Every family with kids has seen its share of arguments, shouting and complaining. It turns out that all those conflicts serve an important purpose in the development of children . Saying “no” followed by a bad temper, just may be an unavoidable part of growing up. And that’s a good thing. These are the first steps toward independence. Even young children have to challenge their parents sometimes. Studies have shown the following:

·Although stressful, conflicts are beneficial for children.

·Learning to manage conflicts is necessary for a child’s development.

·Conflicts during the preschool years occur because children desire even more attention than parents can or should give.

       If you understand why conflicts occur, it can minimize the conflicts between you and your children. Conflict is a child’s attempt to develop a sense of self and how he or she learns to express his or her needs and ideas. Parents develop and drive this independence by putting children to the outside world both formally and informally.

       Conflicts can grow out of a difference of opinion or might just be a way to blow off steam(发脾气) . In rare situations, constant conflicts between parents and children can indicate a deeper emotional problem. Consult your doctor if this seems to be your situation.

       It’s important to offer your child choices, which should be determined by age and developmental level. The more responsible a child is, the more choices he or she gets in reward. You can threaten your child with punishment, but often offering a choice will better improve angry situations. Consequences and rewards should have some meaning to your child.

       Often a child’s adverse(敌对的)reaction when he or she hears the word “no” can be avoided by giving the child an explanation as to why you have refused his or her request.

60. Why does the author think conflicts are good?

          A. It’s a sign that children are trying to be independent.

B. Children can learn to control the bad temper.

C. This can develop a better way of communication.

D. It can improve the relationship between parents and children.

61. A 3-year-old boy challenges his parents angrily, according to studies, because he may           ,

          A. feel being ignored by his parents.

B. get tired of being looked after by his parents.

C. want to stay with his parents at any time.

D. be blamed by his parents for his faults.

62. In most cases , the conflicts between parents and their children       .

          A. lead to more misunderstandings                          B. don’t hurt feelings

C. are highly valued by parents                                 D. involve visiting doctors

63. What can be concluded from the passage?

          A. Children understand what their parents think of clearly.

B. Children enjoy giving their opinions by conflicting with their parents.

C. Most parents would rather punish their children than reward them.

D. Communication can reduce conflicts between parents and children.

                                  E

First Man-Bear-Pig , and now global warming; it seems Al Gore never stops to surprise the world. Recently Al Gore produced them movie An Inconvenient Truth which explained the threats and told us how to control global warming. What it left out is that there is no proof that human activity is even causing global warming, let alone if global warming is even taking place.

Global warming is the idea that greenhouse gases that shut in infra-red（红外线）radiation in the earth’s atmosphere are becoming more powerful and heating our planet up. The theory is that if the planet continues to heat up, the polar ice caps could melt and cover the earth in water.

Over the last 100 years the Earth has increased one degree in temperature, and sea level has risen millimeters. Even though this “eye-opening” news is taking place, there is no clear proof saying that it is due to global warming. It could be just a regular weather pattern the earth is circulating . The polar ice caps have not grown or reduced in size since man began tracking them. Also the ground-based temperature has remained the same besides growing cities. In fact most clues support the idea that global warming is not taking place and human activity isn’t causing any earth to melt down.

Although Al Gore insists the world is on its way to certain destruction, the facts say otherwise. It seems that driving to work won’t lead to the doom（末日）of mankind , and the movie Water World won’t be happening any time soon.

72.  It is likely that Al Gore     .

A. is concerned about the threat of global warming

B. holds that human doesn’t cause global warming

C. knows how to stop global warming successfully

D. doesn’t believe global warming is taking place

73. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. The earth has risen 1℃ temperature in the last century

B. The sea level is incredibly higher than any time before

C. Some people are upset at the news of global warming

D. The poplar ice caps haven’t grown or reduced in size

74. The author believes that      .

A. most proofs support global warming is happening

B. human activities contribute little to global warming

C. driving to work will lead to the end of mankind

D. A “Water World” will be happening very soon

75.      can be the best title of the passage.

A. A Threatening the Film by Al Gore

B. The Causes of Global Warming

C. The Doom of Mankind ?

D. The Polar Ice Melt Down!

21．Some of the exercises appear to be _____ones that you have done, but after taking____second look, you will find that they are different.

    A. /, the        B. the, the             C. the, a                D. /,  a

24．—How do you think I can make up with Jack?

—Set aside      you disagree and try to find     you have in common.

A．what , what             B．what, that               C．where, whether        D．where, what

The more _____ you listen to the tape, the _____ you will find it to understand．

       A．carefully; more easily         B．careful; more easily

       C．carefully; easier             D．careful; easier

--Must I turn off the gas after cooking?

   --Of course. You can never be ________ careful with that.

A. enough    B. too    C. so     D. very

While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _______ into baying something they don’t really need.

A．to persuade        B．persuading           C．being persuaded     D．be persuaded

第二部分  阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Trogmire Troll was dealing with a crisis. The new girl in class really liked him a lot. Trogmire was not happy about it.

Trogmire’s good friend, Tremor Troll, tried to comfort him. “What’s the big deal? I think Treasure Troll is kind of cute. And she seems to be nice enough.”

Trogmire swallowed his last bite of salad and glared at Tremor. “Then why don’t you ask her to be your girlfriend? There she is, sitting all by herself at the other end of the cafeteria. March over there and ask her to be your sweetie-poo!”

 “She’s crazy about you, not me,” Tremor replied.

 “Well, I don’t want any girlfriend, especially not a weird（古怪的）, annoying one like her!” Trogmire growled（to make a sound to show anger）.

Tremor wouldn’t give up. “The only thing annoying about her is that she keeps writing you those notes and she stares.”

 “Annoying love notes!” Trogmire interrupted. He took another sip of milk. “Did you notice those strange brown eyes? Why aren’t they normal red or pink?”

Tremor took another look at Treasure. “I think her face is a lovely shade of green. And her dark green curly hair is quite pretty. Besides, she’s very sweet and that’s what really matters.”

Trogmire stuck out his tongue. “I think I’m going to be sick! I’d better save my apple pies for later.” He crammed a small bag of Maggot Munchies into his even smaller shirt pocket. “The fact is, I have a problem. That girl is getting on my nerves!”

Tremor followed Trogmire’s example and decided to save his apple pies for later. However, he carefully placed the bag into his lunch box. “Do you have any ideas about how to solve your problem?” Tremor asked.

 “I’m going to be mean and rude to her,” Trogmire announced. “I’ll call her names and make ugly faces at her.”

 “That’s how you treat everyone,” Tremor reminded his friend.

Trogmire nodded. “It’s time that Treasure got to know the real Trogmire Troll!”

36. How did Treasure Troll feel about Trogmire Troll?

A. She didn’t like him because he was rude.

B. She was annoyed by his strange appearance.

C. She didn’t have any strong feeling about him.

D. She liked him a lot.

37. How did Trogmire feel about Treasure?

A. He felt annoyed.                  B. He enjoyed the attention.

C. He didn’t realize that she existed.     D. He was crazy about her.

38. Who did Trogmire want for a girlfriend?

A. No one.   B. Tremor’s sister.    C. Treasure Troll.   D. Weird girl from another class.

39. Which statement is true?

A. Trogmire pretended to be rude in order to make Treasure stop liking him.

B. Tremor thought that looks were more important than personality.

C. Tremor thought that Treasure was cute.

D. Trogmire offered his apple pies to Treasure to make her sick.

The black robin is one of the world’s rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins; in 1977 there were fewer than ten. These are the only black robins left in the world. The island has many other birds, of different kinds, large and small; these seem to multiply very happily.

Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin. Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has bee made. The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home, a “reserve”, for threatened wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be supplied with the robin’s food—it eats only one kind of seed. Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in new Zealand. The public appeal is aimed at the conscience of mankind, so that the wild black robin will not die out and disappear form the earth in our time at least.

Is all this concern a waste of human effort? Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out? Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable?

In the earth’s long, long past, hundreds, of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of success—and died out. In the long, long future, there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time. Those that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early. This is nature’s proven method of operation.

The rule of selection—“the survival of the fittest”—is the one by which human beings have themselves arrived on the scene. We, being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced, may last longer than most. You may take it as another rule that when, at last, human beings show signs of dying out, no other creature will extend a paw to put off our departure. On the contrary, we will be hurried out. For nature, tough fair, is a hard-hearted mistress. She has no favorites.

Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do something about it.

57．The black robin is dying out mainly because        .

       A．people have been very careless about its survival

       B．its only food supply is far from enough on Little Mangere

       C．the other birds on the island have destroyed it

       D．the appeal for money has come at the wrong time

58．In Paragraph 3, the writer puts forward three questions to        .

       A．make a comparison      B．make an argument

       C．introduce a topic             D．present his own idea

59．As for selection and survival, the decisive factor seems to be        .

      A．the ability to adapt to changed or changing conditions

       B．the number of wild life reserves that are available

       C．the concern and generosity of the public

       D．the size of the home, or the amount of space one has to live in

60．The writer’s attitude towards the protection of the black robins is         .

       A．active       B．passive     C．unconcerned     D．optimistic

Economy should be developed to raise people’s living standard.      , effective measures should be taken to deal with different types of pollution caused by the economic development.

       A．Moreover B．Therefore  C．Meanwhile       D．Otherwise