第二节: 完形填空(共20题,每题1.5分,满分30分)

It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. Every   36   teaches the child something and the effects are increasing.

"   37   " normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely     38   the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished (区别) by the term "education". In a(n)    39   such as ours, both parents and teachers are   40   for the chances (provided for the development of the child), 41  upbringing and education depend on each other.

The ideals and practices of child upbringing are different from culture to culture.    42   , the more rural the group, the more   43   the customs of child upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, childhood and adolescence (青春期) are likely to    44  a long time,   45    more chances for education and greater variety in   46    development.

Early upbringing in the society is naturally    47   both by the cultural pattern of the group and by the parents’    48   and their aims and depends not only on school education but also on the __49  abilities of the child. Wide  50    of intelligence and character ___51  even in children of the same family.

Parents can find out    52  is normal in physical, mental and social development, by  53___ some of the many books    54   on scientific knowledge in these areas, or by comparing    55    with friends and relatives who have children.

36 A. discrimination     B. failure          C. experience      D. success

37 A. Future         B. Upbringing      C. Fortune         D. Ideals

38 A. devoted to      B. covered with     C. kept up         D. related to

39 A. society         B. home           C. team          D. environment

40 A. energetic          B. prepared        C. responsible       D. hopeful

41 A. but              B. so             C. otherwise       D. while

42 A. Besides          B. Surprisingly   C. However        D. Generally

43 A. unchangeable           B. curious          C. undivided       D. unusual

44 A. waste             B. spend           C. cover            D. desire

45 A. hoping for        B. resulting in      C. waiting for       D. beginning with

46 A. education         B. body            C. brain           D. character

47 A. affected           B. developed       C. encouraged      D. inspired

48 A. argument          B. description      C. ability          D. encouragement

49 A. ordinary                  B. born            C. normal         D. acceptable

50 A. improvements     B. disadvantages     C. developments     D. differences

51 A. exist             B. reduce          C. increase        D. control

52 A. who              B. which           C. what            D. that

53 A. holding out        B. referring to       C. taking up       D. looking into

54 A. based            B. amused          C. decided         D. marked

55 A. answers        B. books           C. notes         D. letters

C

Children start out as natural scientists, and eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there's no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children's curiosity. Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me "textbook questions" about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, "Now that we've finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?"

After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, "Have you ever seen what a grasshopper (蚱蜢) eats? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?"

This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.

Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their "wait time" to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete creative answers.

Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don't jump in with "That's right" or "I'd never thought of it that way before," or coming up with more questions or ideas.

Never push a child to "think". It doesn't make sense. Children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What's more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.

Lastly, show; don't tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lessons children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass, and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates, set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.

64. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is ___________.

A. to let them see the world around                B. to share the children's curiosity

C. to explain difficult phrases about science               D. to supply the children with lab equipment

65. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word "lists" could best be replaced by "_________".

A. any questions                 B. any problems     

C. questions from textbooks        D. any number of questions

66. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults__________.

A. ask them to answer quickly                       B. wait for one or two seconds after a question

C. tell them to answer the next day                 D. wait at least for three seconds after a question

67. In which of the following paragraph (s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?

A. The second and third.      B. The fourth.     C. The fifth.       D. The sixth and seventh.

68. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children's curiosity EXCEPT that adults should _________.

A. tell their children stories instead of reciting facts

B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves

C. be patient enough when their children answer questions

D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own

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