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What makes people happier: money or having happy friends and neighbors? Researchers from Harvard University and the University of California,
Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler based the study on the emotional health of almost five thousand people. They used information gathered over a period of twenty years, until 2003, in the Framingham Heart Study. That study began sixty years ago in
The new study found that friends of happy people had a greater chance of being happy themselves. And the smaller the physical distance between friends, the larger the effect they had on each other’s happiness.
For example, a person was twenty percent more likely to feel happy if a friend living within one and a half kilometers was also happy. Having a happy neighbor who lived next door increased an individual’s chance of being happy by thirty-four percent. The effects of friends’ happiness lasted for up to a year.
The researchers found that happiness really is contagious. Sadness also spread among friends, but not as much as happiness.
People removed by as much as three degrees of separation still had an effect on a person’s happiness. Three degrees of separation means the friend of a friend of a friend.
The study showed that having an extra five thousand dollars increased a person’s chances of becoming happier by about two percent. But the researchers found that the influence of a friend of a friend of a friend can be greater than that.
Another finding is that people who are married or work together do not have as much of an effect on happiness as friends do.
The findings appeared in the British Medical Journal. The National Institute on Aging in the
The study is described as the first to demonstrate the indirect spread of happiness. In other words, that your emotions can be affected by someone you do not directly know.
Earlier studies by the two researchers described the effects of social networks on obesity and efforts to stop smoking. The new study shows that happiness spreads through social networks like an emotional virus ― a virus people would be happy to catch.
The (71) ________ of the study | To find what makes people happier. |
The (72) ________ of the study | Having extra money meaning (73) _______ chances of becoming happier. |
People after marriage or working together not (74) _______ a person a lot. | |
Friends’ happiness having an (75) _________ on a person. | |
★ Happiness as well as sadness (76) _________ among friends. ★ (77)________ less than a year. ★ Three degrees of (78) _________ playing a role, too. | |
(79) ________ | (80) _________ happiness affecting a person more. |
I moved to a new neighborhood two months ago. In the house with a large 36 across the road lived a taxi driver, a single parent with two school-age children. At the end of the day, he would 37 his taxi on the road. I 38 why he did not park it in the garage.
Then one day I learnt that he had another car in his garage. In the afternoon he would come home from 39 , leave his taxi and go out for his 40 affairs in his other car, not in his taxi. I felt it was 41 .
I was curious to see his personal car but did not make it until I 42 to be outside one evening two weeks 43 , when the garage door was 44 and he drove out in his “own” car: a Rolls-Royce (劳斯莱斯)! It shook me completely 45 I realized what that meant. You see, he was a taxi driver. But 46 inside, he saw himself as something else: A Rolls-Royce owner and a (an) 47 . He drove others in his taxi but himself and his children in his Rolls-Royce. The world looked at his taxi and 48 him a taxi driver. But for him, a taxi was just something he drove for a living. Rolls-Royce was something he drove or a (an) 49 .
We go to bed every night and wake up every morning as parents or children, not as bankers, CEOs or professors. We go for a 50 as close friends or go for a vacation as a 51 . We love life as it is. Yet often, we base our entire happiness and success on how high we 52 the social ladder―how much bigger and better a 53 we have. And we 54 our Rolls-Royce, by keeping it dusty in our garage. We should focus more on 55 we are than what we do!
36. A. window | B. garage | C. door | D. yard |
37. A. park | B. stop | C. check | D. repair |
38. A. knew | B. understood | C. asked | D. wondered |
39. A. park | B. factory | C. road | D. work |
40. A. business | B. national | C. personal | D. public |
41. A. wasteful | B. meaningful | C. wonderful | D. plentiful |
42. A. appeared | B. intended | C. expected | D. happened |
43. A. later | B. more | C. ago | D. before |
44. A. broken | B. fine | C. shut | D. open |
45. A. once | B. before | C. when | D. until |
46. A. far | B. deep | C. long | D. little |
47. A. driver | B. engineer | C. father | D. son |
48. A. called | B. made | C. elected | D. turned |
49. A. experience | B. earning | C. life | D. position |
50. A. competition | B. performance | C. debate | D. party |
51. A. family | B. company | C. team | D. whole |
52. A. build | B. climb | C. stand | D. lay |
53. A. house | B. garage | C. car | D. taxi |
54. A. reject | B. boycott | C. ignore | D. value |
55. A. who | B. what | C. which | D. where |