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About six years ago, I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table. I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked, “ So, how have you been?” And the boy---who could not have been more than seven or eight years old replied, “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”

This incident(小事) stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I hardly found out we were “ depressed” until we were in high school.

The evidence of  changes in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.

Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists. Why?

Human development is based not only on natural biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new situation. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in gradual stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.

In the past 30 years, however, a secret-revelation(提示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation（诱惑）, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.

Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practiced. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.

Title: _______ in Today’s Children

The house, which is large and is surrounded by trees and flowers, is       what she longs for ．

A. directly      B. extremely C. skillfully   D. exactly

The greatest source of inspiration for me has always been my father. Though he’s been gone for 17 years, his   21   still resonate（产生共鸣）. He taught me how to run my own race in life. But the most inspiring thing he taught me was to   22  .

One incident is   23   in my mind. It happened when I was a teenager. My sister and I weren’t very fond of a so-called friend of   24  . Dad was a very generous man, and as he’d done with so many people, he’d given this fellow great help. But when he asked for a favor   25  , the guy didn’t deliver.

Dad’s outlook（人生观）on most things was “Live and let live.” In this case, however, his calmness   26   Terre and me, and we let him know it.

“How can you be nice to that man?” we said to him. “You’ve been so kind to him, and he’s not being kind back. Why would you want to give him the time of day again?”

My father shrugged（耸肩）and said to us, “I do not bend my back with   27  . ”

I didn’t get it at first, but over the years I came to understand the   28  . Holding a grudge（怨恨）doesn’t   29   the person you’re angry with, but it changes you. It makes you heavier and gives you more weight to drag around.

After my father died in 1991, a (n)   30   came from a fellow I’d had a quarrel with years before to   31   his sympathy. He wrote: “I thought I’d tell you how sorry I am   32   the loss of your father. I know he   33   the world to you. I just wanted to let you know that you are in my thoughts. ”

Much moved, I wrote back. I thanked him for his   34  . And then, because he’d   35   

our disagreement, I recalled Dad’s inspiring words. “I am my father’s daughter,” I wrote. “And like him, I do not bend my back with yesterday.”

A. lectures             B. suggestions             C. lessons           D. pictures

A. forgive              B. persuade                C. forget              D. excuse

A. vital               B. obvious                  C. visual              D. vivid

A. sister’s              B. mine                      C. father's             D. mother’s

A. in return           B. in turn                   C. by return                D. by turn

A. relaxed                  B. moved                        C. interrupted        D. bothered

A. anger            B. disappointment       C. worry             D. yesterday

A. reason               B. word                     C. philosophy         D. sentence

A. change              B. hurt                    C. upset              D. disturb

A. news                  B. letter                C. message             D. information

A. explain                B. express               C. produce                 D. present

A. in                    B. with                     C. about             D. at

A. showed               B. represented        C. equaled          D. meant

A. kindness            B. sympathy            C. understanding     D. consideration

A. referred               B. mentioned           C. reminded           D. retold

It is _____ we do ---- you and I ____ changes the world.

A. that; that    B. that; what      C. what; that     D. what; what

–Why didn’t you give a hand to the boy?

-- I ______ , but he struggled to his feet before I tried to.

A. would like to have           B. would like to

C. would rather to have          D. would better

Is there a magic cutoff period when children become responsible for their own actions? Is there a wonderful moment when parents can become spectators （audiences） in the lives of their children and shrug, “It’s their life,” and feel nothing?

       When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital  passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches（缝线） in my son’s head．I asked, “When do you stop worrying?” The nurse said, “When they get out of the accident stage．” My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing．

      When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class．As if to read my mind, a teacher said．“Don’t worry．They all go through this stage and then you can sit back, relax and enjoy them．” My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing．

      When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open．A friend said, “They’re trying to find themselves．Don’t worry; in a few years, you can stop worrying．They’ll be adults．” My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing．

    By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak．I was still worrying over my children, but there was a new wrinkle．There was nothing I could do about it．My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing．

     I continued to suffer from their failures, and be absorbed in their disappointments．My friends said that when my kids got married I could stop worrying and lead my own life．I wanted to believe that, but I was haunted（萦绕心头） by my mother’s warm smile and her occasional “You look pale．Are you all right? Call me the minute you get home．Are you depressed about something?” Can it be that parents are sentenced to a lifetime of worry?

    One of my children became quite anxious about me recently, saying, “Where were you? I’ve been calling for three days, and no one answered．I was worried．”

     I smiled a warm smile．

The author intends to tell us in the passage that_______．

     A．parents long for a period when they no longer worry about their children

     B．there is no time when parents have no worry about their children

     C．it’s parents’ duty to worry about their children

     D．there should be a period when parents don’t have to worry about their children

We can infer from the underlined sentence “My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing．” that ______．

     A．her mother shared the same idea as the nurse

     B．her mother didn’t agree with the nurse

     C．her mother thought the nurse was lying

     D．her mother wouldn’t express her opinion upon the matter

The author mentioned her ages of twenties, thirties, forties and fifty in order to show_______．

      A．the hard times she experiences in her life

      B．the different stages of her children

      C．the support she received from her mother

      D．she had been worrying about her children in her life

What can we infer from the last sentence?

      A．The mother was happy that her child began to worry about her, too

      B．Finally the mother didn’t have to worry about her children

      C．At last the mother could live her own life without worry．

      D．The mother succeeded in turning her children into adults．

Which of the following should be the best title?

     A．Life             B．Parents   C．Worry          D．Children

American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. “There's even a prohibition (禁止) against admitting we need sleep”. Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven? Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them.

   “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping”, says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.

    Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an “American sleep debt” which one member said was as important as the national debt; the commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, President Clinton is trying to take a half hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. 

    About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have “a mid-afternoon quiet phase” also called “a secondary sleep gate.” Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we “snack” on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.

It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is _______.

   A. unreasonable             B. criminal           C. harmful            D. costly

The research done by the Dement commission shows that Americans _______.

   A. don't like to take naps                                    B. are terribly worried about their national debt

   C. sleep less than is good for them                      D. have caused many industrial and traffic accidents

The purpose of this article is to _______.

   A. warn us of the wickedness of napping      B. explain the danger of sleepiness

   C. discuss the side effects of napping            D. convince the reader of the necessity of napping

The “American sleep debt” (Line 1, Para. 3) is the result of _______.

   A. the traditional misunderstanding the Americans have about sleep

   B. the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration

   C. the rapid development of American industry

   D. the Americans’ worry about the danger of sleepiness

After the 1980s, the West became Godlike to many Chinese because of ____ Westerners’ wealth, and ____ freedom to do what they wanted.

A. /; /                           B. the; the                    C. the; /                 D. /; the

Scientists found many stones ________ with numbers on the mountains.

       A. marking     B. marked      C. being marked     D. have been marked

She is the most _____ one of my friends; you can just depend on her.  

A. reliable      B. beautiful           C. fortunate                  D. stubborn