People who are outdoors in cold weather should avoid actions like suddenly lifting a heavy basket full of snow. Even walking through heavy, wet snow can strain a person’s heart.

Many people aren’t conditioned to the physical stress of outdoor activities and don’t know the dangers of being outdoors in cold weather. Those who like winter sports can suffer accidental hypothermia if they don’t make certain preparations.

Hypothermia means the body temperature has fallen below normal. It occurs when your body can’t produce enough energy to keep the internal (内部的) body temperature warm enough. It can kill you. Heart failure causes most deaths in hypothermia.

Children, the elderly and those with heart disease are at special risk. As people age, their ability to keep a normal internal body temperature often decreases. Elderly people can suffer hypothermia without knowing they’re in danger because they can’t notice the cold conditions as quickly as the young.

Besides cold temperatures, high winds, snow and rain can also steal body heat. Wind is especially dangerous because it removes the layer of heated air from around your body. At 30 degrees Fahrenheit in a 20-mile-per-hour wind, the cooling effect is equal to calm air at four degrees. Similarly dampness (湿气) causes the body to lose heat faster than it would at the same temperature in drier conditions.

To keep warm, wear more clothes. This traps air between layers. Also, wear a hat or head scarf. Much of your body’s heat can be lost through your head. Keep your hands and feet warm, too, as they tend to lose heat rapidly.

Don’t drink alcohol before going outdoors or when outside. Alcohol makes you feel warm at first because blood vessels in the skin expand. But heat is then drawn away from the body’s important organs.

1. The underlined word “strain” in Paragraph 1 means ________.

A. injure     B. warm      C. control    D. burn

2. What is implied in the passage about hypothermia?

A.

It means the body temperature falls rapidly.

B.

Most heart attacks are caused by it.

C.

It is not as scary as people think.

D.

It can threaten a person’s life.

3. Based on the passage, one of the reasons why the elderly are at special risk of suffering from hypothermia is that _______.

A.

they like exercising outside in cold mornings

B.

they can’t notice cold conditions if they are not told

C.

their body temperature is generally lower than young people’s

D.

their ability to keep a normal internal body temperature is not so good

4.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?

A.

What causes the body to lose heat faster.

B.

The advantages of drier conditions.

C.

What else can steal body heat.

D.

Dangers of high winds.

5. Which of the following is NOT a result of drinking alcohol before going outdoors?

A.

Feeling warm at first

B.

The body’s heat is taken away

C.

Blood vessels in the skin expand

D.

The risk of hypothermia is reduced

Think about it

    Escaping a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do before a fire breaks out can save a life. For example, people should know the safety measures to take before opening a hall door during a fire. Also, make sure everyone knows how to unlock doors that may be in the escape path. At times, a key is needed to unlock a door from the inside. So, keep the key in the lock. Or, you can put the key on a key ring and put it where it can be found easily.

    If you live in a flat, know the ways you can use to get out. Show everyone in the family these paths. Remind everyone of the importance of using stairways or fire escapes, not lifts.

    From most homes and lower floors of a block of flats, escape through windows is possible. Learn the best way of leaving by a window with the least chance of serious injury.

    In a home fire, windows are often the only means of escape. The second floor window sill is usually not more than 13 feet from the ground. An average person, hanging by the finger tips, will have a drop of about six feet to the ground. Of course, it is safer to jump a short way than to stay in a burning building. Roll away from the building when you land.

    Windows are also useful when you’re waiting for help. Often you’ll be able to stay in the room for several minutes if you keep the door closed and the window open. Keep your head low in the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may have leaked into the room.

    On a second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those which open onto a roof. From the roof, a person can either drop to the ground or await rescue. Dropping onto sidewalk or pavement might end in injury. Bushes, soft earth, and grass can help to break a fall. A rope ladder should be considered when the drop is too great.

    In a town where the fire department acts quickly, it may be best to wait for rescue. Close the doors and wait by an open window for help. Shout for help. Be sure to close the door before opening a window. Otherwise, smoke and fire may be drawn into the room.

1. We can learn from the passage that windows are __________.

   A. easily broken        B. easy to catch fire   C. good escape paths      D. useful to put out a fire

2. If you happen to be in a room during a fire, it’s a good idea to ________.

  A. open a window     B. use the lifts       C. stand quite still      D. put out the fire

3. We can learn from the article that in a home fire______.

A. people should close the window and open the door

B. soft earth can reduce the chance of being injured

C. it’s always safer to jump out than to stay        

D. rope ladders should not be used

4. What is the main idea of this article?

A. We can turn to the firemen during a fire.     

B. We should keep in mind the escape paths.

C. People should know what to do before a fire breaks out.

D. People should find help as soon as possible during a fire.

  ①Isaac Stern was more than a great violin player. He was one of the most honored musicians in the world. He was an international cultural ambassador. He was a major supporter of the arts in America and in other countries. He was a teacher and activist.

  ②Issac Stern was born in 1920 in what is now Ukraine. His parents moved to San Francisco, California the following year. His mother began teaching Isaac the piano when he was six. He began taking violin lessons after hearing a friend play the instrument. Later, he began studying music at the San Francisco Conservatory (音乐学院). He progressed quickly. When he was 16, he played with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra. The next year, he performed in New York City and was praised by music critics.

  ③During World War II, Mr Stern played for thousands of American soldiers. It was the first time many of them had heard classical music. After the war, he was the first American violinist to perform in a concert in the Soviet Union. He also supported young musicians and cultural organizations in Israel.

  ④In 1979, Isaac Stern visited China. He met with Chinese musicians and students. He taught them about classical Western music. His visit was made into a film, which is called From Mao to Mozart: Isaac Stern in China. It won an Academy Award for best documentary film.

  ⑤In 1984, Isaac Stern received the Kennedy Center Honors Award for his gifts to American culture through music. He expressed his thoughts about the part that music plays in life. He said he believed that music makes life better for everyone, especially children.

  ⑥Mr Stern supported and guided younger classical musicians. They include violinists Itzhak Perlman and Pinchas Zukerman, cellist Yo-Yo Ma, and pianist Yefim Bronfman.

  ⑦Isaac Stern died in 2001 at eh age of 81. He was a major influence on music in the 20th century. He leaves the world richer with his many recordings.

1. Which of the following is the RIGHT time order for these events in Stern’s life?

  a. He began learning music in an institution.

  b. He received the Kennedy Center Honors Award.

  c. He visited the Soviet Union.

  d. He met with Chinese musicians.

  e. He performed for American soldiers.

  A. a,e,c,d,b     B. a,e,b,c,d     C. e,a,b,c,d     D. e,a,c,d,b

2. Paragraph 2 is mainly about ______.

  A. how Stern began to learn music   B. how Stern began his musical career

  C. Stern’s early education          D. Stern’s achievement in music

3. Which of the following statements about Stern is TRUE?

   A. He was an activist in opposing war.

   B. He was active in cultural exchanges between countries.

   C. He had an interest in both playing music and making films.

   D. He made a lot of money from music.

4. The Underlined word “cellist” in Paragraph 6 may refer to ________.

   A. someone who supports young musicians

   B. someone who wants to be a musician

   C. someone who has a gift for music

   D. someone who plays a certain kind of instrument

5. Which of the following shows the RIGHT structure of the text?

   A.        ①                              B.        ①

             ↓                                         ↓

          ②③④⑤                                 ②③④⑤⑥

↓                                         ↓

⑥⑦                                       ⑦

  C. ①②③④⑤⑥                            D.     ①②③

↓                                            ↓

⑦                                       ④⑤⑥⑦

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