Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A―F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

95. ___________________

     Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism. They have a way for self-promotion and they have so much money to throw around. It's strange that this entirely unproductive industry should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don't they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it's the consumer who pays.

96. ___________________

We get the wrong idea if we think we only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more likely that you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. , from an advertisement.

97. ___________________

It's hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.

98. ___________________

    We must not forget, either, that advertising makes ~ positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of money. The fact that we so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is benefited entirely from the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!

99. ___________________

    Another thing we mustn't forget is the “small ads.” which are in almost every newspaper and magazine. What a useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the "hatch, match and dispatch" columns.

Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (基础) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.

     In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotion. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us ―― hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad", and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements and uses the legal and penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.

91. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that __________.

   A. they would not be able to tell the texture of objects

   B. they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them

   C. they would not be happy with a life without love

   D. they would do things that hurt each other's feelings

92. According to the passage, people's learning activities are possible because they ________

   A. believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive

   B. benefit from providing help and support to one another

   C. enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing

   D. know what is vital to the progress of society

93. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on ________

   A. the ability to make money

   B. the will to work for pleasure

   C. the capacity to enjoy incentives

   D. the categorizations of our emotional experiences

94. Emotions are significant for man's survival and adaptation because ________

   A. they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects

   B. they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained

   C. they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements

   D. they generate more love than hate among people

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War (1861 - 1865) a government train carrying oxen was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The driver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat, and healthy. How had they survived?

    The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans had trampled (践踏) underfoot in their haste（匆忙）to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage (草料) was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west, that familiar blue joint grass was often killed by drought. To raise cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.

     Who could imagine a fairy-tale grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, not only were they immune to drought, but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year, for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

87. What does the passage mainly discuss?

   A. Western migration after the Civil War.

   B. The raising of cattle.

   C. The climate of the western United States.

   D. A type of wild vegetation.

88. What can we infer from the cultivated grasses mentioned in the second paragraph?

   A. Cattle raised in the western United States refused to eat it.

   B. Those from the eastern parts would not grow well in the western United States.

   C. Those had to be imported into the United States.

   D. It was difficult for cattle to digest.

89. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a characteristic of western grasses?

   A. They have tough stems.                  B. They are not affected by dry weather.

   C. They contain little moisture.             D. They can be grown indoors.

90. According to the passage, the cattle helped promote the growth of the wild grasses by ________.

   A. stepping on and pressing the seeds into the ground

   B. naturally fertilizing the soil

   C. continually moving from one grazing area to another

   D. eating only small quantities of grass

Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view.

    The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.

    The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears, clothing and some sorts of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

    By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.

    On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels, more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

    A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. After filling stomachs, our clothes, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, ,safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

83. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ________.

   A. he has saved up enough money

   B. he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter

   C. he has satisfied his hunger for food

   D. he has learned to build house

84. It can be inferred from the passage that at the end of World War II most Americans ________.

   A. were very rich                                                    B. live in poverty

   C. had the good things on the first three levels            D. did not own automobiles

85. What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?

   A. The more goods the better                     B. The more mental satisfaction the better

   C. The more "luxury" items the better         D. The more earnings the better

86. The author is inclined to think that a fifth level ________

   A. would be little better than the fourth level

   B. may be a lot more desirable than the first four

   C. can be the last and most satisfying level

   D. will become attainable provided the government takes actions

Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course that he attends gives him a credit, which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses, each lasting for a term. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend two terms a year. It is possible to spread a period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this in fact is not done as a regular practice.

      For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded and available for the student to show employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of study, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activities in student affairs. Elections to positions in the student union arouse great interests. Students who are qualified usually perform the effective work of the student union. With the big numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain number of activities. A student who has held one of these positions in the union is much respected and it will be of benefit to him.

79. How many classes does an American student have to attend each term to get a credit?

   A. 30              B. 40               C. 45               D. 60

80. According to the writer, a grade is provided ________.

   A. to the parents who care for it

   B. to impose a pressure on the students

   C. to see whether a student is more intelligent

   D. as a record showed to the employers in job-interview.

81. The bolded phrase "be of benefit" means ________.

   A. be demanding     B. be pleasant       C. be rewarding       D. be considerate

82. Which of the following is unlikely to be inferred from the passage?

   A. A student can get two degrees from different universities at the same time.

   B. A student is allowed to study in two specific universities.

   C. A student may continue to study for degree while working.

   D. It is possible for a student to take five years to get a degree.

There is no doubt that people and even highly educated adults vary greatly in the speed and efficiency of their reading. Some proceed very slowly throughout; others dash along too ____64____ and then have to go back. Poor readers in particular may lack the ability to ____65____ their tensions in reading. A great reader can move at great speed through the text of a novel or ____66____ light reading matter. He may be able to ____67____ a page, picking up a word or two here and there, and gain a ____68____ idea what the text is about without really reading it. In reading more difficult material, with the intension of taking in the whole of it, he ____69____ more slowly, but even then he will vary his pace, ____70____ on the key words and passages and pass more quickly over the ____71____.  A less efficient reader tends to maintain the same speed whatever material he reads. ____72____ even light reading matters requires special concentration at difficult ____73____.

A type of reading which requires careful attention to ____74____ is proofreading ( 校对 ) , in which the reader, in order to ____75____ misprints in a sample print; has to notice not so much the meaning of what he reads as the exact Shape and order of letters and words in the text. This is extremely difficult for most people, since they are accustomed to ____76____   such details. In fact, extreme practice is required to practice this task ____77____ and it can be done only by reading very slowly, and by paying comparatively ____78____ attention to the general meaning on the text.

     We're waiting to take trips to outer space. When will it happen? According to individuals in the growing field of space tourism, it may be in five or fifty years.

     Space Adventures is taking ____55____ for the flights, similar to the first manned spaceflights. The trip will cost $ 90,000, with a $ 6,000 deposit required.  More than 200 people have made reservations, said Sarah, Dalton, the company spokeswoman.

     John Spencer of the Space Tourism Society says that a more realistic ____56____ for regular space travel is 50 years. Issues of expense, difficulty, and danger must still be resolved. Oh yes --- a reusable vehicle must ____57____ be invented.  He adds, however, that ten years from now, a ____58____ number of people may be able to visit a space station. He says he expects a fleet of private space vehicles or “space yachts (快艇)” to be in ____59____ in 20 to 25 years. They will do what he calls “orbital super yachting.” After that, there will be cruise lines, like those that travel the Earth's oceans, as well as space hotels and resorts.

     There have been only a few studies to determine the public's interest in space tourism, but they all conclude that a ____60____ of people would like to visit space and would be willing to pay good money for it.

     According to expert Patrick Collins, between 5 million and 20 million people will head for space by 2030. He also ____61____ 100 flights a day leaving Earth. It would be ____62____ to have more than 100 hotels in Earth's orbit, a few more orbiting the moon, and a few on the moon's surface. These hotels would ____63____ more than 100,000 people, who would work month-long shifts. Each hotel would have a service station. Such service stations would provide oxygen, water, and hydrogen. They might also ship environmentally safe electric power back to Earth. If all the issues can be resolved, Collins says that space tourism could one day become a $1 trillion industry.

 I am __________ talking to you. You never listen to me.

  A. ignorant of           B. tired from         C. bored of                   D. fed up with

It ______________ me to explain to him what happened.

  A. turned to                     B. fell to               C. led to                       D. took to

The journey usually takes weeks but you should ______________ possible delays caused by bad weather or traffic jams.

  A. provide for           B. allow for                  C. make room for          D. give way to