题目内容
13.For centuries,medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness,injury,and disability,enabling people to live longer and healthier lives."A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg.Why can't a human do the same?"asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr.Anthony Atala in a recent interview.The question,a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers,captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine.This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts.
These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things---living cells,tissue,and even organs.
Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental,with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds.One of its most significant advances took place in 1999,when a research group at North Carolina's Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder.Since then,the team,led by Dr.Atala,has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs 一 from kidneys to ears.
The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone.However,donor organs are not always the best option.First of all,they are in short supply,and many people die while waiting for an available organ; in the United States alone,more than 100,000people are waiting for organ transplants.Secondly,a patient's body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ.An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient's own cells and will not be rejected by the body's immune system.
Today,several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts.Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung.At the University of Minnesota,Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart.Dr.Atala's medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord).And at the University of Michigan,H.David Humes has created an artificial kidney.
So far,the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep,but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient.The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and,as a result,significantly increase individuals'chances of survival.
62.In the latest field of regenerative medicine,what are replacement parts made of?C
A.Donated cells,tissues and organs.
B.Rejected cells,tissues and organs.
C.Cells,tissues and organs of one's own.
D.Cells,tissues and organs made of steel.
63.What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bioartificial kidney?C
A.Patients.B.Rats.C.Sheep.D.Soldiers.
64.Why is generative medicine considered innovative?D
A.It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues.
B.It will strengthen the human body's immune system.
C.It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ.
D.It will make patients live longer with bioartificial organs.
65.What is the writer's attitude towards regenerative medicine?A
A.Positive. B.Negative C.Doubtful D.Reserved.
分析 本文主要讲述了医学界的科学家们正在致力于再生医学的研究,造出再生的器官,使人们能够更长寿和更健康的生活.再生医学是一个具有创新意义的领域,造生出来的再生器官移植到人体内不会被免疫系统排斥.目前,人工肾移植已经在绵羊的身上成功的实验了.作者希望在未来的某一天,人工肾移植将发生在人类患者身上.
解答 62.C 理解推断题.根据第三段These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things---living cells,tissue,and even organs.可知它们是由活细胞,组织,和器官组成的,故选C.
63.C 细节信息题.根据最后一段So far,the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep,可知科学家在绵羊的身上成功的做了实验,故选C.
64.D 推理判断题.根据最后一段The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and,as a result,significantly increase individuals'chances of survival.可知再生医学被认为是具有创新意义的是因为:它增加病人幸存下去的可能,能使人活得更长,故选D.
65.A 理解推断题.根据文章倒数第三段讲到的再生医学较之器官捐赠的优势,可知作者对于再生医学的态度是积极乐观的,故选A.
点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力,抓住文章的关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节,能根据已知的结果推测导致结果的可能原因.
-It's a difficult and stressful job but one you can really help people.( )
| A. | where | B. | when | C. | which | D. | that |
To make her skills perfect,Lola(11)D for four hours a day,five days a week.At the state championships in March,she finished seventh out of 16 girls.
That's especially impressive,(12)Ashe is almost blind,born with an unusual condition that makes her eyes unable to see properly.She often sees double an d can't (13)Chow far away things are.
When she was little,her mom (14)A that even though she couldn't see(15)B,she was fearless.So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three.She loved the (16)C right away and gymnastics became her favorite.
Though learning gymnastics has been more (17)Bfor her than for some her teammates,she has never given up.She doesn't let her (18)D stop her from doing anything that she wants to.
She likes the determination it takes to do the sport.Her biggest (19)Ais the balance beam.Because she has double sight,she often sees two beams.She must use her sense of touch to help her during her practice.Sometimes she even closes her eyes."You have to (20)C your mind that it'll take you where you want to go,"says Lola.
To be a top-level gymnast,one must be brave.The beam is probably the most (21)Afor anyone because it's four inches wide.At the state competition,Lola didn't fall (22)Cthe beam.In fact,she got 8.1 out of 10----her highest score ever.
Lola doesn't want to be (23)D differently from the other girls on her team.In the competition,the judges don't know about her sight (24)B.She doesn't tell them,because she doesn't think they need to know.Her mom is amazed by her(25)C attitude.
Lola (26)A thinks about giving up.She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics.Her (27)D is to reach level 9.She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she's learned to other kids(28)Bshe grew up.
Lola is (29)Aof all her hard work and success.She says it's helpful her overcome problems in her life outside gymnastics,too.Her (30)Cfor others is"just believe yourself".
| 11.A.runs | B.teaches | C.dances | D.train s |
| 12.A.since | B.unless | C.after | D.though |
| 13.A.talk | B.guess | C.tell | D.predict |
| 14.A.noticed | B.remembered | C.imagined | D.doubted |
| 15.A.deeply | B.well | C.ahead | D.closely |
| 16.A.task | B.event | C.sport | D.show |
| 17.A.boring | B.difficult | C.enjoyable | D.unsatisfactory |
| 18.A.talent | B.quality | C.nature | D.condition |
| 19.A.challenge | B.advantage | C.favor | D.program |
| 20.A.examine | B.express | C.trust | D.open |
| 21.A.fearful | B.harmful | C.unfair | D.inconvenient |
| 22.A.to | B.on | C.off | D.against |
| 23.A.greeted | B.paid | C.served | D.treated |
| 24.A.pains | B.problems | C.injuries | D.feeling |
| 25.A.negative | B.friendly | C.positive | D.careful |
| 26 A.never | B.sometimes | C.often | D.just |
| 27.A.prize | B.range | C.view | D.goal |
| 28.A.until | B.when | C.as | D.before |
| 29.A.proud | B.tired | C.ashamed | D.confident |
| 30.A.plan | B.love | C.advice | D.duty. |
| A. | when | B. | while | C. | before | D. | until |
| A. | marry | B. | many | C. | apply | D. | separate |
| A. | built | B. | being built | C. | to built | D. | building |
-Absolutely not.I think it is just on the rise.( )
| A. | appeal | B. | oppose | C. | subscribe | D. | respond |