阅读理解
     Many people have tried to simplify (简化) the spelling of English words.Unlike other languages,English sometimes spells the same sounds in very different ways.For example,there is "light" but "white","loan" but "phone",and there are at least seven different ways of pronouncing "ough":"though","through","bough","
cough","enough","ought" and "thorough"．
     The American President Theodore Roosevelt almost succeeded in simplifying English spelling.In 1906,Andrew Carnegie started the Simplified Spelling Board.He was one of the richest men in the United States of America.The board's plan was to make the spelling of words nearer to the way they sound.For
example,the word "though" would be spelt "tho" and "through" would become "thru"．Other people on the board were Melvil Dewey,the head of the New York libraries,and Professor Brander Matthews of
Columbia University.They explained their idea to President Roosevelt,who thought that it was indeed
logical.He immediately asked the government printer to use simplified spelling in all government letters.
But people didn't like the change,even if it made life easier.So the new simpler spelling was not popular.
More importantly,when the American politicians (政客) discussed the plan,they did not like it either.
Because Roosevelt did not want to have any problems with the politicians,he changed his mind and told the printer to go back to the old way of spelling.
     Since then no one in any government has dared to simplify English spelling.However,people do simplify some words,mainly in advertisements.For example,we often see "tonite" instead of "tonight" and "thru"
instead of "through"．
1. Many people have tried to simplify English spelling because________.
A. English words are too long to remember
B. there are many mistakes in English words
C. lots of words are spelt in many different ways
D. sometimes the same sounds have different spellings
2. Who is NOT a member of the Simplified Spelling Board?
A. Andrew Carnegie.  
B. Melvil Dewey.
C. Theodore Roosevelt.  
D. Brander Matthews.
3. What was Theodore Roosevelt's attitude towards simplified spelling?
A. Worried.  
B. Supportive.  
C. Uncertain.  
D. Doubtful.
4. According to the passage,simplified spelling________.
A. was welcomed by the US politicians
B. changed the way the words sound
C. has been used widely for over a century
D. was first used in US government letters
5. Roosevelt's plan to simplify English spelling________.
A. failed in the end  
B. proved quite successful
C. won wide support  
D. influenced English greatly
阅读理解
     Faced with a tough job market, fresh graduates are dreaming of running their own businesses instead.
But a recent survey has showed that such ambitions lack the required support and remain just that-dreams.
The Shanghai Municipal Employment Promotion Centre poll of 1,276 graduates in several universities and colleges in the city, released last Friday, showed 59.78 percent of respondents considered the possibility
of setting up a company or at least a small store. "But they just stop at the 'thinking stage'," it stated.
     Respondents put the top reasons for not going it alone down to a shortage of investment and a lack of
business opportunity. They also listed lack of business experience and social networks, the need for
advanced study and objections from family members as factors that stood in their way.
     More than 90 percent of the interviewees said they would rather take up a job after graduating and then consider starting their own business two or three years down the road.
Guo Bin, a senior student in Shanghai International Studies University majoring in English, decided he
wanted to be his own boss last year. But he is looking for a job first. "If I fail to find a satisfying job, I
would like to establish a company in exhibition services," Guo said.
     The Shanghai native has some relatives working in a local printing plant. With their help, Guo hopes to produce exhibition brochures at a relatively low price. He is also confident that his English language skills
can help him do well in the industry.
     "Social networking is an important factor leading to business success," Guo said.
     Guo said that the shortage of graduate jobs is the main reason driving more university students to set up a business right after their graduation.
    Jiang said the university sets up a business guide team made of government officials and prof essionals.
They regularly give training courses to students who show an interest in having their own business. The
parents of university graduates are more willing to help their children start up alone. The survey showed "
Once you win the support of your family, you have won half the battle," Guo added.
1. Which of the following can be the best title?
A. A tough job market
B. Graduates can only dream of being boss
C. The ambitions of fresh graduates
D. The story of Guo Bin
2. Which of the following is NOT true about stopping  fresh graduates realising their dreams of being boss?
A. The lack of business opportunity and investment.
B. The shortage of business experience.
C. Less skilled English language.
D. Their  family members' objections.
3. In the view of Guo Bin, what is the key factor that makes fresh graduates dream of being boss  soon
after graduation?
A. Their family don't support them.
B. Their social networking is not good.
C. There are not enough graduate jobs.
D. They want to achieve greater success.
4. Who is this article mostly intended for?
A. The parents whose child will graduate from university soon.
B. Those who will graduate from university.
C. Those who want to be boss.
D. The officials who work in the government.
阅读理解
     There is more and more worry about the growing threat of globalization, which is accompanied by
those warnings that the rich pattern of local life is being undermined(破坏), and many dialects and
traditions are becoming extinct. But stop and think for a moment about the many positive aspects that
globalization is bringing. Read on and you are sure to feel comforted, ready to face the global future.
     Consider the Internet, that good example of our shrinking world. Leaving aside the worries about
political extremism, even the most narrowminded must admit that the net offers a lot of benefits, not just in
terms of education, the sector(部分)for which it was originally designed, but more importantly on a global
level, the spread of news and comment. It will be increasingly difficult for politicians to misinform the
public, as the oppressed(被压迫的)will not only find support and comfort, but also be able to organise themselves more effectively.
     MTV is another global provider that is often criticized for imposing(强加)popular culture on the
unsuspecting millions around the world. Yet the viewers' judgment on MTV is undoubtedly positive; it is
regarded as necessary by most of the global teenage generation who watch it, a vital part of growing up.
And in the final analysis, what harm can a few songs and videos cause?
     Is the world dominance(绝对优势)of brands like Nike and Cocacola so bad for us, when all is said
and done? Sportswear and soft drinks are harmless products when compared to the many other things that have been globally available for a longer period of time-heroin and cocaine, for example. In any case, just because Nike shoes and Coke cans are for sale, it doesn't mean you have to buy them-even globalization
cannot take away people's free will.
     Critics of globalization can stop presenting their doom and gloom statements. Life goes on, and has
more to offer for many citizens of the world than it did for their parents' generation.
1. Some people feel sad about globalization because they believe it will ________.
A. affect the rich local life
B. bring threat to the world peace
C. change their present difficult lifestyle
D. increase the size of people speaking dialects
2. Internet was originally designed ________.
A. to spread news and comment
B. to get support and comfort
C. to organise the oppressed more effectively
D. to promote education
3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The Internet makes people worried about political extremism.
B. Nike and Cocacola shouldn't have caused so much worry.
C. All of the global teenage generation think that MTV is a necessary and important part for their growing up.
D. Sportswear and soft drinks cannot be compared with drug.
4. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?
A. Globalization is standardization(标准化)
B. Globalization: don't worry, be happy
C. Globalization: like it or change it
D. Globalization brings equality

阅读理解。

     The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more
they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid.
     Consider the novel views on the subject of getting ahead.Coleman is black.He spent 11
years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a
consultant to the likes of AT & T, Coca Cola.Coleman says that based on what he's seen at
big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long term career success as
follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image,30%; and exposure, a full 60%.Coleman
concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work
well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion.He finds that advancement
more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.
     Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races
who, like Coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes."Women and blacks in
organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleen Jamison, a New York based management
consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues."They think that if you work hard, you'll get
ahead and someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She added, "Most women
and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color
that they play down their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have
traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.
1．The best title for this passage would be________.
A．The Importance of Being Visible
B．Roles of Women and Minorities in Management
C．Job Performance and Advancement
D．Sex and Career Success
2．To achieve success in your career,the most important factor, according to the passage, is to_______.
A．work as a consultant to your superiors
B．project a favorable image to the people around you
C．let your superiors know how good you are
D．perform well your tasks given by your superiors
3．The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they________.
A．know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotion
B．don't want people to think that their promotions are due to sex or color
C．don't want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefs
D．believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color
4．In the author's opinion, Coleman's beliefs are________.
A．biased  
B．popular
C．superficial  
D．insightful
阅读理解。
     While small may be beautiful,tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems,particularly when it comes
to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.
     The Tall Persons Club Great Britain(TPCGB),which was formed six months ago to campaign
(发起运动)for the needs of the tall,has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.Beds that are
too small,shower heads that are too low,and restaurant tables with hardly any legroom all make life
difficult for those of above average height,it says.
    But it is not just the extratall whose needs are not being met.The average height of the population
has been increasing yet the standard size of beds,doorways,and chairs has remained unchanged.
     "The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a
kingsize bed at 6'66"(6 feet and 6 inches)is falling short for 25%of men,while the standard 6'3"?
bed caters for(满足需要)less than half of the male(男性)population,"said TPCGB president Phil
Heinricy,"Sevenfoot beds would work fine."
     Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems.Small tables,which mean the longlegged
have to sit a foot or so away from them,are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.
    Some have already taken note,however.At Queens Moat Houses' Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh,
6'6" beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors,particularly
Americans.
1．What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?
A．To provide better services.
B．To rebuild hotels and restaurants.
C．To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.
D．To attract more people to become its members.
2．Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy?
A．7'2".      
B．7'.      
C．6'6".  
D．6'3".
3．What may happen to restaurants with small tables? 
A．They may lose some customers.
B．They may start businesses elsewhere.
C．They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.
D．They have to provide enough space for the longlegged.
4．What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?
A．Tall people pay more for larger beds.
B．6?6? beds have taken the place of 6'3" beds.
C．Special rooms are kept for Americans.
D．Guest rooms are standardized.
阅读理解。
     Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income.So this year she did something
more than a hobby(业余爱好):She planted vegetables in her yard.For her first garden,Ms.Feeley has
put in 15 tomato plants,and five rows of a variety of vegetables.The family's old farm house has become
a chicken house,its residents arriving next month.Last year, Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden.This
year she has made it much larger because,she said,"The cost of everything is going up and I was looking
to lose a few pounds,too；so it's a winwin situation all around."
    They are among the growing number of Americans who,driven by higher living costs and a falling
economy(经济),have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.Others have increased the size of
their existing gardens.Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home.Now many gardens across the country have been sold out
for several months.In Austin,Tex.,some of the gardens have a threeyear waiting list.
    George C．Ball Jr.,owner of a company,said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40%over
last year,double the average growth of the last five years.Mr.Ball argues that some of the reasons have
been building for the last few years.The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk
, together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables.Food prices have increased because of
higher oil prices.People are now driving less,taking fewer vacations,so there is more time to garden.
1．What does the word "residents" in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?
A．chickens      
B．tomatoes
C．gardens      
D．people
2.By saying "a winwin situation all around",Ms.Gartin means that________.
A．she is happier and her garden bigger
B．she may spend less and lose weight
C．she is selling more and buying less
D．she has grown more varieties of vegetables
3.Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular? 
A．More Americans are doing it for fun.
B．The price of oil is lower than before.
C．There's a growing need for fruits.
D．The cost of living is on the rise.
4．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A．Family Food Planning    
B．Banking on Gardening
C．A Belttightening Move  
D．Gardening as a Hobby
阅读理解。

     Things have really changed. Not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable
comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits(新兵). Recruits, once denounced by antiwar
students as "baby killers" and barred from (从……扫除)campuses, are welcomed ever at famous
universities. ROTC (美国后备军官训练队) programs that once faltered are flourishing again.
The military academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications.
     Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure(诱惑) of the jobs, technical training
and generous student loans offered by the military. Students know that if they go in and become,
say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can_come_out_and demand a salary of $60,000 a year.
Military salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for comparable jobs in the private
sector, are more than respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available:
free medical service, room and board, and PX (Post Exchange) privileges. Monthly pay for a recruit
is $574; for a sergeant with four years' service it is $906; for a major with ten years' service it is
$2,305. The welfare has helped win over the TV generation. Kids are walking down the school
hallways chanting 'Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines' . There is a return to the view that the military
is an honorable profession. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are
over. Recruiting for all four services combined is running at 101%of authorized goals. And the retention
rate is now so high that the services are refusing some reenlistment applications and reducing annual
recruiting target.
     The military academics are also enjoying halcyon years,attracting more and betterqualified students.
Compared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharply, the service
schools are a real bargain: not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $500 a month.
It is reported 12,300 applicants are for the 1,450 positions in this year's freshman class. Military
academies are now just as selective as any of the best universities in the country. Nationwide, ROTC
enrollment exceeds 105,000,a 64% increase over the 1974 figure. In the mid 70's, the ROTC students
refused to wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule, if they did. Now
if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice.

1．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．The military is in.  
B．The military is up.
C．The military is down.  
D．The military is on.
2．What was the attitude of the students in 1970s towards the military?
A．Approval.  
B．Indifferent.
C．Distaste.  
D．Scolding.
3．The underlined phrase "come out" is closest in meaning to "______"．
A．become visible  
B．begin to grow
C．be made public  
D．gain a certain position
4．Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to attract students?
A．Free tuition.  
B．Spacious room.
C．Considerate allowance.  
D．Technical training.
阅读理解
     In their book Time to Eat the Dog:The Real Guide to Sustainable Living,Robert and Brenda Vale
say keeping a mediumsized dog has the same ecological impact as driving 10,000 km a year in a 4.6 liter
Land Cruiser.
     "We're not actually saying it is time to eat the dog.We're just saying that we need to think about and
know the ecological impact of some of the things we do and that we take for granted."
Constructing and driving the jeep for a year requires 0.41 hectares of land,while growing and
manufacturing a dog's food takes about 0.84 hectares-or 1.1 hectares in the case of a large dog such as a German shepherd.
     Convincing flesheating cats and dogs to go vegetarian for the sake of the planet is a nonstarter,the Vales say.Instead they recommend keeping "greener",smaller,and more sustainable pets,such as goldfish,chickens or rabbits.
     The book's playful title,and serious suggestion that pet animals may be usefully"recycled",by being eaten by their owners or turned into pet food when they die,may not appeal to animal fans.
     Annoying as the idea may be,the question is valid given the planet's growing population and limited
resources,Robert Vale said.
     "Issues about sustainability are increasingly becoming things that are going to require us to make choices which are as difficult as eating your dog.It's not just about changing your light bulbs or taking a cloth bag to the supermarket,"he said.
     "It's about much more challenging and difficult issues," he added.
1. The authors gave their book the playful title to________.
A. make it amusing  
B. create a vivid image
C. show writing skills  
D. arouse people's concern
2. In Paragraph 3 the writer mainly wants to tell us________.
A. the amount of consumed land
B. the neglected ecological impact
C. some familiar examples
D. some actual figures
3. Who may not like the idea of "recycling" pet animals?
A. Manufacturers.  
B. Drivers.
C. Animal fans.  
D. The authorities.
4. What do the authors think of living a sustainable life?
A. Challenging.  
B. Inspiring.
C. Inviting.  
D. Touching.
阅读理解
     Don't_believe_all_of_the_stereotypes(模式化的形象)you_may_have_heard_about_Americans.Even the ones that are true in general may not be true about specific individuals or a large part of the population.For example,although Americans tend to be louder than people from other cultures(especially at athletic
events),many of the people you meet will be quiet and polite.Some people may be intolerant, but most will be pleasant and welcoming.Remember that American films and television exaggerate(夸张)in order to
generate excitement, and so present a rather false picture of what life in the United States is really like.
Therefore,tourists in the US are not always on their best behavior.
     Americans do tend to be more informal than people from other countries.It is common for Americans
to wear casual clothing to school and to greet professors by first name.However, good manners and
politeness are always appreciated.If you are polite, and dress a little more formally than your American
friends, it will not be poorly thought of.
     However,some businesses require their employees to wear a uniform or a suit.It would be improper to wear a Tshirt and blue jeans to a job interview.Some of the more prestigious restaurants require a coat and a tie.Americans tend to dress up for cultural events(the opera,theater and ballet)and to dress down for
athletic events.Formal wear is required at weddings and funerals, or any other event with religion.If you
rely on the stereotypes,you will likely put yourself into an embarrassing situation.
1. The underlined sentence probably means________.
A. some of the stereotypes you may have heard about Americans are not true
B. you should not believe the stereotypes you may have heard about Americans
C. none of the stereotypes you may have heard about Americans should be believed
D. none of the stereotypes you may have heard about Americans should not be believed
2.The passage is probably written for________.
A. businessmen  
B. visitors to America
C. American students  
D. American filmmakers
3.The second paragraph suggests that________.
A. most Americans are polite
B. people who are polite are welcome
C. casual clothing makes others uncomfortable
D. American students are impolite to their teachers
4. We can learn from the passage that________.
A. American films are mostly poor comedies
B. it is good manners to wear blue jeans to a wedding
C. Americans usually wear formal clothes in a theater
D. to dress formally makes others feel you are not easy
to get on with
阅读理解
     It is very possible for a person with a disability to get a job. Depending on the type of disability a
person has, there are many positions available. Of course, he must be realistic in choosing a job. If he has a physical disability, he should look for a job in which he can use his skills and abilities.
     Some larger companies have programs for hiring people with disabilities. It is a good idea to get into
touch with them, as they are much more enthusiastic to hiring people with disabilities due to their positive
past experiences. Some disability-support groups may have lists of companies that have been helpful in the past, have a history of hiring disabled people or know of some working positions that are open to disabled people.
     When talking with an employer about the job, one must be very honest. He should tell the employer
about his disability. It is also important to know whether there are any sorts of' tools or new technology
that could help a person with a disability do a job. For instance, when working with computers, there is
special software that allows one to tell it what to write instead of having to type it. Or a new type of
wheelchair that allows one to do his job easier would also be a very good investment as it may be the key
to getting a job. It is very important for a disabled person to realize that he should not suffer mistreatment
of any kind from the employer. Although his abilities are slightly different from the majority of other
working people, there is no reason for one to he treated badly. He should ask for a fair salary and fair
treatment.
1. Some companies hire the disabled because they think the disabled        .    
A. ask for less money
B. are equal to others
C. work harder than others
D. are pitiful
2. If a person with disability is asking for a job in a company, he should say           .   
A. nothing about his health
B. something about his demand
C. something about his disability
D. nothing about his family
3. The writer suggests in this passage that         .     
A. modern equipment can help the disabled in their jobs
B. the disabled should spend much money on improving their health
C. companies should provide wheelchairs to the disabled
D. the disabled must learn how to operate computers
4. In the last paragraph the writer advises that the disabled should           .   
A. do easy jobs
B. ask for the same rights as others
C. work shorter time
D. often change their positions
5. What's the best title for this passage?    
A. Larger Companies hiring the disabilities.
B. How to get a job for the disabilities.
C. Honesty is important for the disabilities.
D. The disabilities must be realistic.
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