10．Almost every day I hear a friend-or a patient-talk about being"addicted"to something：chocolate，exercise，email，a TV show．Are these really addictions？No，if you follow the classic definition of addiction．Why？Let me explain：Addiction means being psychologically and physically dependent on something．However，a compulsion is just a strong desire to do something，which you find difficult to control．Though it can be serious，yet you won't get physically ill when you quit it．
Take one of my patients Kate，who often spoke of her shoe addiction，as an example．She said she had many more shoes than she could use or afford，and she found it nearly impossible to pass up a pair that caught her eye．When she was stressed out，she bought shoes．When she felt sad，she bought shoes．If Kate forced herself not to buy shoes for a week or two，she didn't get physically ill．But she was rarely able to resist shoe shopping for much longer than that．
Many different causes are behind the phenomena．First of all，we think there is a genetic component，since compulsive behaviors seem to happen again in families．An imbalance of chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters （神经介质） may also be to blame．In addition，compulsions often go hand in hand with anxiety and depression．
How do you know when it has crossed the line？Ask yourself these questions：Are you busy planning and doing the behavior？For example，are you having trouble concentrating on work because you're spending time shopping online？Is the behavior negatively affecting one or more areas of your life？Have you tried your best to stop the behavior but couldn't？If your answers are"yes"，you may be struggling with a compulsive behavior and need some help．
When you find yourself having a compulsive behavior，you should start by admitting that you have a problem and thinking about what is driving the behavior．And then try to interrupt or at least postpone the behavior．Changing the way you do it is also a good idea．For example，if you can't stop eating sweets every day，try having an apple every time you want that candy bar．Finally，if you feel you need more help，consider seeing a therapist （治疗专家），who will give you tools to change the actual behavior．
Take one of my patients Kate，who often spoke of her shoe addiction，as an example．She said she had many more shoes than she could use or afford，and she found it nearly impossible to pass up a pair that caught her eye．When she was stressed out，she bought shoes．When she felt sad，she bought shoes．If Kate forced herself not to buy shoes for a week or two，she didn't get physically ill．But she was rarely able to resist shoe shopping for much longer than that．
Many different causes are behind the phenomena．First of all，we think there is a genetic component，since compulsive behaviors seem to happen again in families．An imbalance of chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters （神经介质） may also be to blame．In addition，compulsions often go hand in hand with anxiety and depression．
How do you know when it has crossed the line？Ask yourself these questions：Are you busy planning and doing the behavior？For example，are you having trouble concentrating on work because you're spending time shopping online？Is the behavior negatively affecting one or more areas of your life？Have you tried your best to stop the behavior but couldn't？If your answers are"yes"，you may be struggling with a compulsive behavior and need some help．
When you find yourself having a compulsive behavior，you should start by admitting that you have a problem and thinking about what is driving the behavior．And then try to interrupt or at least postpone the behavior．Changing the way you do it is also a good idea．For example，if you can't stop eating sweets every day，try having an apple every time you want that candy bar．Finally，if you feel you need more help，consider seeing a therapist （治疗专家），who will give you tools to change the actual behavior．
| Addictions or compulsions？ | |
| Paragraph outlines | Supporting details |
| （71）Differencesbetween additions and compulsions | ●When you are addicted to something，you （72）dependon it psychologically and physically，and you'll get physically ill when you give it up． ●A compulsion is a strong desire to do something，and you have （73）difficultycontrolling it． |
| Kate's case | ●She was so fond of buying shoes that she always bought those shoes that （74）attracther，especially when she felt stressed or sad． ●However，if she forced herself to resist shoe shopping，she wouldn't get ill physically． |
| （75）Reasonsof compulsions | ●A compulsion can be genetic or environmental． ●A person can suffer from compulsions when his brain lose （76）balanceof chemicals． |
| Signs of compulsions | ●You're so busy doing the behavior that you fail to （77）concentrateon your work． ●You're experiencing the negative （78）effectof the behavior on your life． ●You can't stop the behavior． |
| Treatments for compulsions | ●Admit your problem and try to know the roots of the behavior． ●Try to （79）interruptor at least postpone the behavior． ●Change the way you do the behavior． ●（80）Turningto a therapist for more help． |
9．A woman I know stood on the bathroom scales （浴室磅秤）after two weeks of diet and hard exercise around the park．The needle was （36）B，stuck on the number where she had started．This struck her as（37）D of how things had been going lately．She was destined （注定） never to be happy．
As she dressed，feeling her tight jeans，she （38）Ba ten-pound note in her pocket．Then her sister phoned with a（39）Astory．When she hurried out to the car-annoyed that she had to get petrol-she discovered her flat mate had already（40）D the tank for her．And this was a woman who thought she'd（41）Bbe happy．
Every day，it seems，we're（42）Awith advice about happiness．The cruel message is that there's something we're supposed to do to be （43）C（make the right choices，or have the right set of beliefs about ourselves．）
Coupled with this is the（44）D that happiness is a permanent condition．If we are not joyful all the time，we（45）Bthere's a problem．
Yet what most people（46）D is not a permanent state of happiness．It is something more ordinary，a（47）Aof what the American writer Hugh Prather once called"unsettled problem，ambiguous（48）Cand vague （不明确的） defeats with few moments of clear peace．"
Maybe you wouldn't say yesterday was a happy day，（49）B，you had a quarrel with your boss．But weren't there moments of happiness，moments of（50）D？Now that you think about it．（51）A，there a letter from an old friend，or a stranger who asked where you got such a good haircut？You remember having a bad day，yet those good moments（52）C．
So in my opinion，happiness is an （53）B，not a condition．It's spending a pleasant hour organizing your closet．It is your family assembled at dinner．It's in the present not in the （54）Cpromise of a"someday when…"．How luckier we are and how much more happiness we experience-if we can fall in love with the life we are （55）A．
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As she dressed，feeling her tight jeans，she （38）Ba ten-pound note in her pocket．Then her sister phoned with a（39）Astory．When she hurried out to the car-annoyed that she had to get petrol-she discovered her flat mate had already（40）D the tank for her．And this was a woman who thought she'd（41）Bbe happy．
Every day，it seems，we're（42）Awith advice about happiness．The cruel message is that there's something we're supposed to do to be （43）C（make the right choices，or have the right set of beliefs about ourselves．）
Coupled with this is the（44）D that happiness is a permanent condition．If we are not joyful all the time，we（45）Bthere's a problem．
Yet what most people（46）D is not a permanent state of happiness．It is something more ordinary，a（47）Aof what the American writer Hugh Prather once called"unsettled problem，ambiguous（48）Cand vague （不明确的） defeats with few moments of clear peace．"
Maybe you wouldn't say yesterday was a happy day，（49）B，you had a quarrel with your boss．But weren't there moments of happiness，moments of（50）D？Now that you think about it．（51）A，there a letter from an old friend，or a stranger who asked where you got such a good haircut？You remember having a bad day，yet those good moments（52）C．
So in my opinion，happiness is an （53）B，not a condition．It's spending a pleasant hour organizing your closet．It is your family assembled at dinner．It's in the present not in the （54）Cpromise of a"someday when…"．How luckier we are and how much more happiness we experience-if we can fall in love with the life we are （55）A．
| 36．A．already | B．still | C．never | D．often |
| 37．A．difficult | B．usual | C．typical | D．hard |
| 38．A．wasted | B．found | C．picked | D．got |
| 39．A．funny | B．sad | C．simple | D．dull |
| 40．A．moved | B．broke | C．covered | D．filled |
| 41．A．often | B．never | C．always | D．seldom |
| 42．A．flooded | B．troubled | C．covered | D．satisfied |
| 43．A．worried | B．successful | C．happy | D．angry |
| 44．A．question | B．condition | C．choice | D．thought |
| 45．A．wish | B．conclude | C．approve | D．agree |
| 46．A．care | B．do | C．ask | D．experience |
| 47．A．mixture | B．puzzle | C．belief | D．time |
| 48．A．memory | B．stories | C．victories | D．life |
| 49．A．so | B．because | C．since | D．but |
| 50．A．silence | B．waste | C．spirit | D．peace |
| 51．A．wasn't | B．was | C．isn't | D．is |
| 52．A．disappeared | B．worked | C．occurred | D．changed |
| 53．A．attitude | B．attitude | C．ache | D．attempt |
| 54．A．near | B．possible | C．distant | D．difficult |
| 55．A．living | B．making | C．doing | D．talking |
