It is generally considered unwise to give a child           he or she wants.

A. however     B. whatever    C. whichever         D. whenever

—You shall get an iPhone as long as you come out first in the contest．

       —Is that a ____? Don't let me down, I hope．

       A．trick      B．decision         C．promise  D．goal

15.  The hiding man made a hole in the wall ______ he could observe the outside.

     A. in which        B. by which        C. through which   D. with which

People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental", i.e., they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（违反；侵犯）of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.

Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.

Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

36. A “developmental" disability ______.

A. develops very slowly over time

B. is caused by forces

C. occurs in youth and affects development

D. is getting more and more severe

37．Most disabled people used to die early because ______.

A. disabilities destroyed major bodily functions

B. they were not very well looked after

C. medical techniques were not available

D. they were too poor to get proper treatment

38. In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, ______.

A．more laws should be passed

B．public attitudes should be changed

C．government should provide more aids

D．more public facilities should be set up

39. Which of the following cannot be inferred（推断）from the passage ?

A．Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.

B．The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.

C．The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them.

D． Discriminatory laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.

40. The best title for this passage might be ______.

A．Handicaps（不利条件；障碍；）of People with Disabilities

B．The physical difficulties of the Disabled

C．The Causes for Disabilities

D．Medical Treatments for Disabilities

Economics has long been known as an unpleasant science. But is any economist so dull as to criticize Christmas? At first glance, the holiday season in western economies seems a treat for those who are concerned with such things as GDP growth. After all, everyone is spending; in America, sellers make 25 % of their yearly sales and 60 % of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas. Even so, economists find something to worry about in the nature of the purchases being made.

Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others. At the simplest level, giving gifts involves the giver's thinking of something that the receiver would like — he tries to guess her preferences, as economists say — and then buying the gift and delivering it. Yet this guessing of preferences is often done badly. Every year, ties go unworn and books unread. And even if a gift is enjoyed, it may not be what the receiver would have bought if they had spent the money themselves.

Interested in this mismatch between wants and gifts, in 1993 Joel Waldfogel, then an economist at Yale University, attempted to estimate the disparity(差距) in dollar terms. He asked students two questions at the end of a holiday season: first, estimate the total amount paid (by the givers) for all the holiday gifts you received; second, apart from the emotional value of the items, if you did not have them, how much would you be willing to pay to get them? His results were unpleasant: on average, a gift was valued by the receiver well below the price paid by the giver.

The most conservative(保守的) estimate put the average receiver’s valuation at 90% of the buying price. The missing 10% is what economists call a deadweight loss; a waste of resources that could be avoided without making anyone poorer. In other words, if the giver gave the cash value of the purchase instead of the gift itself, the receiver could then buy what she really wants and be better off for no extra cost. It suggests that in America, where givers spend $40 billion on Christmas gifts, $ 4 billion is being lost annually in the process of gift giving. Add in birthdays, weddings and non Christian occasions, and the figure would balloon. So should economists call for an end to gift giving, or at least press for money to become the gift of choice?

56. Why do some people regard the holiday season in western economies a treat?

A. Because the economic situation in US has been depressing.

B. Because American sellers make a quarter of their yearly sales through holiday season.

C. Because holiday spending can speed up GDP growth.

D. Because sellers can make as much profit as 60 % over holiday season.

57. What's the main idea for the second paragraph?

A. In many cases the gifts cannot meet the receivers’ needs.

B. The purchases made over holiday season are actually a waste of money.

C. It's really not easy to guess the others’ preferences.

D. Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others.

58. The purpose of Joel Waldfogel's study is to _____.

A. prove the mismatch between wants and gifts

B. estimate the disparity between wants and gifts in economic terms

C. spark new ideas of economic studies on holiday spending

D. discover the exact cost of holiday spending on gift giving 

59. Economists think of the misusing 10% of holiday spending as a deadweight loss because

_______.

A. the cash value of the purchase is lower than the buying price

B. it is actually a waste of resources in economic terms

C. with the money the receivers can be better off for no extra cost

D. it makes many people even poorer for spending more on unwanted gifts

60. According to the passage altogether how much money is wasted every year on gift giving?

A. About $4 billion.                                  B. About 10% of the total value.

C. About $40 billion.                               D. Much more than $4 billion.

第二节：书面表达（满分25分）

假如你是李华，你所在社区为了提

倡节约能源决定开展“小事从我做起”

活动。现委托你写一份倡议书。请根据

下图写一份100字左右倡议书（开头结

尾已给出不计入总数）可根据图画内容

适度展开，以使行文连贯。

Dear residents,

It is everyone’s duty to work hard to build an energy-saving society.______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Neighborhood Associations

 ________the warning message, more deaths would have been caused in the flood according to the report from Xinjiang.

A. Regardless of    B. In spite of         C. But for            D. Thanks to

_______environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover．

       A．Even if            B．If only                    C．While              D．Once

——What’s the matter with Della?

——Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party but she still ______ .

   A. hopes to         B. hopes so           C. hopes to do         D. hope for

We should help people in difficulty _____ their color and nationality.

  A. in spite of                   B. regardless of                 C. in regard to         D. despite