Both warm-blooded and cold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat. Warm- blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underground burrows. At night they search for food. Animals that are out during the day, such as cold-blooded lizards and snakes, are active only for short periods. As their body temperature rises, these reptiles（爬行动物） move into the shade in order to cool down. In the early evening, when the sun grows weaker, the reptiles become more active and begin their search for food again.

　　Getting enough water to survive is a major problem for all desert animals. Some desert animals, like desert birds, manage to find water holes. Other desert animals, such as the kangaroo rat and the related jerboa, get water only from the food that they eat. Because these animals eat mainly dry seeds, they must survive on a tiny amount of water.

　　Most deserts have only a small number of frogs and toads because these animals must be near water to survive. Yet even these creatures have adapted(适应) to desert conditions. When small amounts of water collect in temporary streams, the desert-living frogs and toads become active. After a rainfall, they lay their eggs. The eggs grow into tadpoles in a few days and into adults in just four weeks. When the puddles(水坑) dry up, the adult frogs or toads dig into the ground. Their metabolism(新陈代谢) slows, and they stay beneath the ground until the next rain, which may be as good as a year away. Until then, their bodily activities continue at a reduced rate.

　　The camel ― often called the ship of the desert ― is one of the most successful desert animals. Camels can go for long periods without water, but eventually they must drink. When water becomes available to them after a long drought, they may drink 95 liters of water or more. When water is not available, what helps camels survive the desert heat is the fat stored in their humps(驼峰). A camel’s hump contains about 12 kilograms of fat. Fat is rich in hydrogen. As the fat is digested, hydrogen from the fat combines with oxygen in the air that the camel breathes. The result is H2O, or water. Each kilogram of fat that a camel digests produces about a liter of water.

41. Desert animals are usually more active at night because _____.

　A. it is cooler at night        B. it is easier to find water

　C. they like the dark         D. they are less likely to be attacked at night

42. Which of the following desert animals can get water only from the food?

　A. The camel.     B. The kangaroo.     C. The frog.    D. The rat.

43. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　A. All the desert animals rest during the day.

　B. All the desert animals don’t rest during the day.

　C. Cold-blooded desert animals are out most of the day.

　D. None of the cold-blooded desert animals go out during the day.

44. The title for this passage could probably be _____.

　A. Hot Deserts                            B. Desert Animals

　C. How Desert Animals Get Water            D. Ways To Escape the Desert Heat

45. The underlined word “burrows” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _____.

　A. holes        B. caves       C. rooms        D. openings

   In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition(学会)of each new skill ― the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is common that parents hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, and a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm(热情) for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

　　Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over time of coming home at night or punctuality(准时) for meals. In general, the controls imposed(强加的) represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community(社区) as much as the child’s own happiness.

　　As regards the development of moral standards （道德标准））in the growing child, consistency（连贯性） is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach(说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.

　　A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.

46. Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills_____.

　A. should be avoided

　B. is universal among parents

　C. sets up dangerous states of worry in the child

　D. will make him lose interest in learning new things

47. When children are learning new skills, parents should_____.

　A. encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read

　B. not expect too much of them

　C. achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own

　D. create as many learning opportunities as possible

48. The second paragraph mainly tells us that _____.

　A. parents should be strict with their children

　B. parental controls satisfy only the needs of the parents and the values of the community

　C. parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone

　D. parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation

49. The underlined word “precept” (in Paragraph 3) probably means “_____”.

　A. idea   B. punishment   C. behavior D. instruction

50. In moral matters, parents should _____.

　A. observe the rules themselves

　B. be aware of the marked difference between adults and children

　C. forbid things which have no foundation in morality

D. satisfy their children’s needs

人类已经进入一个崭新的世纪，不同的人有不同的幸福观。某刊物正在中学生中进行幸福观的讨论，请根据下表的提示，用英语写一篇短文，以便向该刊投稿。

注意：

1.                   词数：120左右；

2.                   必须阐明自己对个别观点的看法；

3.                   不能照抄表中内容。

4.                   开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Happiness

    Happiness means different things to different people…

    Although different people value happiness differently, my “wealth” of happiness is in my study.

     Not many years ago, a wealthy and rather strange old man named Johnson lived alone in a village in the south of England. He had made a lot of money in trading with foreign countries. When he was 75, he gave £12,000 to the village school to buy land and equipment for a children’s playground.

   As a result of his kindness, many people came to visit him. Among them was a newspaperman. During their talk, Johnson remarked that he was 75 and expected to live to be 100, and the newspaperman asked him how he managed to be healthy at 75. Johnson had a sense of humor. He liked whisky and drank some each day. “I have an injection(注射)in my neck each evening”, he told the newspaperman, thinking of his evening glass of whisky.

    The newspaperman did not understand what Johnson meant. In his newspaper he reported that Johnson was 75 and had a daily injection in his neck. Within a week Johnson received thousands of letters from all over Britain, asking him for the secret of his daily injection.

36. Johnson became a rich man through _____.

  A. doing business    B. making whisky    C. cheating   D. buying and selling land

37. The gift of money to the school suggests that Johnson ____.

    A. had no children      

    B. was a strange man  

    C. was very warm-hearted and fond of children

  D. wanted people to know how rich he was

38. Many people wrote to Johnson probably to find out ____.

  A. what kind of whisky he drank

  B. how to live alone

  C. how to become wealthy

  D. in which part of the neck he had an injection each day

39. When Johnson said he had an injection in his neck each evening, he really meant that ____

  A. he liked drinking a glass of whisky in the evening

  B. he needed an injection in the neck

  C. a daily injecting in the evening would make him sleep well

  D. there was something wrong with his neck

40. From the passage we can infer that Johnson would be very ____ after he read those people’s letters.

  A. miserable       B. glad       C. surprised       D. said

  I shall never forget the day when the earthquake took place. The time was 5:15 in the afternoon and I was driving along the road to _16 my daughter from school. Our plan was to go  17  together. I had finished work at about 4 o’clock and then  18  to the post office. Then I stopped  19  at a shop in order to get some  20   fruit. We like to have some fruit to eat after our swim.

  I was driving along a high road on my way to the school. Over my road was another way for cars coming the other way. I was  21  so I put the bag of apples in the seat 22  me and started to eat one.

  Suddenly I saw the cars in front of me start to move from side to side. I slowed down. Then  23  started to shake. I didn’t know what was happening.  24 something had gone wrong with my car. I drove  25  slower. I stopped the car and at the same moment the road fell onto the cars in front of me.

  I found myself in the dark. I couldn’t move. The bottom parts of both my legs and my  26  were hurting badly and I couldn’t move them. All around me was  27  . But below me I could hear shouts and a lot of noise. Then I  28  what had happened. I had been in an earthquake.

  For about two hours nobody came. Luckily I could  29  the bag of apples, so at least I had plenty to eat. Then I  30  people climbing towards me. A team of people had come to see if anyone was under the broken  31 . I called out “ I’m here!” I heard a shout, soon 32 climbed to the side of the bridge near my car, “How are you doing?” he asked.

  “Not too bad,” I said, “ but my feet and legs 33 as if they’re broken.”

  “We’ll have you out of there just as  34  as we can,” he said. They didn’t get me out  35  the next morning. I had been in my car for 14 hours.

The winter is already here, and ___ to be a most cold one.

  A. goes          B. promises       C. likes          D. knows

The middle-aged woman ___ the habit of smoking.

  A .improved      B. increased      C. supported     D. developed

Students should play more on the playground to ___ up their bodies.

___ his work, he started to play the computer games.