Some children are naturally-born bosses．They have a strong need to make decision, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow．Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother．“The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers（剑）．Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones．”

“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation．It’s an inheritable trait．,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina．Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance（支配地位） when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other．

Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn’t healthy for children or the family．Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor．Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “ a desire to feel safe”．It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection．

When a “bossy child” doesn’t learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family．The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends．It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways．

“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years．“They bend too far because they don’t want to be as strict as their own parents were．But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills．And their kids, in turn, feel more anxious．”

1．Bossy children like Stephen Jackson______．

       A．make good decisions                  B．show self-centeredness

       C．lack care from others               D．have little sense of fear

2．The underlined phrase “inheritable trait” in Paragraph 2 means______．

     A．inborn nature                      B．developed character

     C．accepted theory                      D．particular environment

3．The study on bossy behavior implies that parents_______．

     A．should give more power to their children

     B．should be strict with their children

     C．should not be so anxious about their children

     D．should not set limits for their children

4．What is the passage mainly about?

     A．How bossy behavior can be controlled．  B．How we can get along with bossy children．

     C．What leads to children’s bossy behavior．D．What effete bossy behavior brings about．

    We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively．We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning．

   We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else．Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive．Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers．

    Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem．It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor．

    Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone．Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person．That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game．The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it．Then the two written statements are compared．Typically, the original message has changed．

    That’s what happens in daily life．The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story．Then , too, most people listen imperfectly．And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping（打上标记） it with their own personal style, Yet those who hear it think they know．

    This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as a fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts．

1．According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _____．

     A．doing a medical experiment                B．solving a math problem

     C．visiting an exhibition                       D．doing scientific reasoning

2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to ______．

     A．active learning                               B．knowledge

     C．communication                              D．passive learning

3．The author mentions the game Rumor to show that ______．

     A．a message may be changed when being passed on

     B．a message should be delivered in different ways

     C．people may have problems with their sense of hearing

     D．people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor

4．What can we infer from the passage?

     A．Active learning is less important．

     B．Passive learning may not be reliable．

     C．Active learning occurs more frequently．

     D．Passive learning is not found among scholars．

根据首字母提示和所给的汉语填写单词。

1．One of the serious problems in the city is housing _______________ （短缺）．

2．English poetry in Chinese translation cannot be fully _______________（欣赏）．

3．They walked and talked along a country road, and finally p______________ at the crossing．

4．China is a country with more than fifty m_______________．

5．Perhaps the best example of u____________ understood body language is the smile．

Now with development of science and technology, people have a         1．_________

wider choice of send greetings to their friends and relatives．The            2．_________

traditional way is to send greeting cards in festival occasions, which          3．_________

takes a bit longer, but the familiar handwriting itself makes a friend be         4．_________

happy．Now, it is more popular to send flowers．Thanks to the Internet,                   5．_________

we can send e-cards instead of paper ones．Most of the e-cards are beautiful               6．_________

designed and many have music and cartoon．And they can be sent and     7．_________

receive almost the moment you click the button of “send”．Another        8．_________

way is to send mobile phone messages, which, in my opinion, the           9．_________

most convenient but therefore my favorite way of greeting a friend．       10．_________

南充高中号召创建节约型校园，可是浪费现象依然极其严重。请你在班会课上发表演讲，号召同学们从我做起，杜绝浪费。

注意：

1．词数120左右，演讲的开头和结尾已写好，不记入总词数；

2．不要逐次逐条翻译，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文。

Dear friends,

May I have your attention, please? Now I’d like to make a speech here．

    As we all know, there is a lot of waste on campus．For example, some students…

    Therefore, I’m sure, with everyone doing his bit, we will change the present situation for the

better．

    That’s all．Thank you!

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Let's go to _____ cinema that'll take your mind off the problem for _____ while．

A．the; the         B．the; a           C．a; the             D．a; a

This is an opinion ______ on the facts．

A．based         B．basing             C．that base            D．which based

We should think of the problems that may ______ in the future．

A．come up with                              B．come across

C．come up                                 D．come out

_____ his being late again, he lost his job and had to stay at home．

A．Owe to                                  B．As result of

C．In case of                                D．Because of

Visitors _____ not to touch the exhibits．

A．will request                                            B．request

C．are requesting                            D．are requested