Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists.No matter
what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change-to find poetry
where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.
     Landscape (风景) is another unchanging element of art.It can be found from ancient times through the
17thcentury Dutch painters to the 19thcentury romanticists and impressionists.In the 1970s Alfred Leslie,
one of the new American realists, continued this practice.Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before.Unlike Cole
who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually
sees.In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the
highway in the background.He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography(摄
影术) to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom.
     Besides, all art begs the ageold question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their
understanding of reality in one form or another.The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects,
the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the CroMagnon cave people in their naturalistic
drawings of the animals in the ancient forests.To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for
artists of all periods.
     Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant.Past or present,
Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience.Many and different are the
faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings.

1. The underlined word "poetry" most probably means ________.

A. an object for artistic creation
B. a collection of poems
C. an unusual quality
D. a natural scene

2. Leslie's paintings are extraordinary because ________.

A. they are close in style to works in ancient times
B. they look like works by 19thcentury painters
C. they draw attention to common things in life
D. they depend heavily on color photography

3. What is the author's opinion of artistic reality?

A. It will not be found in future works of art.
B. It does not have a longlasting standard.
C. It is expressed in a fixed artistic form.
D. It is lacking in modern works of art.

4. What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?

A. They express people's curiosity about the past.
B. They make people interested in everyday experience.
C. They are considered important for variety in form.
D. They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.

5. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A. History of the arts.
B. Basic questions of the arts.
C. New developments in the arts.
D. Use of modern technology in the arts.

     Whether in the workplace or on the football field, effective teamwork can produce amazing results.
However, working successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem.Effective teamwork certainly
does not just happen automatically; it takes a great deal of hard work and compromise.There are a
number of factors that must be in place to make a good team.
     Effective leadership is one of the most important components of good teamwork.The team's leader
should possess the skills to create and preserve a positive working environment and motivate and inspire
the team members to take a positive approach to work and be highly committed.An effective team leader will promote a high level of spirit and make them feel supported and valued.
Communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team.Team
members must be able to articulate their feelings, express plans and goals, share ideas and see each
other's opinions.·
    Conflicts will arise no matter how well a team functions together.The best way to deal with conflicts is
to have some organized methods of handling conflicts.Team members should be able to voice their
concerns without fear of offending others.Instead of avoiding conflict issues, a handson approach that
settles them quickly is much better.It is often advised that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties
and help work out their differences without taking sides and trying to remain objective if possible.
The team leader must set a good example to create good teamwork.In order to keep team members
positive and committed and motivated, the team leader herself/himself needs to show these qualities.The
team turns to the leader for support and guidance.So any negative words or behaviors on the leader's
part can be disastrous.
    Regardless of what type of work you are in, knowing how to effectively work on with a team is going
to be extremely important to your success and that of your team.

1. Effective leadership is important partly because ________.

A. it helps a leader to develop lots of skills      
B. it makes a leader feel supported and valued
C. it creates a positive working environment      
D. it depends on interpersonal relationship of a team

2. The underlined word "articulate" probably means ________.

A. hide  
B. feel  
C. express  
D. plan

3. When conflicts arise among team members, the team leader should ________.

A. worry about the team members          
B. ignore the team members' voices
C. try to avoid conflict issues  
D. work out their differences

4. To become a good team leader, you have to ________.

A. be positive and committed        
B. set up a good team
C. look for support from the team    
D. avoid natural disasters

5. Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Football and Teamwork
B. What Makes Effective Teamwork
C. Handle Conflict in a Team
D. Communication and Teamwork

     If there is one thing I am sure about, it is that in a hundred years from now we will still be reading
newspapers.It is not that newspapers are a necessity.Even now some people get most of their news
from television or radio.Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday.But for most people reading
a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation.
    The nature of what is news may change.What basically makes news is what affects our lives-the
big political stories; the coverage of the wars, earthquakes and other disasters will continue much the
same.I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though.It's already happening in areas
that may directly affect our lives, like genetic (基因) engineering.In the future, I think there will be more
coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do-as we develop a better understanding of
how the brain operates and what our feelings really are.
    It's quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted (传送) electronically from
Fleet Street and printed out in our own home.In fact, I am pretty sure that it will happen in the future.
You will probably be able to choose from a menu, making up your own newspaper by picking out the
things you want to read-sports and international news, etc.
    I think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition between the different media (媒体).  They actually feed_off each other.Some people once foresaw that television would kill off
newspapers, but that hasn't happened.What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a
screen or sound lost in the air.And as for the Internet, it is never really pleasant to read something just
on a screen.

1.  What is the best title for the text?

A.The Best Way to Get News          
B.  The Changes of Media
C.Make Your Own Newspaper        
D.  The Future of Newspapers

2.  In the writer's opinion, in the future, ________.

A.more big political affairs, wars and disasters will make news
B.newspapers will not be printed in publishing houses any longer
C.newspapers will cover more scientific research
D.more and more people will watch TV

3.  What will probably be on in the newspaper made by you?

A.Sports and international news.      
B.  A menu of important news.
C.The most important news.          
D.  What you are interested in.

4.  From the text, we can infer that ________.

A.  newspapers will win the competition among the different media
B.  newspapers will stay with us together with other media
C.  television will take the place of newspapers
D.  some media will die out

5.  The underlined phrase "feed off" in the last paragraph means ________.

A.depend on      
B.  compete with 
C.  fight with        
D.  kill of

     The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families.But it seems that four out of five
young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly held image (印象)
of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.
     An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more
harmonious than it has ever been in the past."We were surprised by just how positive today's young
people seen to be about their families," said one member of the research team."They're expected to be
rebellious (叛逆的) and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds; they want a car and
material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well.There's more negotiation (商
议) and discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family
decisionmaking process.They don't want to rock the boat."
     So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat
their children as friends."My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,"
says 17yearold Daniel Lazall."I always tell them when I'm going out clubbing.As long as they know
what I'm doing, they're fine with it." Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees."Looking back on the last 10
years, there was a lot of what you could call negotiation.For example, as long as I'd done all my
homework, I could go out on a Saturday night.But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my
parents than that."
     Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected.It is possible that the idea of
teenagers rebellion is not rooted in real facts.A researcher comments, "Our surprise that teenagers say
they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history when
teenagers were regarded as different beings.But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their
parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled.The normal
situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to
taking it over."

1. What is the popular images of teenagers today?

A. They worry about school.
B. They dislike living with their parents.
C. They have to be locked in to avoid troubles.
D. They quarrel a lot with other family members.

2. The study shows that teenagers don't want to ________.

A. share family responsibility
B. cause trouble in their families
C. go boating with their family
D. make family decisions

3. Compared with parents of 30 years ago, today's parents ________.

A. go to clubs more often with their children
B. are much stricter with their children
C. care less about their children's life
D. give their children more freedom

4. According to the author, teenage rebellion ________.

A. may be a false belief
B. is common nowadays
C. existed only in the 1960s
D. resulted from changes in families

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Negotiation in family.
B. Education in family.
C. Harmony in family.
D. Teenage trouble in family.

     Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be
interested in the memoir (回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler who is one of the most famous men in American
education.
     Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19yearold college graduate
Ralph Tyler became hooked_on_teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and
changed his major from medicine to education.
     Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles
Judd and W. W.Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work.In 1927,
he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.
     Tyler became wellknown nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the EightYear Study
from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
    Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford,
a position he held for fourteen years.There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an
independent spirit in their work.
     Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired.He served on a long list of
educational organizations in the United States and abroad.Even in his 80s he traveled across the country
to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives (目标) that develop the best
teaching and learning within their schools.

1. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler's memoir?

A. Top managers.      
B. Language learners.
C. Serious educators.
D. Science organizations.

2. The words "hooked on teaching" underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.

A. attracted to teaching  
B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching
D. unhappy about teaching

3. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?

A. The University of Chicago.
B. Stanford University.
C. Ohio State University.
D. Nebraska University.

4. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ________.

A. he developed a new method of testing
B. he called for free spirit in research
C. he was still active in giving advice  
D. he still led the EightYear Study

5. What can NOT we learn about Ralph W. Tyler in this article?

A. When and where he was born.
B. Where he studied and worked.
C. His devotion to American education.
D. His life with his family.