.

We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively(被动地). We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.

We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Although we are used to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.

Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is rumor (谣言).

Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on. Then the last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.

That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own feelings to a story, trying to improve it, marking it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.

This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.

59. According to the passage, passive learning may occur when a person is _______.

A. doing a medical experiment          B. solving a math problem

  C. watching news on TV               D. doing scientific reasoning

60. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.

A. active learning     B. knowledge    C. communication       D. passive learning

61. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____.

  A. a message may be changed when being passed on

  B. a message should be delivered in different ways

  C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing  

D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor

62. What can we infer from the passage?

  A. Active learning is less important.

  B. Passive learning may not be dependable.

  C. Active learning occurs more frequently.

  D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.

.

Annual holidays have become a luxury and are no longer a staple of family life, according to government research.

A getaway of a week or more is no longer considered essential by many families and is often beyond their reach, said the analysis of what parents and children say they really need.Fashionable clothes for the children, expensive birthday parties and lots of toys are also on the list of luxuries families don’t have to have.Instead, recession-hit parents are thinking of the future, and the things they want for their children centre around learning to behave properly, good education and good health.

Their picture of what a family ought to have includes a space to eat together away from the television, plenty of fruit and vegetables, and bicycles so children can get exercise.

The breakdown of necessities and luxuries was prepared by researchers from the Department for Work and Pensions(DWP) who were trying to establish an up-to-date picture of what parents say they really need.

Their findings show how families have scaled down their expectations in the face of economic difficulties — how parents are now concentrating their attention and money firmly on the long-term interests of their children.Many believe that while it is vital for a family to do things together, day trips or weekend breaks are enough.

Spending on furniture or decorating the house was also considered luxurious, unless the state of the home was so bad it became difficult to invite visitors in.

Instead, researchers said: A family home should have an area where the family can eat together, not on their laps in front of a television.Families should be able to go on outings, overnight trips and possibly short holiday: the fact of being able to share these experiences is more important than the precise activity and its cost.

71.It can be inferred that ______________.

       A.a week or more holiday is considered beyond many families’ reach

       B.children hardly ever need fashionable clothes and lots of toys

       C.what a family should have is basic things that they must have

       D.annual holidays were once considered necessary and vital

72.In the opinion of most parents, _____________.

       A.families can watch TV together in order to keep up their relationship

       B.day trips or weekend breaks are enough for families to share experiences

       C.their expectations should be increased in the face of economic difficulties

       D.a week’s holiday is an essential minimum during the financial crisis

73.Which of the following is TRUE of the researchers from the DWP?

       A.They confirm many families still need at least a week away on holiday each year.

       B.They learn it is insignificant for a family to do things with each other regularly.

       C.They want to know what parents really need in the face of economic difficulties.

       D.They found spending on furniture or decorating the house was thought valuable.

74.We can conclude from the last paragraph____________.

       A.being able to share experiences is important for families

       B.a family needs at least a week away on holiday each year

       C.a family home should have a comfortable area to watch TV

       D.going on outings and overnight trips is wasting time for families

75.What does the author mainly discuss in the text?

       A.Cycling is very important for children’s health.

       B.Family holidays once a year have become a luxury.

       C.It is vital for parents to eat together with children.

       D.Parents are concerned with children’s future.

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