In 1999, twelve percent of public elementary schools in the United States required students to wear uniforms. Just three years later, the amount was almost double that.

A study of six big-city Ohio public schools showed students who were required to wear uniforms had improved graduation, behavior and attendance rates. Academic performance was unchanged.

Some high schools in Texas have also joined in the movement. Yet studies find mixed results from requiring uniforms. And some schools have turned away from such policies.

Supporters believe dressing the same creates a better learning environment and safer schools. The school district in Long Beach, California, was the first in the country to require uniforms in all elementary and middle schools. The example helped build national interest in uniforms as a way to deal with school violence and improve learning.

Findings in Long Beach suggested that the policy resulted in fewer behavior problems and better attendance. But researcher Viktoria, who has looked at those findings, says they were based only on opinions about the effects of uniforms.

She says other steps taken at the same time to improve schools in Long Beach and statewide could have influenced the findings. The district (the area marked by government) increased punishments for misbehavior. And California passed a law to reduce class sizes.

In Florida, for example, researcher Sharon found that uniforms seemed to improve behavior and reduce violence. In Texas, Eloise found fewer discipline problems among students required to wear uniforms, but no effect on attendance.

Sociologist David has studied school uniform policies since1998.He collected the reports in the book. In his own study, he found that reading and mathematics performance dropped after a school in Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚州) required uniforms.

Political and community pressures may persuade schools to go to uniforms to improve learning. But David and others believe there is not enough evidence of a direct relationship. In fact, he says requiring uniforms may even increase discipline problems.

Which of the following researchers are NOT supporters of school uniform policies?

A.Viktoria and Sharon.                              B.Sharon and David.

C.Eloise and Sharon.                               D.Viktoria and David.

The underlined word“misbehavior”in the sixth paragraph probably means ________.

A.serious crime                                     B.bad performance  

C.absence for class                                   D.action against wearing uniforms

What can we infer from the passage?

A.More work is needed to get better information about uniform’s effect.

B.The number of schools requiring uniforms in the U.S. will become less sharply.

C.Wearing uniforms has little to do with behavior and learning.

D.Politicians and communities won’t vote for uniform policies.  

What’s the main idea of this passage?

A.More and more students are required to wear uniforms in the U.S.

B.Wearing uniforms contributes to good academic performance.

C.Researchers in the U.S. argue for school uniform policies.

D.Evidence for school uniform polices in the U.S. is seen as weak. 

Having reached the highest point of our route according to plan, we discovered something the map had not told us. It was impossible to climb down into the Kingo valley. The river lay deep between mountain sides that were almost vertical(垂直).We couldn’t find any animal tracks, which usually show the best way across country, and the slopes were covered so thickly with bushes that we could not see the nature of the ground. We had somehow to break through to the river which would give us our direction out of the mountains into the inhabited lowlands.

       Our guide cut a narrow path through the bushes with his long knife and we followed in single file. Progress was slow. Then, when we thought we had really reached the river, we found ourselves instead on the edge of a cliff with a straight drop of 1,000 feet to the water below. We climbed back up the slope and began to look for another way down. We climbed slipped, sweated and scratched our hands to pieces and finally arrived at the river. Happily we came downhill along its bank without having to cut our way. However, after a few miles the river entered a steep-sided gap between rocks and suddenly dropped thirty-five feet over a waterfall. There was no path alongside it and no way round it.

       Then one of the guides saw a way of overcoming the difficulty. There was a fallen tree lying upside down over the waterfall with its leafy top resting on the opposite bank below the falls. Without hesitation he climbed down the slippery trunk to show us how easy it was. Having got to the fork of the tree, he moved hand over hand along a branch for four or five feet with his legs hanging in space, then he dropped onto the flat bank the other side, throwing his arms in the air like a footballer who has scored goal, and cheerfully waving us on.

74.Having reached the highest point on their route, the travelers expected to be able to     .

       A.track animals to the river

       B.put away the maps they had been using

       C.come near to the river from a different direction

       D.get down to the river without much difficulty.

75.The travelers wanted to get to the river because      .

       A.it would lead them to the waterfall

       B.it would show them which way to go

       C.it was the only possible way out of the mountains

       D.it was a quicker way than going over the mountains

76.One reason why the travelers took so long to get to the river was that      .

       A.it was too hot to move quickly

       B.there was no proper path

C.they all tried to go different ways

       D.they could not follow the animal tracks

77.To get past the waterfall the guide had to      .

       A.use a fallen tree as a kind of bridge

       B.cross the river above the waterfall

       C.slide down a steep river bank

D.swing across the river from a high branch

 0  30626  30634  30640  30644  30650  30652  30656  30662  30664  30670  30676  30680  30682  30686  30692  30694  30700  30704  30706  30710  30712  30716  30718  30720  30721  30722  30724  30725  30726  30728  30730  30734  30736  30740  30742  30746  30752  30754  30760  30764  30766  30770  30776  30782  30784  30790  30794  30796  30802  30806  30812  30820  151629 

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网