People appear to be born to calculate. The numerical skills of children develop so early that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy―one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table, and a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, some people expect that if a child were on a desert island at birth and brought back seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.  

Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of psychologists has cast light on the unnoticeable forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped―or, as the case might be, came across―concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to admit that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short thick glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since proved that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be persuaded into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the most basic parts of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers―the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of object and is a prerequisite (先决条件) for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table―is itself far from natural born.  

 

72. What does the passage mainly discuss?  

A. The development of mathematical ability in children.  

B. Tendency in teaching children mathematics.  

C. The use of calculating in child psychology.  

D. The basic concepts of mathematics that children must learn.  

73. From the passage we can know that children _____.  

A. have an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth.  

B. begin to master simple counting soon after they learn to walk and talk.  

C. are born with numerical skills.  

D. can not understand abstract numbers.  

74. In this passage the author’s attitude towards “children numerical skills” is _____.  

A. critical             B. approving                C. questioning        D. objective  

75. Which of the following statements would the author most likely be against?  

A. Children learn mathematics naturally and easily.  

B. Children learn to add before they learn to subtract.  

C. Most people follow the same pattern of mathematical development.  

D. Mathematical development is unnoticeable and gradual.  

Welcome to my Message Board!

Subject: Slimming down classics?

  

Mr.  

Handsome  

2007-5-12  

6: 34 AM

Orion Books, which decides there is a market in creating cut-down classics, is slimming down some novels by such great writers as L. Tolstoy, M. Mitchell and C. Bronte. Now, each of them has been cut down to about 400 pages by cutting 30 to 40 pages per cent of original, with words, sentences, paragraphs and, in a few cases, chapters removed. The first six shortened editions, all priced at £6.99 and advertised as great reads “in half the time”, will go on sale next month, with plans for 50 to 100 more to follow. The publishing house believes that modern readers will welcome the shorter versions.

Mr. Edwards  

2007-5-12  

9: 40 AM

Well, I’m publisher of Orion Group. Thanks for your attention, Mr. Handsome.  

I must say, the idea developed from a game of “shame” in my office. Each of us was required to confess (承认) to the most embarrassing blanks in his or her reading. I admitted that I had never read Anna Karenina and tried but failed to get through Gone with the Wind several times. One of my colleagues acknowledged skipping Jane Eyre. We realized that life is too short to read all the books you want to and we never were going to read these ones.  

As a leading publishing house, we are trying to make classics convenient for readers but it’s not as if we’re withdrawing the original versions. They are still there if you want to read them.

Ms. Weir 2007-5-12  

11:35 AM

I’m director of the online bookclub www.lovereading.co.uk  

Mr. Edwards, I think your shortened editions are a breath of fresh air. I’m guilty of never having read Anna Karenina, because it’s just so long. I’d much rather read two 300-page books than one 600-page book. I am looking forward to more shortened classics!

Mr. Crockatt  

2007-5-12  

4:38 PM

I’m from the London independent bookshop Corckatt & Powell.  

In my opinion, the practice is completely ridiculous. How can you edit the classics? I’m afraid reading some of these books is hard work, and that is why you have to develop as a reader. If people don’t have time to read Anna Karenina, then fine. But don’t read a shortened version and kid yourself it’s the real thing.

 

64. According to the message board, Orion Books _____.  

A. opposes the reading of original classics  

B. is embarrassed for cutting down classics  

C. thinks cut-down classics have a bright future  

D. is cautions in its decision to cut down classics  

65. In Mr. Edwards’ opinion, Orion Group is shortening classics to _____.  

A. make them easier to read                               B. meet a large demand in the market  

C. increase the sales of literary books                  D. compete with their original versions  

66. By describing the shortened classics as “a breath of fresh air”, Ms. Weir_____ .  

A. speaks highly of the cut-down classics             B. shows her love for original classics  

C. feels guilty of not reading the classics               D. disapprove of shortening the classics  

67 Mr. Crockatt seems to imply that _____.  

A. reading the classic works is a confusing attempt  

B. shortening the classics does harm to the original  

C. publishing the cut-down classics is a difficult job  

D. editing the classic works satisfies children’s needs  

68. How many classics are involved in the massage board?  

A. Two.                              B. Three.                       C. Four.                     D. Five  

Men and women have different tastes in food, with men favoring meat and poultry (家禽), and women fruits and vegetables, researchers said in what was said to be the most extensive (广泛的) study so far of gender (性别) differences in eating habits.  

More than 14,000 adult men and women, were surveyed from May 2006 to April 2007, for the Foodbome Disease Active Surveillance (监督) Network (FoodNet), to determine their eating habits, including high risk foods such as undercooked meat and eggs.  

“To our knowledge, there have been studies in the literature on gender differences in eating habits, but nothing this extensive," the epidemiologist (流行病学家) told the 2008 International Conference on Infectious Diseases in Atlanta, Georgia.  

Researchers found that men were more likely to eat meat and poultry, especially duck, veal, and ham, and certain shellfish such as shrimp and oysters.  

Women instead were more likely to eat vegetables, especially carrots and tomatoes, and fruits, especially strawberries, blueberries, raspberries and apples. Women also preferred dry foods, such as almonds and walnuts, and were more likely to consume eggs and yogurt when compared with men.  

There were also some exceptions to the eating trends of each gender: men were significantly more likely to eat asparagus (芦笋) and brussels sprouts (洋白菜) than women, while women were more likely to consume fresh hamburgers as opposed to the frozen kind, which the men preferred.  

And regarding high risk foods, the researchers found that significantly more men consumed undercooked meat and eggs than women, while more women were more likely to eat alfalfa sprouts.  

Men’s preference for meat explains why men have more cases than women when it comes to high cholesterol (胆固醇), the study said.  

 

60. The conclusion of the one-year study shows that _____.  

A. men and women differ in eating habits  

B. men prefer meat while women vegetables  

C. there is high risk in eating undercooked food  

D. eating habits are changeable  

61. According to the passage, men tend to eat the following foods EXCEPT _____.  

A. ham                 B. yogurt                  C. shrimp                 D. poultry  

62. It is implied in the last paragraph that _____.  

A. women are healthier than men  

B. men like meat better than women do  

C. men are more likely to be ill as a result of eating meat  

D. men have more problems because of their eating undercooked meat and eggs  

63. The underlined word “veal” is probably a kind of _____.  

A. grain                B. shellfish                 C. meat                 D. fruit  

The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by the locals.  

During the opening ceremony, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands. Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture. Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance. Kneeling in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair. Their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.  

The races begin. The local and visiting Italian dogs are anxious to run after hares. The crowd is on its feet for the camel races. Camels and riders run far into the distance, and then return to the finish line in front of the cheering people.  

Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely exciting horserace. All the riders run very fast on horseback. Some ride hanging off the side of the saddle. Some even ride upside down their legs and feet straight up in the air―all at full speed. Others rush down the course together, arm in arm, mounted (按在马上) on different horses. On and on they go. So fast and so wonderful!  

 

56. The Sahara Festival is a festival which _____.  

A. has a very long history in North Africa  

B. is held on the same day each year  

C. is attended mainly by the people in the Sahara  

D. is celebrated mostly by travelers from different countries  

57. Before the races begin, _____ take part in the activities during the opening ceremonies.  

A. musicians, dancers, horses and hares                 B. camel riders, musicians, dogs and hares  

C. horsemen, dancers, camels and dogs                  D. musicians, officials, camels and horses  

58. The underlined word “finale” in the fourth paragraph most probably means the _____ of the opening day.  

A. first part             B. middle part             C. last part             D. whole  

59. This passage mainly tells readers _____.  

A. what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival  

B. how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival  

C. what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival  

D. how animals race on the first and the last day of the Sahara Festival  

London―life for Cathy Hagner and her three children is set to permanent (不大可能改变的).  

Their  36  school day and her job as a lawyer’s assistant are busy enough.  37  Hagner also has to take the two boys to soccer or hockey or basketball while dropping off her  38  at piano lessons or Girl Scout Club.  

39 , the exhausted (筋疲力尽的) family doesn’t get home until 7 PM. There is just time for a quick   40  before homework.  

In today’s world, middle-class American and British parents treat their children  41  they were competitors  42  for some finishing line.  

Parents take their children from activity to activity to make their future  43 . It seems that raising a genius (英才) has become a more  44  goal than raising a happy and well-balanced child.  

45  across the country are reporting a growing number of children  46  from stomachaches and headaches  47  exhaustion and stress," says child expert William Doherty of the University of Minnesota.  

Teachers are  48   exhausted kids in the classroom. It's a very serious problem. Many children attend  49  clubs by necessity. But competitive pressures also  50  an explosion of activities. They  51  sports, language, music and maths classes for children as  52  as four.  

“There is a new parenting trend under way which says you have to tap all your child’s potential at a young age,  53  you will let them down,” says Terry Apter, a Cambridge-based child and adolescent psychiatrist (青少年精神病专家).  

“It isn’t entirely  54 ; there have always been pushy parents. But what was seen as strange behavior before is now well  55 .”  

36. A. half

B. part

C. full

D. whole 

37. A. And

B. So

C. But

D. For 

38. A. daughter

B. son

C. girl

D. kid 

39. A. Often

B. However

C. Though

D. Seldom 

40. A. lunch

B. supper

C. breakfast

D. tea 

41 A. even if

B. as if

C. now that

D. in case 

42. A. hoping

B. caring

C. calling

D. racing 

43. A. equal

B. smooth

C. excited

D. bright 

44. A. Exact

B. Excellent

C. Difficult

D. important 

45. A. Doctors

B. Lawyers

C. Engineers

D. Businessmen 

46. A. dying

B. preventing

C. suffering

D. learning 

47. A. due to

B. so as to

C. according to

D. referring to 

48. A. dealing with

B. playing with

C. going on with

D. getting on with 

49. A. grown-up

B. bodybuilding

C. after-school

D. night 

50. A. grow

B. reduce

C. stop

D. create 

51. A. have

B. enjoy

C. teach

D. include 

52. A. old

B. young

C. many

D. much 

53. A. except that

B. therefore

C. otherwise

D. unless 

54. A. old

B. new

C. wrong

D. fight 

55. A. respected

B. accepted

C. refused

D. managed 

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