NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase（抹去） the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.

Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.

“Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatryat Harvard Medical School. : “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.”

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity（特质）. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.

“All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I’m not sure we want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist

1．The passage is mainly about            .

       A．a new medical invention

       B．a new research on the pill

       C．a way of erasing painful memories

       D．an argument about the research on the pill

2．The drug tested on people can            .

       A．cause the brain to fix memories

       B．stop people remembering bad experiences

       C．prevent body producing certain chemicals

       D．wipe out t he emotional effects of memories

3．We can infer from the passage that                  .

       A．people doubt t he effects of the pills

       B．the pill will stop people’s bad experiences

       C．taking the pill will do harm to people’s health

       D．the pill has probably been produced in America

4．Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?

       A．Some memories can ruin people’s lives.

       B．People want to get rid of bad memories.

       C．Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.

       D．The pill will reduce people’s sufferings from bad memories.

Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.

Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly indicative of delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation（模仿） leads on to deliberate（有意的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

It is a problem we need to get out teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.

1．Before children start speaking           .

       A．they need equal amount of listening

       B．they need different amounts of listening

       C．they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions

       D．they can’t understand and obey the adult’s oral instructions

2．Children who start speaking late        .

       A．may have problems with their listening

       B．probably do not hear enough language spoken around them

       C．usually pay close attention to what they hear

       D．often taken a long time in learning to listen properly

3．A baby’s first noises are           .

       A．an expression of his moods and feelings

       B．an early form of language

       C．a sign that he means to tell you something

       D．an imitation of the speech of adults

4．The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitations can be considered as speech      .

       A．is important because words have different meanings for different people

       B．is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually

C．is one that should be properly understood because the  meaning of words changes with age

D．is one that should be completely ignored（忽略） because children’s use of words is often meaningless

根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

W：Mrs. Everett is expecting you, Mr. Brown. She’ll be with you in a few minutes.

M：Fine

W：Can I take your coat?

M：Yes, Please. Here you are.

W：       1         .

M：No thanks. I’ve been sitting for the last three hours, and I’d like to strech my legs.

W：Can I get you something to drink----coffee, tea or a cold drink?

M：That would be very nice.      2      .

W：Yes, certainly, Mr. Brown.      3      .

M：White with one sugar.

W：      4      .

M：Thank you , but it’s not necessary. I can walk easily.

W：      5      .

M：Thanks.

       A．Here’s your coffee, Mr. Brown.

       B．Would you like something to read?

       C．How do you take it ?

       D．Let me show you in .

       E．Could I have a cup of coffee, please?

       F．Would you like to take a seat while you’re waiting?

       G．Shall I call a taxi to take you round there after your meeting with Mrs. Everett?

1．Is Chinese one of the           （工作）language of the United Nations?

2．The people who           （目击）the scene were still frightened later.

3．Sorry, I’m busy , so I can’t            （抽出）you any time now.

4．Madam Curie is well known as a           （杰出）scientist.

5．He has still kept the fine           （品质）of a worker.

6．I apologize if I hurt you, but I didn’t do it on           .（故意）

7．Our holidays are           （限制）to weeks a year.

8．The old man will celebrate his           （九十）birthday tomorrow.

9．Jane was lucky that she was just           （轻微）hurt in the accident.

10．This Swede           （钦佩）Napoleon so much that he wanted to  join the French army and fight for him.

After read your advertisement, I want to offer                             1．_________

myself for the position. I’m twenty years old,                                     2．_________

male, 1.78metres tall, strong and health. I will                                     3．_________

graduate Nanjing University this year. I have been                                4．_________

learning English for ten years. My spoken                                          

English is very much good and I can write                                         5．_________

good article. I have won several prizes in                                            6．_________

English contests. I have made a great deal of                                      7．_________

inventions, most of them have been put into practice.                          8．_________

but I can use the computer skillfully. If I can                                      9．_________

get the job, I’ll try my best do it well. Thank                                 10．_________

you for your kindness.

假如你是李明，你发现部分同学每次遇到重要考试，都会出现一些焦虑症状。请你用英语写一封信，向某学生英文报编辑反映该问题。信的内容应包括下列要点：

焦虑症状 头晕、乏力、睡眠不好、食欲不振等

建议：

1．考前制定好合适的复习计划

2．考试期间正常作息

       3．睡前洗热水澡、喝热牛奶等有助于睡眠

       其他建议（内容由考生自己拟定）

       注意：

       1．根据以上内容写一篇短文，不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。

       2．要准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇、清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思；

       3．词数：100个左右。开头已给出，不计词数。

       参考词汇：头晕—dizzy（adj.）

Dear editor,

       I’m Li Ming of Senior Three, Guangming Middle School. I’m writing to tell you about some symptoms of anxiety among us students before exams.

LiMing

Don't eat too much chocolate，or you can ________ weight quickly．

A．put into          B．put on          C．put out                 D．put up

In some parts of London，missing a bus means ________ for another hour．

A．to wait           B．waiting               C．wait                D．to be waiting

The doctor will not permit him ________ until his foot is better．

A．walk                B．walking           C．walked               D．to walk

--Could I ask you a rather personal question?

--Sure，________．

A．pardon me             B．go ahead              C．good idea               D．forget it