It’s rare that you see the words “shyness” and “letter” in the same sentence.After all,the common viewpoint is that those outgoing and sociable guys make great public speakers and excellent networkers and that those shy people are not.A survey conducted by USA Today referred to 65 percent of executives who believed shyness to be a barrier to leadership.Interestingly,the same article stresses that roughly 40 percent of leaders actually are quite shy—they're just better at adapting themselves to situational demands.Bill Gates,Warren Buffet and Charles Schwab are just a few "innies".

Unlike their outgoing counterparts who are more sensitive to rewards and risk-taking,shy people take a cautious approach to chance.Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering,shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak.They're not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking,but rather listening so they can learn what to say.Along the same lines,shy people share a common love of learning.They are intrinsically（内在地） motivated and therefore seek content regardless of achieving an outside standard.

Being shy can also bring other benefits.Remember being in school and hearing the same kids contribute,until shy little Johnny,who almost never said a word,cut in?Then what happened? Everyone turned around to look with great respect at little Johnny actually talking.This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence: they "own" the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully,which translate to a positive image.

Shyness is often related to modesty.Not to say that limelight-seekers aren't modest,but shy people tend to have an accurate sense of their abilities and achievements.As a result,they are able to acknowledge mistakes,imperfections, knowledge gaps and limitations.

Since shy people have a lower sensitivity to outside rewards than outgoing ones,they're more comfortable working with little information and sticking to their inner desires.Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that aren't primarily apparent.Don't believe me?Maybe you'll believe Albert Einstein,who once said,"It's not that I'm so smart,it's that I stay with problems longer."Obviously,finding certainty where uncertainty is typically popular is a huge plus for any successful person.

The myth that shy people are less effective leaders than their outgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding.Make wise use of your personality strengths to lead your business no matter what side of the range you fall on.

1.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that_______.

A. shy people are sensitive to rewards

B. shy people care more about content

C. outgoing people are more careful about chances

D. outgoing people consider what to learn while listening

2.The example of Johnny shows______.

A. shy people are likely to be modest

B. hardworking students speak little in public

C. some students keep silent on purpose at school

D. shy people may have an advantage in discussion

3.We can learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 that______.

A. shyness results in success

B. shyness contributes to popularity

C. outside reward leads to insistence

D. uncertainty counts more than certainty

4.The author supports his ideas mainly by______.

A. giving definitions and presenting research results

B. explaining problems and providing solutions

C. quoting authorities and making evaluations

D. making contrasts and gibing examples

“Can’t hold a candle to” is a popular expression.When there wasn’t electricity,someone would have a servant light his way by holding a candle.The expression meant that the person who cannot hold a candle to you is not fit even to be your servant.Now,it means such a person cannot compare or compete.

Another expression is “hold your tongue.”It means to be still and not talk.“Hold your tongue”is not something you would tell a friend.But a parent or teacher might use the expression to quiet a noisy child.

“Hold out”is an expression one hears often in sports reports and labor news.It means to refuse to play or work. Professional football and baseball players “hold out” if their team refuses to pay them what they think they are worth.

The expression “hold up” has several different meanings.One is a robbery.A man with a gun may say,“This is a hold up.Give me your money.”Another meaning is to delay.A driver who was held up by heavy traffic might be late for work.Another meaning is for a story to be considered true after an investigation.A story can hold up if it is proved true.

“Hold on” is another expression,which means wait or stop.As you leave for school,your brother may say,“Hold on,you forgot your book.” It is used to ask a telephone caller to wait and not hang up his telephone.

Our final expression is “hold the line.”That means to keep a problem or situation from getting worse—to hold steady.For example,the president may say he will “hold the line on taxes.”He means there will be no increase in taxes.

1.The expression “can’t hold a candle to” can be used when _______.

A. some footballers refuse to play a game

B. someone else is wanted on the phone

C. someone is not qualified for a position

D. someone was delayed by heavy traffic

2.The tune of the phrase “hold your tongue” is probably a little_______.

A. amusing B. polite

C. unfriendly D. offensive

3.If some teachers “hold out”,they probably______.

A. change their attitude B. refuse to work

C. make a compromise D. show their devotion

4.Which of the following sentences can convey positive meanings?

A. I was late as I was held up by a hold up.

B. Hold on!You have to pay the bill,sir.

C. You can’t even hold a candle to Michael.

D. I promise to hold the line on house prices.

How can we reduce the risk?

There are four general approaches to dealing with volcanic（火山似的）dangers.We can try to keep the danger from occurring—often an impossible task.We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. We can take steps to protect future development.We can also do our best to have disaster response plans in place before they are needed.

Removing the Threat

Clearly,there is no way to stop an eruption.We can,however,attempt to reduce the eruption’s effects by strengthening structures,for example,building protective works such as walls to make lava（熔岩）flow away from developed areas.Such efforts can be and have been successful,but are of limited use in a large-scale（范围）eruption.

Planning for the Future

Protecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task.Before building houses,we should judge the risk.If the risk seems too great,a safer location should be found.This type of planning is very effective,but all too often,people are drawn to the lush（葱郁的）,rolling land of a quiet volcano.

Disaster Preparedness（预案）

When a volcano comes to life,a few weeks may not be enough to avoid a tragedy.Planning is the key to saving lives.Well before the warning signs occur,people must be educated about volcanic dangers.Escape plans must be in place.Communication between scientists,officials,the media,and the general public should be practiced.Emergency measures must be thought out and agreed upon.

If you doubt the importance of these efforts,take another look at past volcanic tragedies,such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz.Communication failures left the town of Armero unprepared for escape.When a deadly mudflow came down the slope（斜坡）,21,000 people—90 percent of the town’s people—died.

1.The passage is intended for_______.

A. the general public B. architects

C. adventurers D. geographers

2.When building houses,people tend to______.

A. judge volcanic dangers carefully

B. take volcanic dangers seriously

C. live near a quiet volcano

D. find a safer place far away from a volcano

3.The writer mentioned Nevado del Ruiz to prove______.

A. the failure to keep volcanic dangers from happening

B. the importance of preparing for a volcanic eruption

C. the bravery of the people in Armero Town

D. the uncertainty of volcano’s damage

I was born and raised in Minnesota,the USA,but us an adult I have mostly lived in Europe and Africa.I teach cross-cultural management at the International Business School near Paris.For the last 15 years,I’ve studied how people in different parts of the world build trust,communicate,and make decisions especially in the workplace.

While traveling in Tokyo recently with Japanese colleague,I gave a short talk to a group of 20 managers.At the end,I asked whether there were any questions or comments.No hands went up,so I went to sit down.My colleague whispered to me,“I think there actually were some comments,Erin.Do you mind if I try?”I agreed,but I guessed it a waste of breath.He asked the group again,“Any comments or questions?”

Still,no one raised a hand,but this time he looked very carefully at each person in the silent audience.Gesturing to one of them,he said,“Do you have something to add?”To my amazement,she responded “Yes,thank you.” and asked me a very interesting question.My colleague repeated this several times,looking directly at the audience and asking for more questions or comments.

After the session,I asked my colleague,“How do you know that those people had questions?”He hesitated,not sure how to explain it,and then said,“It has to do with how bright their eyes are.”

He continued,“In Japan,we don’t make as much direct eye contact as you do in the West.So when you asked if there were any comments,most people were not looking directly at you.But a few people in the group were looking right at you,and their eyes were bright.That indicates that they would be happy to have you call on them.”

I thought to myself I would never have learned from my upbringing in Minnesota.Since then,I try to focus on understanding behavior in other cultures I encounter,and keep finding the bright eyes in the room.

1.What can we conclude from the first paragraph?

A. Life in Minnesota has made the author worn out.

B. The author enjoys traveling around the world.

C. Different cultures are kind of familiar to the author.

D. The author may start his own business in the future.

2.Hearing the colleague whispering,the author______.

A. went back to his seat and got seated

B. knew his colleague had some questions

C. owed a big debt of gratitude to his colleague

D. thought his colleague would get nowhere

3.Where does the author’s colleague probably come from?

A. Japan. B. America.

C. Africa. D. France

4.Which is the proper title for the passage?

A. Focusing on Behavior in Cultures.

B. Looking at Another Culture in the Eye.

C. Sharing Different Cultures in Tokyo.

D. Admiring the Beauty in the Eye.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。（答题卡上E涂AB；F涂AC； G涂AD)

How to Study Better

If you want to study better, you should pay attention to learning methods, study skills and study habits. Developing them can help you learn better.

Keep your study area tidy and organized. Papers, books, magazines, or pictures all over your work area may distract you from the work you have to do. 1. If there are too many icons on your desktop, it is difficult for you to find what you need immediately.

Maintain a quiet work area for yourself. Make sure your work area is free of distractions. There are too many distractions at home, such as a phone, music, TV, friends, or family members. Proper study space can usually be found in the public library, school library, or your bedroom. 2.

3. While learning, you need write, calculate and look up something. So it is very important and necessary to have all the necessary materials and tools that you need with you. In this way, you needn’t be busy borrowing them.

4. In addition to reading your textbook, it is helpful to read or view materials from other sources, such as newspapers, magazines, the Internet, and television programs. You can understand what you will learn in class better.

Never forget to take notes carefully in class. Taking notes carefully can help to grasp the key parts. 5. We can say that it is really a successful way to study.

A. A quiet place can help to improve study efficiency.

B. You should know how to schedule your study time.

C. The same is your computer desktop.

D. Try hard to learn knowledge as much as possible.

E. It is convenient to review them later.

F. Having necessary materials is very beneficial to study.

G. Get ready for class by reading extra materials ahead of time.

I was at the post office early that morning,hoping to be in and out in a short while.Yet,I____myself standing in a queue that went all the way into the hallway.I had never seen so many people there on a weekday.It seemed someone might have made an announcement,welcoming customers to carry as many____as they could and bring them in when I needed to have my own package____.The queue moved very slowly.My patience ran out and I got____.The longer it took,the angrier I became.When I got to the counter finally,I finished my____ quickly and briefly,and then walked past the queue that was now extending past the front door.

"Excuse me,"I said,trying not to be too pushy.Several people had to move____to make room for me to get to the ____.

I stepped out,complaining about the____conditions.Thinking I was going to be late for my dentist appointment,I headed into the parking lot.

A woman was coming across the lot in my____.She was walking with determination,and each step sounded very heavy.I____that she looked as if she could breathe fire.It stopped me in my tracks.I____myself and it wasn't pretty. Had I looked like that?Her body language said that she was having a____day.My anger melted away.I wished I could wrap her in a hug but I was a____.So I did what I could in a minute____she hurried past me－I smiled.In a second everything changed.She was astonished,then somewhat____.Then her face softened and her shoulders____.I saw her take a deep breath.Her pace slowed and she smiled back at me as we passed each other.

I continued to smile all the way to my____.Wow,it's amazing what a simple smile can do.

From then on,I became aware of people's____and my own,the way we show our feelings.Now I use that____ every day to let it____me that when facing the world,I can try a smile.

1.A. found B. helped C. troubled D. enjoyed

2.A. things B. packages C. chances D. dollars

3.A. lifted B. cashed C. weighed D. carried

4.A. pleased B. disappointed C. delighted D. annoyed

5.A. business B. choice C. situation D. attitude

6.A. away B. about C. along D. aside

7.A. counter B. cashier C. exit D. entrance

8.A. weather B. service C. work D. shopping

9.A. satisfaction B. decision C. direction D. imagination

10.A. announced B. discovered C. proved D. noticed

11.A. trusted B. recognized C. hid D. persuaded

12.A. rough B. bright C. big D. nice

13.A. gentleman B. stranger C. customer D. passenger

14.A. until B. though C. before D. since

15.A. attracted B. frightened C. cheered D. confused

16.A. trembled B. raised C. relaxed D. tightened

17.A. car B. office C. home D. doctor

18.A. appearances B. reactions C. behaviors D. expressions

19.A. treatment B. awareness C. conclusion D. achievement

20.A. remind B. show C. give D. tell

He was a professor.At the age of 90,he still worked eight hours every day regardless1.the weather.

His secretary said:“He was extremely old,but he forced himself to walk from his living place to the office through two blocks.2.would take him an hour to do so,but he insisted because it made him get a sense of3. (succeed).”

One day,a university student4.(step) out of his office with a pile of books.He complained: “He always answers my questions with just a yes or no.However,he always gives me dozens of books and suggests me5.(find) the answer on my own.”

By chance,the professor knew6.the student complained about.He explained to him with a smile:“This is the method I have learnt—the7.(hard) you work independently,the better solutions you will find.If you can make full use of the books,you will8.(probable) become a good lawyer in the future.”

This 90-year-old man was Pound,9.was the president of Law College of Harvard.He believed “all slopes are easy10.( go)”,of which he often reminded his students.

1.I preferred the former design to the_______（后者）.

2.She has been_______（受苦，受难）loss of memory since she had that car accident.

3.There were 2,000 people_______（出席的）at the meeting yesterday.

4.The play is_______（以……为基础）on a short story by Mark Twin of the same title.

5.She had a number of jobs abroad before she finally_______（安顿下来）down.

6.As far as I am________(concern),I can’t agree with what you said.

7.Both English and French are_______(office) languages in Canada.

8.Good books of high quality_______(rich) the mind.

9.He is_______(actual) over fifty years old.

10.A lot has been done in the_______(recover) of national economy in the past few years.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

People used to communicate with each other through letters and public phones.So nowadays they use mobile phones and the Internet instead of.This change in communication have good effects on our works and life.Comparing with letters and public phones,mobile phones and the Internet are fast and much more convenient.If you missed your grandmother,you just take out your phone and say “hello” to him.And she will be happy to hear your voice.If you want to place order with a foreign company,you can e-mail the message.It’ll be minutes after you get their reply.

环境一直是人们普遍关注的话题，也是每位学生喜爱和经常讨论的话题。假如你是李华，请根据下表的信息，写一篇英文短文。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

参考词汇：schoolyard校园

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