Brazil has become one. of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint ef??forts to reduce birth rates, Brazil had better results without re??ally trying, says George Martine at Harvard.

Brazil’s population growth rate dropped from 2. 99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1. 93% a year between 198 land 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2. 7 chil??dren on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.

Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (肥皂剧) and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in low??ering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest produc??ers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil’s most popular television net??work, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.

Although they have never really tried to work in a mes??sage towards the problems of reproduction, they describe mid??dle and upper class values: not many children, women work??ing, says Martine. They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious (有意识的) of other patterns of behaviour and other values, which were put into a very attrac??tive package.

Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. " This led to an enormous change in consumption (消费) patterns and consumption was incom??patible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction," says Mar??tine.

according to the passage, Brazil has lowered its population growth ________.

A. by educating its citizens                 B. by careful family planning

C. by developing TV programmes                     D. by chance

according to the passage, many Third World countries

A. haven’t given much attention to birth control

B. would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate

C. haven’t yet found an effective measure to control their population

D. haven’t realized the importance of TV plays in family planning

Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil’s birth rate be??cause ________.

A. they keep people sitting long hours watching TV

B. they have gradually changed people’s way of life

C. people are drawn to their attractive package

D. they popularize birth control measures

What is Martine’s conclusion about Brazil’s population growth?

A. The increase in birth rate will increase consumption.

B. The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.

C. Consumption goes with reproduction.

D. A country ‘s production is limited by its population growth.

Hunting

The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive.

Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely out earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.

I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.

The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives(动机).One of them wrote.

“You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory(领地)。You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing – not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people.”

I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears(矛) and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger—shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used.The so—called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits. 

There is no more hunting in India now partly because___.

A.it is dangerous to hunt there

B.hunting is already out of date

C.hunters want to protect animals

D.there are few animals left to hunt

The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly____.

A.to make the countryside safe

B.to earn people’s admiration

C.to gain power and influence

D.to improve their health

What do we learn about the big-game hunters?

A.They hunt old animals

B.They mistreat animals

C.They hunt for food

D.They hunt for money

What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?

A.Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face

B.Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons

C.Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers

D.Modern hunters should put their safety first

He could have been president of Israel or played violin at Carnegie Hall, but he was too busy thinking. His thinking on God, love and the meaning of life graces our greeting cards and day-timers.

Fifty years after his death, his shock（乱蓬蓬的一堆）of white hair and hanging moustache still symbolize genius. Einstein remains the foremost scientist of the modern time. Looking back 2,400 years, only Newton ,Galileo and Aristotle were his equals.

Around the world , universities and academies（研究院）are celebrating the 100th anniversary of Einstein’s “miracle year” when he published five scientific papers in 1905 that basically changed our grasp of space, time ,light and matter. Only he could top himself about a decade later with his theory of relativity.

Born in the age of horse-drawn carriages, his ideas launched a technological revolution that has made more changes in a century than in the previous two thousand years. Computers, satellites, telecommunications, lasers, televisions and nuclear power all owe their invention to ways in which Einstein exposed a stranger and more complicated reality underneath the world.

He escaped Hitler’s Germany and devoted the rest of his life to human rights and peace with an authority unmatched by any scientist today, or even most politicians and religious leaders. He spoke out against fascism（法西斯主义）and racial prejudice. His FBI(美国联邦调查局)file ran 1,400 pages.

His letters expose a disorderly personal life ─ married twice and indifferent toward his children while absorbed in physics. Yet he charmed lovers and admirers with poetry and sailboat outings. Friends and neighbors fiercely protected his privacy.

The first paragraph implies that Einstein             .

A. had the gift for politics and music

B. had run for president before he worked at his research

C. was an excellent violinist

D. was more a political leader of a musician than a thinker

When you think of Einstein, what typical appearance was formed in your mind?

A. Funny and humorous, with an air of a musician.

B. Wearing very wide trousers and a moustache, with an image of an actor.

C. Rough untidy mass of white hair and hanging moustache , with an image of thinking .

D. Black long hair and moustache, with his eyes deep set.

Why was 1905 called Einstein’s “miracle year”?

A. Because he topped himself with the theory of relativity.

B. Because he made important discoveries of space, time , light and matter.

C. Because he published five papers on his theory of relativity.

D. Because he wrote five important articles to help people understand space, time , light and matter better.

Which of the following is not true about Einstein according to the passage?

A. When he was absorbed in his research ,he didn’t care for his family.

B. He tried to amuse his family and friends in his spare time.

C. He was so busy with the physical research that he showed no interest in politics.

D. His theory led to much improvement in many technological fields.

Brand is often regarded as the creation of western advertisement industry. However, the earliest “brand” could be traced back to the early civilization in China and Egypt. Earthenware(陶器)made in China thousands of years ago had signs or symbols of pottery makers, and domestic animals branded with marks could also be seen on wall paintings of ancient Egypt. These might be the first “brand” in history.

Time passes and the situation has changed. Nowadays Americans have “Cadillac”, Japanese have “Toyota”, Cermans have “Mercedes-Benz”, and they are all proud of the big brands they own. Chinese national brands are pale in comparison to their global counterparts. It is a reality which we cannot deny and have to face. With the globalization of brands and the internationalization of global competition, foreign brands are making constant efforts in attacking the Chinese market. Under the circumstances, the question that we must ask is：How can Chinese brands be ready for the challenge posed by foreign brands?

Many Chinese enterprises are single-minded in getting the attention of the international market and going into metropolises(大城市). Successful though they seem, they act ill-advisedly. We should be aware that it is the home market, especially the rural market with a population of 900 million people that provides the real development opportunity for Chinese national brands. That is why many powerful foreign brands are trying, with every possible means, to develop the Chinese rural market.

Quality is the life of a brand and consumers always choose products with first-class quality. The quality of Chinese products is very unstable so that it seriously affects the establishment of Chinese brands. Therefore, for those national brands determined to challenge foreign brands, the top task is to improve product quality. It must be clearly understood that, for a consumer who has bought a product, defects in 1% of your products mean 100% loss. Only if we create products with quality better than that of foreign brands can national brands be successful in competition.

What is the question that we have to ask in face of foreign brands?

A．How to run a company in foreign countries.

B．How to stay in harmony with the foreign brands.

C．How to catch up with the foreign company in service and price.

D．How to compete against the foreign brands.

Which of the following would the author agree with?

A．Quality is the most important element for a brand.

B．China’s international market is fully feveloped.

C．China’s products are matchless in the international market.

D．China’s goods are always of bad quality.

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Metropolitan areas are what many Chinese enterprises focus on.

B．Pottery made in ancient China had signs or symbols of the makers.

C．The top target of foreign enterprises in China has been the rural market.

D．Chinese enterprises should try to get into the home market.

What can be concluded from the passage?

A．There’s no need for foreign brands to make constant efforts to compete with Chinese brands.

B．Ancient Chinese and Egyptians knew how to mark or symbolize their works.

C．Chinese enterprises can hardly build big brands people trust due to quality problems.

D．Chinese brands can only be successful in domestic market.

Books which give instructions on how to do things are very popular in the USA today. Thousands of books __1__this begin with __2__ that start with the words "how to". Many of "how to " books __3__ advice on careers. They tell you how to __4__ a career and how to __5__ it. If you fail, __6__, you can buy a book called How to Turn Failure into Success. If you never make any money __7__, you need a book called How to Live on Nothing.

One of the most popular types of books is one that __8__ you with personal problems. If you are unhappy with your __9__, you can read How to Love Every Minute of Your Life. If you are tired of books on __10__, you may prefer a book called How to Make Yourself Sad.

Many of these books help people use their __11__ time better. Some people __12__ books which will give them __13__ information about sports, hobbies and travel. __14__ people use their free time to make __15__ and improvements on their homes. They like books which given __16__ instructions on how to repair things.

__17__ have "how to" books become so __18__? Probably because life has become so complex. Today people have far more problems to __19__. "How to" books help people __20__ modern life.

1.A. as    B. like     C. of       D. about

2.A. books      B. sentences    C. words D. titles

3.A. give B. take    C. follow      D. suggest

4.A. pick B. search C. find    D. choose

5.A. get into   B. take part into     C. succeed in D. fail in

6.A. however B. but      C. besides     D. otherwise

7.A. for all     B. in all   C. at all D. all too

8.A. gets B. helps   C. does    D. deals

9.A. book       B. study  C. work   D. life

10.A. sadness  B. happiness   C. anger  D. violence

11.A. free       B. busy   C. working     D. meaningful

12.A. lose       B. sell     C. use    D. want

13.A. little      B. much  C. useful D. useless

14.A. Other    B. Others C. The other   D. The others

15.A. money   B. fun     C. cleaning     D. repairs

16.A. one-by one   B. step-by-step       C. little-by-little     D. day-by-day

17.A. Why     B. How   C. When  D. Where

18.A. good     B. little   C. popular      D. bad

19.A. answer  B. do      C. work out    D. solve

20.A. go away with       B. deal with    C. take with    D. fight with

Learning English is one of the few things I have been doing consistently over the past 16 years. Like most Chinese students, I started learning English because it was a compulsory (必修的) course in my middle school. More importantly, English was a central subject for the college entrance exam.

At that time , studying English was not a pleasant experience for me . There was no fun in the process of learning . The focus of our English education was getting a good mark in exams . And nobody told me that the real meaning of studying mother language was communication.

When I became a university student , I spent nearly half of my time on English . In fact , more than 90 percent of the job offer ads in Shanghai list “ proficiency (精通) as a main requirement.

How did I improve my English ? People told me that TOEFL was very helpful and useful. As a result, I took a TOEFL training course and studied like mad. After six months’ preparation, I took part in the exam and got a high score . Later on , I had a chance to further my study in Britain . I soon discovered that all of my past English learning had been futile (没用的) . When I first went shopping in a local supermarket , I really could not understand what the cashier was saying at all.

It was then that I realized I had totally missed the point . Instead of just passing exams , the main function of learning English or any other language is communication . What is more , lanuage does not exist independent of culture. Hence , mechanical memorization helps very little in communication. That’s why I was still unable to freely express myself after learning English for many years . By no means am I talented in any foreign language . I am still learing English . Why ?

First and foremost , my job requires me to use English everyday . Secondly , English helps me to have access to more information . Thirdly , as a bookworm , English gives me a chance to dive into the huge pool of inspiring English books . Last but not least , it is such a great experience to write in another language . Indeed , English has become part of my life .

How did the writer find English when he was a student?

A. He was interested in it .

B. He studied it because it was compulsory course.

C. He thought it funny to study English.

D. He often recited something when he studied English.

What is the purpose of studying English according to the writer’s idea ?

A. To get high marks in exams.

B. To prove that Englsih is very important.

C. Studying Eglish well can ehlp you get a good job.

D. To use English for communication with others.

According to the text , how is my English ?

A.I am good at English.

B.I can speak Englsih like natives.

C.I can master it but I can’t use it correctly.

D.I continued to study Englsih.

How can we master Englsih well ？

A.We need more mechanical memorization.

B.We should read and recite more books.

C.We should study Englsih as well as its culture and use it more .

D.We can study hard in classrooms and houses and get high marks in exams .

So you're between the ages of 13 and 24. What makes you happy? Spending time with family was the top answer to that open-ended question, according to an extensive survey--more than 100 questions asked of 1,280 people aged 13-24 -- conducted by The Associated Press on the nature of happiness among America's young people.

Next was spending time with friends. And good news for parents: Nearly three quarters of young people say their relationship __________ makes them happy.

"They're my foundation," says Kristiana St. John, 17, a high-school student from Queens in New York. "My mom tells me that even if I do something stupid, she's still going to love me no matter what. Just knowing that makes me feel very happy and blessed."

Other results are more disconcerting. While most young people are happy overall with the way their lives are going, there are racial differences: the poll shows whites to be happier than blacks and Hispanics. A lot of young people feel stress, particularly those from the middle class, and females more than males.    

You might think money would be clearly tied to a general sense of happiness. But almost no one said "money" when asked what makes them happy, though people with the highest family incomes are generally happier with life. However, having highly educated parents is a stronger predictor of happiness than income.

Overwhelmingly, young people think marriage would make them happy and want to be married some day. Most also want to have kids.

Finally, when asked to name their heroes, nearly half of respondents mentioned one or both of their parents. The winner, by a nose: Mom.

1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)

2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

Although most youths are generally happy with their present life. There are differences between different races.  

3. Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)

4. What do you think is the most important factor that makes you happy? Why? (Please answer within 30 words)

5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by selling goods from door to door found that he only had one dime left. He was hungry so he decided to     36     for a meal at the next house.

However, he lost his nerve      37     a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked     38     so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it      39     , and then asked, “How much do I owe you?”

“You don’t owe me anything,” she     40    . “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a __41   .” He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger     42    , but it also increased his faith in God and human race. He was about to give up and quit before this point.

Years later the young woman became critically ill. The local doctors were baffled. They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists can be called      43     to study her rare disease. Dr. Howard Kelly, now     44     , was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light     45     his eyes. Immediately, he     46     and went down through the hospital hall into her room.

     47    in his doctor’s gown he went in to see her. He      48    her at once. He went back to the consultation room and      49     to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave    50__attention to her case.

After a long      51     the battle was won. Dr. Kelly     52     the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she was     53     that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her     54   . She read these words…

“Paid in full with a glass of milk.”

(Signed) Dr. Howard Kelly

Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she     55     silently. “Thank you, God. Your love has spread through human hearts and hands.”

36．A．call B．make C．beg  D．prepare

37．A．while    B．when C．though   D．unless

38．A．thirsty  B．lazy C．tired    D．hungry

39．A．slowly   B．unexpectedly C．steadily D．hurriedly

40．A．announced    B．shook    C．replied  D．doubted

41．A．reward   B．kindness C．hand D．value

42．A．physically   B．mentally C．normally D．properly

43．A．up   B．for  C．on   D．in

44．A．rich B．famous   C．observant    D．vivid

45．A．fixed    B．consulted    C．filled   D．concentrated

46．A．rose B．raised   C．got  D．left

47．A．Worn B．Having   C．putting  D．Dressed

48．A．recognized   B．knew C．spared   D．regained

49．A．desired  B．declared C．determined   D．declined

50．A．special  B．ordinary C．normal   D．no

51．A．decision B．preparation  C．struggle D．debate

52．A．ordered  B．requested    C．confused D．compressed

53．A．negative B．uncertain    C．positive D．obvious

54．A．presentation B．preference   C．attention    D．arrangement

55．A．praised  B．pretended    C．pressed  D．prayed

根据下面提供的情景，写一段接续文字，词数不少于50。

Your grandpa has retired recently. He isn’t used to the idle (闲散的)life and often feels very unhappy and depressed.(压抑的)You are worried about him, so you give him some advice (at least three pieces), trying to make him cheerful. You say to him….

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

We often use the words “growth” and “development” as if they meant basically the same thing. But this may not always be the case. One can easily imagine instances in which a country has achieved higher levels of income (growth) with little or no benefit coming to most of its citizens (development).

In the past, most development policies were aimed at increasing the growth rate of income per capita (人均所得). Many are still based on the theory that benefit of economic growth will come to all members of society. If this theory is correct, growth should encourage development.

By the early 1970s, however, the relationship between growth and development was being questioned. A major study by the World Bank in 1974 concluded that it is now clear that more than decades of rapid growth in developing countries has been of little benefit to & third of their population.

The World Bank study showed that increase in GNP per capita did not promise important improvements in such devel??opment indicators as nutrition (营养), health, and education. Although GNP per capita did indeed rise, its benefit came down to only a small part of the population. This realization gives rise to a call for new development policies. These new policies favor agriculture over industry, call for national redis??tribution (资源分配) of income and wealth, and encourage programs to satisfy such basic needs as food and shelter.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s the international macroeconomic crises (大规模的经济危机) of high oil prices, worldwide recession (衰退) and the third world debt, forced attention away from programs designed to get rid of poverty. however, the lesson remains: economic growth does not prom??ise economic development. Efforts may be required to change growing output capacity (能力) into economic benefit that reach most of a nation’s people.

What do we learn from the first paragraph about the relationship between growth and development?

A. Growth and development refer to the same thing.

B. Growth always brings about development.

C. Development is not a necessary result of growth.

D. Development is a reliable measure of growth.

Before the 1970s, most development policies were based on theory that economic growth would benefit ________.

A. most people in society                  B. some people in society

C. few people in society                   D. everyone in society

according to the study by the World Bank in 1974, economic growth in some backward countries brought ________.

A. benefit to a third of their population

B. benefit to two thirds of their population

C little benefit to their people

D. no benefit at all to their people

If the passage continues, what would the author most likely discuss in the next paragraph?

A. How to turn growth into development.

B. How to remove poverty from society.

C. How to decrease the third world debt.

D. How to cope with economic crises.