II. 完形填空 (共15题,每小题2分,共30分)

American public education has changed in recent years. One change is that increasing numbers of American parents and teachers are starting independent public school   11   charter schools (特许学校).

  In 1991, there were no charter schools in the United States. Today, more than2,300 charter schools    12    in 34 states and the District of Columbia. 575,000 students   13   these schools. The students are from 5 years of age through 18 or older.

  A charter school is   14   by groups of parents, teachers and community (社区) members, It is similar in some ways    15   a traditional public school. It receives tax money to operate just as other public schools do. The    16   it receives depends on the number of students. The charter school must prove to local or state governments that its students are learning. These governments   17    the school with the agreement, or charter that permits it to operate.

Unlike a traditional public school,    18    the charter school does not have to obey most laws which govern public schools. Local, state or federal governments cannot tell it what to  19  .

 Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to  20  those goals. Class sizes usually are smaller than those in many traditional public schools. Many students and parents say   21   in charter schools may be more creative.

  However, state education agencies, local education-governing committees and unions are often    22    charter schools. They say these schools may receive money badly   23   by traditional public schools. Experts say some charter schools are doing well while others are struggling.

 Congress provided 200million dollars for  24   charter schools in the 2002 federal budget (预算). But often the schools say they lack enough money for their    25   .Many also lack needed space.

11. A. called       B. asked        C. known        D. said

12. A. study       B. organize      C. operate        D. perform

13. A. finish       B. attend        C. leave         D. cut

14. A. taught       B. held         C. created        D. understood

15. A. to          B. with          C. by           D. in

16. A. attention     B. amount      C. expense       D. information

17. A. buy         B. review       C. give          D. provide

18. A. besides      B. moreover     C. thus          D. however

19. A. teach        B. discuss       C. have         D. get

20. A. set          B. reach        C. settle         D. define

21. A. farmers      B. workers      C. teachers       D. soldier

22. A. against       B. for          C. in            D. with

23. A. treated       B. needed       C. earned        D. wasted

24. A. needing      B. spending     C. comparing     D. establishing

25. A. programs     B. parents       C. records       D. words

Japanese students work very hard but many are unhappy.They feel heavy pressures from their parents to do well in school.Most students are always being told by their parents to study harder so that they can have a wonderful life.Though this may be good ideas for those very bright students,it can have very bad results for many students who are not quick enough at learning.

Unfortunately,a number of students killed themselves.Others are after comfort in using drugs.Some do bad things with trouble-makers and turn to crime.Many of them have tried very hard at school but have failed in the exams and have disappointed their parents.Such students feel that they are less important and leave school before they have finished their study.

It is surprising that though most Japanese parents are worried about their children, they do not help them in any way.Many parents feel that they are not able to help their children and that it is the teachers' work to help their children.To make matters worse, a lot of parents send their children to special school called juku-cram schools.These schools are open during the evening and on weekends, and their only purpose is to prepare students to pass exams, they do not try to educate students in any real sense of the real world. It thus comes as a shock to realize that almost three quarters of the junior or high school population attend these cram schools.

Ordinary Japanese schools usually have rules about everything from the students' hair to their clothes and things in their school bag.Child psychologists now think that such strict rules often lead to a feeling of being unsafe and being unable to fit into society.They regard the rules as being harmful to the development of each student.They believe that no sense of moral values is developed and that students are given neither guidance nor training in becoming good citizens.

56.A lot of Japanese students are unhappy at school because      .

    A.they work very hard    B.they find they can't do well at school

C.they feel unimportant   D.they are under too much pressure

57.Because of their failure at school, some students take drugs to       .

    A.kill themselves            B.seek comfort

C.disappoint their parents     D.make trouble

58.What should be the best title of the passage?

    A.Students' Pressure          B.Students' Problems

    C.The Negative(消极) Impact of Japanese Education

D.The Trouble in Japanese Schools

59.In juku-cram schools students       .

    A.are taken good care of by the teachers  B.feel no pressure

C.are trained to pass exams             D.can learn a lot of useful things

60.In ordinary Japanese schools,        .

    A.there are strict rules       B.students feel safe

C.students can do anything   D.learning is not important

Susan Sontag(1933—2004) was one of the most noticeable figures in the world of literature. For more than 40 years she made it morally necessary to know everything—to read every book worth reading, to see every movie worth seeing. When she was still in her early 30s,publishing essays in such important magazines as Partisan Review,she appeared as the symbol of American culture life,trying hard to follow every new development in literature,film and art. With great effort and serious judgment,Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.

  Seriousness was one of Sontag’s lifelong watchwords(格言),but at a time when the barriers between the well-educated and the poor-educated were obvious, she argued for a true openness to the pleasure of pop culture. In “Notes Camp”, the 1964 essay that first made her name,she explained what was then a little—known set of difficult understandings,through which she could not have been more famous.“Notes on Camp”,she wrote,represents “a victory of ‘form’ over ‘content’, ‘beauty’ over ‘morals’ ”.

    By conviction(信念)she was a sensualist(感觉论者),but by nature she was a moralist(伦理学者),and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s,it was the latter side of her that came forward. In “Illness as Metaphor”—published in 1978,after she suffered cancer—she argued against the idea that cancer was somehow a special problem of repressed personalities(被压抑的性格),a concept that effectively blamed the victim for the disease. In fact,re-examining old positions was her lifelong habit.

    In America,her story of a 19th century Polish actress who set up a perfect society in California,won the National Book Award in 2000. But it was as a tireless,all-purpose cultural view that she made her lasting fame.

    “Sometimes,” she once said,“I feel that,in the end,all I am really defending…is the idea of seriousness,of true seriousness.”And in the end,she made us take it seriously too.

64.The underlined sentence in paragraph l means Sontag ____________.

    A.was a symbol of American cultural life

    B.developed world literature,film and art

    C.published many essays about world culture

    D.kept pace with the newest development of world culture

65.She first won her name through____________.

    A.her story of a Polish actress

    B.her book Illness as Metaphor

    C.publishing essays in magazines like Partisan Review

    D.her explanation of a set of difficult understandings

66.Susan Sontag’s lasting fame was made upon____________.

    A.a tireless,all-purpose cultural view

    B.her lifelong watchword: seriousness

    C.publishing books on morals

    D.enjoying books worth reading and movies worth seeing

67.From the works Susan published in the 1970s and 1980s,we can learn that _____.

    A.she was more a moralist than a sensualist

    B.she was more a sensualist than a moralist

    C.she believed repressed personalities mainly led to illness

    D.she would like to re-examine old positions

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