阅读理解. ROME: The legend of Leonardo da Vinci is covered in mystery: How did he die? Are the remains——青夏教育精英家教网—

     ROME: The legend of Leonardo da Vinci is covered in mystery: How did he die? Are the remains
buried in a French castle really those of the master? Was the "Mona Lisa" a self-portrait in disguise (伪装)?
     A group of Italian scientists believe the key to solving those puzzles lies with the remains, and they say
they are seeking permission to dig up the body to conduct carbon and DNA testing.
     If the skull is undamaged, the scientists can go to the heart of a question that has fascinated scholars
and the public for centuries: the identity of the "Mona Lisa." Recreating a virtual and then physical
reconstruction of Leonardo's face, they can compare it with the smiling face in the painting.
     "We don't know what we'll find if the tomb is opened. We could even just find grains and dust," says
Giorgio Gruppioni, an anthropologist who is participating in the project. "But if the remains are well kept,
they are a biological record of events in a person's life, and sometimes in their death." Silvano Vinceti, the
leader of the group, said that he plans to press his case with the French officials in charge of the said
burial site at Amboise Castle early next week.
     Leonardo moved to France at the invitation of King Francis I, who named him "first painter to the
king." He spent the last three years of his life there, and died in 1519 at age 67. The artist's original burial
place, the palace church of Saint Florentine, was destroyed during the French Revolution and remains
that are believed to be his were eventually reburied in the Saint-Hubert Chapel near the castle.
     "The Amboise tomb is a symbolic tomb; it's a big question mark," said Alessandro Vezzosi, the
director of a museum dedicated to Leonardo in his hometown of Vinci. Vezzosi said that investigating the
tomb could help identify the artist's bones with certainty and solve other questions, such as the cause of
his death. He said he asked to open the tomb in 2004 to study the remains, but the Amboise Castle
turned him down.
     The group of 100 experts involved in the project, called the National Committee for Historical and
Artistic Heritage, was created in 2003 with the aim of "solving the great mysteries of the past," said
Vinceti, who has written books on art and literature.
     Arguably the world's most famous painting, the "Mona Lisa" hangs in the Louvre in Paris, where it
drew some 8.5 million visitors last year. Mystery has surrounded the identity of the painting's subject for
centuries, with opinions ranging from the wife of a Florentine merchant to Leonardo's own mother.
     That Leonardo intended the "Mona Lisa" as a self-portrait in disguise is a possibility that has interested and divided scholars. Theories have existed: Some think that Leonardo's taste for tricks and riddles might
have led him to hide his own identity behind that puzzling smile; others have guessed that the painting hid
an androgynous lover.
     If granted access to the grave site, the Italian experts plan to use a tiny camera and radar to confirm
the presence of bones. The scientists would then exhume (挖掘) the remains and attempt to date the
bones with carbon testing.
     At the heart of the proposed study is the effort to discover whether the remains are actually
Leonardo's, including with DNA testing.
     Vezzosi questions the DNA comparison, saying he is unaware of any direct descendants (后代) of
Leonardo or of tombs that could be attributed with certainty to the artist's close relatives.
     Gruppioni said that DNA from the bones could also eventually be compared to DNA found elsewhere. For example, Leonardo is thought to have rubbed colors on the canvas with his thumb, possibly using
saliva (唾液), meaning DNA might be found on his paintings.
     Even in the absence of DNA testing, other tests could provide useful information, including whether
the bones belonged to a man or a woman, and whether the person died young or old.
     Even within the committee, experts are divided over the identity of the "Mona Lisa."
     Vinceti believes that a tradition of considering the self-portrait to be not just a faithful imitation of one's
features but a representation of one's spiritual identity may have resonated (共鸣) with Leonardo.
     Vezzosi, the museum director, dismissed as "baseless and senseless" the idea that the "Mona Lisa"
could be a self-portrait of Leonardo. He said most researchers believe the woman may have been either
a wife of the artist's sponsor, the Florentine nobleman Giuliano de Medici, or Lisa Gherardini, the wife of
a rich silk merchant, Francesco del Giocondo. The traditional view is that the name "Mona Lisa" comes
from the silk merchant's wife, as well as its Italian name: "La Gioconda."

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