Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for yeas. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

  The first kind of loneliness is temporary(暂时的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation-for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

  The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic(长期的)usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. we depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.

  Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?

  A. Talk to friends              B. Just ignore it  

    C. Go to see a doctor      D. Ask your teachers for guidance

"It" in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to _____.

  A. temporary loneliness       B. situational loneliness

  C. a new place        D sleeplessness

The topic of the 4th paragraph is that____.

  A. one problem of loneliness is a person's social contacts

  B. we depend on various person for different reasons

  C. lonely people don't have many social problems

  D. lonely people don't have many friends

Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?

  A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problems   B. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness

  C. Chronic loneliness can not be overcome     D. A, B and C are all correct

What is the best title for the passage?

  A. Three Kinds of Loneliness    B. Loneliness and Diseases

  C. Loneliness and Social Contacts   D. Chronic Loneliness

While surfing television channels over the weekend,a scene from a family classic of last year portraying the now-so-familiar sorry state of retired parents being ill-treated by their children and families caught my attention. I wondered why the description of this relationship had not changed much over the many years! Even though the same movies and soaps accurately capture several other social changes around us — from value systems to new found economic freedom to the importance of technology and the changing approach to consumerism(消费主义) — are these creative efforts far from the truth in telling us that an average retiree is still struggling?

Look around and you will agree that the post-retired lifestyle for an ex-salaried class people is often a pale shadow of their last working years. Even self employed people, who have handed over the responsibility to the next generation, are no exception. Did the average middle class not save enough through his working years?

Socially, we already know that the Indians are taught the benefits of start saving early on in life. Household savings data supports this social behavior — India has the highest rates of savings among various economies and is far ahead of the west. Yet, tragically, a lifetime of savings does not seem to provide enough for a comfortable retirement!

A closer look at the pattern of what we do with our financial savings may tell us a bit more. Over half of households’ financial savings is put into a “safe” deposit, followed by large portions in insurance, pension, provident funds(福利基金) and the rest in physical currency. Less than a tenth goes into “risky” assets(资产) like stocks. While there might be nothing, in particular, worrisome in this investment pool, one has to consider inflation(通货膨胀). The real value of savings, over a few decades, may actually be lower than the starting point.

What had not changed much over the many years according to the passage?

A. Value systems                      B. The poor situation of retirees

C. Economic freedom                  D. Approach to consumerism

Which of the following statements about saving in India is right?

A. the concept of saving has been well received by Indians.

B. the amount of the savings ranks number one across the world.

C. long-standing savings can help the retirees live a care-free life. 

D. saving early can not benefit people at all.

What can be inferred according to the last paragraph?

   A. Half of the financial savings in stocks can be accepted.

   B. The real value of saving must be lowered in a few years.

C. A loss of savings may hardly be avoided.

   D. Inflation can be avoided on condition that you consume instead of saving.

What’s the best title of the text?

   A. Retirees being treated unfairly

   B. Is saving enough

   C. Saving in India

   D. How to deal with saving

Every day Shairley tries to make at least one person she knows happy. For years she has become addicted to this and she can’t pass a day without making someone happy.

This started when she was 11 years old. That year, she wanted to travel to see her best friend. After she saved all the money needed, she packed her bags and went to the airport. By the time she got to pay for her ticket,she realised that her purse had been stolen.

She went to the restroom and cried. While she was in the restroom stall and totally at a loss what to do, someone knocked on the door. “Leave me alone” was the sentence she said over and over again after hearing the repeated knocking. After a long time, she opened the door and went out only to find an envelope at her feet. She opened the envelope and found a letter. It said,

 “Dear child, you locked yourself inside and avoided facing the people who were outside and you might miss this letter. Reading it now means that after all you decided to face the outside world again. Never lock yourself in for any reason ! Never lose hope ! Never forget to trust yourself. Be a reason for other people’s smiles, sow hope in their hearts and you will gain your happiness in your own heart.”

 She folded the letter to put it in the envelope only to discover that inside were a window seat ticket and double the money she needed. So she traveled and told the story to everyone she met. She said.“ From that day on ,I took it as my task, half for me and half for someone’s happiness.”

Shirley found that her money had been stolen         .

A. when she was heading for the airport

B. when she was buying a ticket

C. after she packed her bags

D. when she went to the restroom

Why didn’t Shirley open the door of the stall when she heard the knocking?

A. Because she was disappointed and at a loss.

B. Because she was afraid of the person outside.

C. Because she wanted to keep calm by being alone.

D. Because she was crying and didn’t hear the knocking.

What did Shireley learn from the letter?

A. A letter is powerful enough to make one smile.

B. Face the outside world and never lose hope.

C. She should always notice who is outside her door.

D. She should try to make herself happy first and then others.

We can learn that after reading the letter, Shirley was          

A. interested     B. disappointed     C. ashamed    D. encouraged 

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