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity. It can be seen and observed.
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that
45 is not open to public examination.
If teacher and learner roles are not 46 , what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the exploring for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching
47 . “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them 48 , then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is
49 . Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.
| A. recently B. forming C. locate D. primitive E. fascinated F. evidence G. volcanic H. chemicals I. created J. closely |
Since early times, people have been ___41___with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believe that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to___42____places where life could form. In 1997, they saw ____43____of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes(探测器) have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core（核心） giving off____44____heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic____45____such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may have already____46____life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until____47____, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface. And bacteria,___48____ forms of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life____49____.
| A. hurriedly B. anxiety C. professionals D. typical E. really F. simple G. bought H. ending I. design J. wonderful |
Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something __41__but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertisers hoping to sell their products.
The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly __42__. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, __43__in the costomer giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods __44__ in almost every family are not __45__ needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the __46__, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.
It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in __47__ and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The __48__ example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. So gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing: no choice, no __49__.
| A.compare B.responsible C. adopt D.added E. ability F.reference G. Necessarily H.method I.successful J.employment |
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __41__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to __42__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __43__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __44__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in "points", which are __45__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __46__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __47__ to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __48__ the value of each job with these in the job market. __49__, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the work done with hands, monetary(货币的) encouragement schemes are often chosen, for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.
| A. display B. local C. properly D. blinded E. around F. explosive G. easily H. rushed I. injuries J. caught |
Each year around 800 people – most of them children – need treatment in hospital for injuries caused by fireworks. A third of the accidents take place at back garden firework parties and about a third of the 41 are to children under the age of 13. The cost of medical treatment after firework accidents can be as much as ￡20 million a year.
Martin Pearcey, 11, is one of the lucky ones: he could have been 42 in one eye.
Like hundreds of others on November 5（Guy Fawkes’s Night）, Martin went to his 43 park to see the fireworks display. He was with his brothers, John and Dave.
“A gang of kids had taken the 44 material out of several fireworks and had put it in a pile on the ground,” remembers John.
“When they lit it, it went off and 45 Martin in his eye.”
John 46 Martin to their grandmother’s house nearby, where the eye was immediately bathed in cold water. He was then taken to hospital, where a sterilized（消毒的） patch was put over it.
“At first he couldn’t see a thing because the eye was so swollen(肿胀的),” says Martin’s elder sister, Pat. “It was weeks before it would open 47 again.”
His dad agrees. “He was lucky not to lose the sight of that eye.”
“Little kids shouldn’t be able to get hold of fireworks,” adds Pat. “I think organized 48 are much safer.”
And young Martin now says, “I don’t mind fireworks when grown – ups are 49 , but I don’t like it when little kids have them. I think fireworks are a bit stupid, really.”
| A. academic | B. disabilities | C. techniques | D. individualized | E. structured |
| F. approach | G. suitable | H. initially | I. provide | J. specifically |
EBL Coaching
Dr. Emily Levy, Director
Phone: (212)249-0147
ielevy@eblcoaching.com
www.eblcoaching.com
EBL Coaching specializes in providing individualized one-on-one home tutoring for students in grades preK-12. All students are __41__ assessed to determine their strengths and weaknesses and __42__ levels, and are then matched with a specialist who is __43__ trained in the types of methods that are most __44__ for that student. EBL Coaching uses research-based, multi-sensory __45__, including the Orton Gillingham methodology, to __46__ tutorial support at their Upper East Side location and at students’ homes. They also offer specific programs for students with learning __47__ and ADHD, and specialize in helping students develop skills in reading comprehension, writing, math and study skills. EBL Coaching specialists also teach strategies（策略） for note-taking, test-taking, organization, active text-book reading and writing. They use research-based techniques that are __48__ according to each student’s needs. All programs follow a structured, multi-sensory __49__.
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Why does a woman have the last (and longest) laugh? The answer is that women enjoy a joke more once they get it. If you tell a woman a joke and get a blank look, don’t 41 despair. She’s just taking her time to understand it. But if the punchline（妙语）does eventually make her laugh it will be 42 the wait.
Scientists have found that while women are slower than men at getting jokes, they enjoy them more when they truly understand. Research shows that women use their brain more than men to process witty 43 and have less expectation that they will be funny.
When a joke does hit the right 44 , however, women derive more pleasure from it. Scientists asked ten men and ten women to look at dozens of black and white cartoons and rate them on a “funniness scale”. During the process they underwent sophisticated scans that mapped which parts of their brain were lighting up and timed how long it took them to 45 to a joke. The women tended to use 46 parts of their brain. Professor Allan Reiss said: “We found greater activity in the parts of their brain in women, showing women are processing stimuli that 47 language areas of the brain.”
The 48 of a “feelgood” brain region also revealed that men and women have different attitudes to humour. Experts said: “Women appeared to have less expectation of a reward. So they were more pleased about it.” The funnier the cartoon, the more the women’s parts of their brain lit up. This was not the case for men. The women took 49 longer than the men to react to jokes that were funny — but were quicker to spot the “truth”.