As you dash outdoors in the middle of winter, you might make it halfway down the block before realizing that your ears are freezing because you forgot your hat.

Now, scientists have shown that even though you’ve had an apparent memory lapse(丧失), your brain never forgot what you should have done. Ww w.ks 5u.c om

Memory works mainly by association. For example, as you try to remember where you left your keys, you might recall you last had them in the living room, which reminds you that there was an ad for soap on television, which reminds you that you need soap, and so on. And then, as you’re heading out of the door to buy soap, you remember that your keys are on the kitchen counter. Your brain knew where the keys were all along. It just took a round-about way to get there.

Now, scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies are studying associative memory in monkeys to figure out just how this complicated process works.

First, the researchers trained a group of monkeys to remember arbitrary(任意的) pairs of symbols. The researchers showed the monkeys one symbol(cold weather) and then gave them the choice of two other symbols, one of which (a hat) would be associated with the first. A correct choice would earn them a sip of their favorite juice.

Most of the monkeys performed the test perfectly, but one kept making mistakes.

“We wondered what happened in the brain when the monkey made the wrong choice, although it apparently learned the right pairing of symbols,” said study leader Thomas Albright.

Albright and his team observed signals from the nerve cells in the monkey’s inferior temporal cortex (ITC), an area of its brain used for visual pattern recognition and for storing this type of memory.

As the monkey was deciding which symbol to choose, about a quarter of the activity in the ITC was due to the choice behavior. www.ks5u.com

Meanwhile, more than half the activity was in a different group of nerve cells, which scientists believe represent the monkey’s memory of the correct symbol pairing, and surprisingly, these cells continued to fire even when the monkey chose the wrong symbol.

“In this sense, the cells ‘knew’ more than the monkeys let on in their behavior,” Albright said. “Thus, behavior may vary, but knowledge endures.

 

57.The example of the keys and soap is given to explain the relationship between __________.

       A.memory lapse and human brain                    B.memory and association

       C.memory and television ads                           D.memory and our daily life

58.Which of the following best expresses the general idea of the text?

       A.Your brain may forget something, but not always.

       B.Activity is a round-about way to memory.

 C.Your brain remembers what you forget.

       D.Monkeys have better memory than us.

59.The researchers believe the monkey that made the wrong choice ________.

A.also knew the correct answer

B.had the worst memory

C.failed to see the objects well      

D.had some trouble with its nerve system

60.The underlined word “endures” may be best replaced by __________.

       A.disappears   B.increases        C.improves         D.remains

It was 3:12 a.m. when nine-year-old Glenn Kreamer awoke to the smell of burning. Except for the crackling(爆裂声) of flames somewhere below there was not a sound in the two-storey house at Baldwin, Long Island. With his father away on night duty at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his sister Karen, 14 and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped each one through the house to the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, collapsed on the lawn.

    The nine-year-old raced back into the house and upstairs to his mother’s room. He found it impossible to wake her up. Mrs. Kreamer, a victim of the smoke, was unconscious, and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden. But the boy remained calm and , as a fireman said later, “acted with all the self-control of a trained adult.”

   On the bedroom telephone, luckily still working, Glenn called his father and, leaving Mr. Kreamer to telephone the fire brigade and ambulance service, got on with the task of saving his mother.

   First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden.

   He could hear the fire engine coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where flames had almost swallowed up the ground floor?

Grasping firmly a ball of string(线绳) from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and dashed upstairs to his mother’s room. Tying one end of the string to her hand, he ran back, laying out the string as he went, through the hall and back out into the garden.

Minutes later he was telling fire chief John Coughlan: “The string will lead you to my mother.” Mrs. Kreamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor.

 

53.How did Glenn help the firemen to save his mother?

A.By throwing water all over her and her bed.

B.By carrying her to safety with his brother.

C.By pushing and pulling at her.

D.By tying a string to her hand.

54.Who called the fire brigade and ambulance service?

A.Glenn.     B.Glenn’s father.    C.Glenn’s sister.    D.Glenn’s neighbor.

55.What did Glenn do to protect himself?

A.He put a wet cloth around his head.      B.He threw water all over himself.

C.He hid himself in the bathroom.           D.He rushed out to the lawn.

56.Glenn saved his family because___________.

A.his father had taught him to do so on the phone

B.he had learned something about first aid

C.he had dealt with the emergency calmly and wisely

D.he had followed his mother’s instruction

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49.From the reading we know that all the four books are intended for________.

A. teachers                  B. adults                       C. children                   D. women

50.Some of the four books were illustrated in order to________.

A. help readers understand them better

B. persuade more readers to buy them

C. reduce the cost of them

D. make them suitable for different readers

51.If you buy all the four books in April, 2005, you will have to pay______ for them.

A. $65                        B. $80                          C. $90                         D. $130

52.The purpose of the passage is to________.

A. introduce the four books to readers

B. help children to learn English

C. make students know the importance of learning

D. sell the four books to students

Sometimes, something that is considered to be negative turns out to be an advantage on the job. Though he is only l8 years old and blind, Suleyman Gokyigit is among the top computer technicians and programmers at InteliData Technologies Corp., a large software company with several offices across the United States.

"After our company united with another one last October, two different computer networks were driving us crazy," recalls Douglas Braun, the InteliData president. "We couldn't even send e-mails to each other.” In three weeks Mr Gokyigit created the software needed to connect the two networks. "None of the company's 350 other employees could have done the job in three months," says Mr. Braun." Suleyman can 'see' into the heart of the computer.”

Mr. Gokyigit's gift, as Mr. Braun calls it, is an unusual ability to form an idea of the inside of a machine. "The computer permits me to reach out into the world and do almost anything I want to do," says Mr. Gokyigit.

The young program www.ks5u.com mer is at home with hardware as well, thanks partly to a highly developed sense of touch. Mitzi Nowakowski, an office manager at InteliData, remembers how he easily disconnected and reconnected their computer systems during a move last year. "Through feel, Suleyman can find the position of connectors, pins and wires much faster than most other people with sight," he says.

Much of the student programmer's speed comes from his ability not to be interrupted while at the computer. When typing, he listens carefully to the synthesizer(合成器). His long, thin fingers fly over the keyboard. "Nothing seems to shake his attention," says Mrs. Nowakowski, his boss.

Mr. Gokyigit is the only company employee who is available 24 hours a day. "We consider him our top problem solver." says Mr. Braun.

 

45. According to Mr. Braun, Suleyman ________________.

    A. can work wonders on computers

    B. is the best technician in the world

    C. has done a hard job in three months

    D. has united InteliData Technologies Corp. with another computer company

46. The underlined part "is at home with hardware" (Paragraph 4) means _________.

    A. is good at dealing with computer hardware

    B. is fond of computer hardware

    C. works with com www.ks5u.com puter hardware at home

    D. feels comfortable when working with computer hardware

47. Suleyman was quick while at the computer mostly because of ______.

A. his blindness and love for computers     B. his attention on the synthesizer

C. his long, thin fingers                            D. his concentration at work

48. The author uses this story mainly to tell us that _______.

    A. computer technicians are more likely to be gifted

    B. one's disadvantages may prove to be advantages

    C. the disabled can also play an important role in society

    D. top computer scientists have unusual abilities to form ideas of computers

A mother came to the police station and put cash totaling $19.53 on a table. Her young son added another 85 cents to the little pile. It turned out that, after two days, they were the only people to return money picked up from a truck that fell over on an overpass and rained more than half a million dollars onto the street below. Police said that witnesses reported seeing people load money into their cars and drive off while the truck driver lay bleeding. Police required people to return the money, but sadly they got nothing but laughter until a mother and a boy came in.

 “I have children and I need to set a good example,” said the mother of six, who could have used a little extra cash to supplement her low wage.

When this mother one day passes away, she will leave her children a lot to benefit from. Maybe not a pile of money, but she will leave them an example of life of honesty and self-respect. She will leave them something far more important than wealth.

Most people talk about values and what they believe to be right and wrong. But I’ve noticed that our real values can be seen by the way we live. It is the things we do and the choices we make that show what we truly believe.

 

41. The mother and son went to the police station to______.

A. gave their money to the police           B. return the money from the truck

C. report an accident to the police          D. comfort the unfortunate driver

42. What is the right order of the following events according to the passage?

a. The mother and son went to see the police.

b. A lot of money dropped onto the street.

c. The police asked people to return the money to the police.

d. Some people picked up the money.

e. A truck turned over on an overpass.

A. ebadc       B. dbace         C. ebdca         D. eacdb

43. The underlined word “supplement” most probably means “_____”.

A. add to       B. take from      C. save          D. increase

44. In the last paragraph the writer is _______.

A. continuing to tell the story

B. making a point about beliefs and action

C. describing the mother’s honesty and self-respect

D. asking other people to follow the mother and son’s example

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