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How Women Were Freed From Their Homes

¡¡¡¡As late as 1800, a woman's only place was in her home£®Women in business were unheard of£®No respectable woman would dream of entering what was strictly a ¡°man's world¡±£®Even if she would, what could she do? Men were sure that no woman could do a job well outside her home£®This was a widely accepted idea£®When the famous Bronte sisters began writing books in 1846, they had to resort to using men's names as aliases£®(»¯Ãû)

¡¡¡¡Teaching was the first profession opened to women, soon after 1800£®But even that was not easy for women to take because most high schools and colleges were open only to men£®Oberlin College in Ohio was the first college in America to take in women£®

¡¡¡¡Nursing was regarded as a respectable profession for women only after Florence Nightingale won high credit for her nursing career and became famous£®Miss Nightingale opened the first training school for nursing in 1860 in England£®

¡¡¡¡The invention of typewriters in 1867 helped to bring women out of their homes to join the business world£®Because women are careful and have nimble fingers, businessmen found that they were well suited to this kind of work£®

¡¡¡¡By 1890, tens of thousands of women were working in schools, hospitals, shops, offices, and factories both in England and the States£®Some even managed to become doctors or lawyers£®The idea of women working in business and other circles was accepted£®

(1)

Oberlin College was the first college in America ________£®

[¡¡¡¡]

A£®

where teaching was a profession only open to women

B£®

where girls could get advanced education

C£®

to train women to be teachers and nurses

D£®

to accept women only as professors and students

(2)

It can be inferred from the text that besides nursing, Florence Nightingale was also ________£®

[¡¡¡¡]

A£®

a doctor

B£®

a lawyer

C£®

a teacher

D£®

a businessman

(3)

Quite a lot of women entered the business world ________

[¡¡¡¡]

A£®

soon after 1800

B£®

when Nightingale became famous

C£®

at the beginning of this century

D£®

after the typewriter came into being

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Nelson Mandela

¡¡¡¡Nelson Mandela is one of the great political leaders of our time£®His lifelong efforts to the fight against racial(ÖÖ×å)oppression(ѹÆÈ)in his country won him the admiration(ÇÕĽ)of millions worldwide, as well as the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize£®As the leader of South Africa¡¯s anti-partheid(·´ÖÖ×å¸ôÀë)movement, Mandela was a key player in helping to move his country toward multiracial government(¶àÃñ×åÕþ¸®)and majority rule£®

¡¡¡¡Mandela¡¯s long, hard struggle is a victory of dignity(×ðÑÏ)and hope£®He¡¯s a man of true courage£®If determination and patience were considered talents, Mandela would win hands down in any sort of competition£®

¡¡¡¡accomplishments(³É¾Í)& fame(ÃûÓþ)

¡¡¡¡Nelson Mandela¡¯s greatest accomplishments were his role in ending apartheid, and becoming South Africa¡¯s first elected black president£®He has been the recipient(ÊÕ¼þÈË)of dozens upon dozens of awards, prizes and honors from countless associations and organizations, but perhaps none more prestigious(ÉùÍûºÜ¸ß)than the Nobel Peace Prize, which he shared with former South African President Frederik W£®de Klerk, in 1993£®

¡¡¡¡He has been awarded several other major peace prizes, such as the UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)Peace Prize in 1991(also shared with F£®W£®de Klerk); the Africa Peace Award in 1995 and the International Gandhi Peace Prize in 2002£®

¡¡¡¡Mr£®Mandela also received dozens of honorary degrees(ÃûÓþѧλ)from universities the world over, including the Universities of Bristol, Cambridge, Glasgow, London, Nottingham, and Oxford, as well as an Honorary Doctorate from the Sorbonne University in Paris(all in July 1996), and Harvard Business School¡¯s Statesman of the Year Award in 1995£­to name but a few£®He has also been presented(ÔùËÍ)with the key to cities such as Rome, Rio de Janeiro, London, Dublin, and Sydney, Australia(where he became the first person ever to receive the Freedom of that city)£®In July of 2002, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States highest civilian(¹«Ãñ)award£®

¡¡¡¡Model

¡¡¡¡There¡¯s something admirable about having been a leader fighting for a people¡¯s freedom and equality in an unjust society£®Mandela has become a worldwide symbol(¿¬Ä£)of the struggle of the oppressed(±»Ñ¹ÆÈÕß)over the oppressor£®He has been celebrated in song by artists the world over, in many different languages£®One entitled ¡°Nelson Mandela¡±was recorded by British 2-Tone group The Special A£®K£®A(formerly The Specials); making the top 10 in the UK and a few other European nations in 1984£®

¡¡¡¡Personal style

¡¡¡¡As a president, Mandela sported the typical garb(·þÊÎ)of high-ranking government officials£º expensive, well-tailored(·ìÖÆ¾«ÖµÄ)suits£®Now retired(ÍËÒÛ)from public life, Mandela the elder statesman dresses in an ordinary way£®

¡¡¡¡He attends many activities, often where he is the guest of honor, in bright, colorfully patterned(µäÐ͵Ä)traditional African robes(³¤ÅÛ)or shirts all the better for getting down when the music begins£®

(1)

Mandel was not only admired(ÇÕĽ)for his long fight against ________but also for ________£®

(2)

How many peaceful prize has Mandela got?He has got________ in 1991, ________in 1995 and ________ in 2002£®

(3)

Mandela is a man full of ________and his greatest success was to play a part in getting rid of ________ and to be elected ________£®

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How to become a Good Santa

¡¡¡¡There are good Santas and there are bad Santas£®The good Santas all realize one thing£ºIn the mind of a child, Santa Claus is perfect£®

¡¡¡¡That's difficult£®And so they come from around the world to attend the Charles W£®Howard School in Midland, Mich£®The school offers a three-day, 40-hour course for Santas hoping to be excellent£®There's a real range to what Santas earn, from big bucks for large events to no pay for charities£®One thing for them all is a pure love for children£®

¡¡¡¡A former Macy's Santa named Charles Howard founded the Michigan school in 1937£®¡°Many people will think if you have a suit and you're a Santa,¡± said Tom Valent, the school's current dean£®¡°It's more than that£®¡± So with a pet reindeer(ѱ¹), his properly named wife Holly and a workshop full of wonder£®

¡¡¡¡The school teaches everything from breathing techniques for carol singing to the beard maintenance£®There are lessons in child psychology, sign language and even media training for talk-show appearances and call-in shows£®Santas also need to make sure they know all the names of the reindeer£®What's harder to deal with, however, is children who ask for Christmas gifts like bringing daddy home or making mommy happy again£®

¡¡¡¡After spending time in the classroom, Weir went to the mall to test his training£®However, at one point, his hat fell off, and he was unsure how to react£®¡°You're the real Santa,¡± Valent said£®¡°Pick that hat up, slip it back on, keep smiling and do your job£®You've got to stay on top of your game£®Even the last one at night, when you're tired, you've got to remember£ºThis one's forever, so do a good job£®¡±

(1)

According to the passage, good Santas should be the ones that ________£®

[¡¡¡¡]

A£®

can offer the children some gifts

B£®

help adults look after their children

C£®

have ability to make children happy

D£®

should be perfect in the mind of children

(2)

The underlined words ¡°big bucks¡± should refer to ________£®

[¡¡¡¡]

A£®

lots of money

B£®

many gifts

C£®

loves for children

D£®

gifts from children

(3)

The Michigan school was founded by Charles Howard with the purpose to ________£®

[¡¡¡¡]

A£®

train the pet reindeer for the Santas

B£®

earned money from its students

C£®

train perfect Santas for the world

D£®

show the world's concern to the poor

(4)

According to Weir's performance, we can conclude that ________£®

[¡¡¡¡]

A£®

Weir was short of experience

B£®

Weir was not fit for the job as a Santa

C£®

Weir did very badly in the game

D£®

Weir was not a good student in school

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Imagine you¡¯re at a party full of strangers. You¡¯re nervous. Who are these people? How do you start a conversation? Fortunately, you¡¯ve got a thing that sends out energy at tiny chips in everyone¡¯s name tag (±êÇ©). The chips send back name, job, hobbies, and the time available for meeting-whatever. Making new friends becomes simple

This hasn¡¯t quite happened in real life. But the world is already experiencing a revolution using RFID technology.

An RFID tag with a tiny chip can be fixed in a product, under your pet¡¯s skin, even under your own skin. Passive RFID tags have no energy source-batteries because they do not need it. The energy comes from the reader, a scanning device, that sends out energy (for example, radio waves) that starts up the tag immediately.

Such a tag carries information specific to that object, and the data can be updated. Already, RFID technology is used for recognizing each car or truck on the road and it might appear in your passport. Doctors can put a tiny chip under the skin that will help locate and obtain a patient¡¯s medical records. At a nightclub in Paris or in New York the same chip gets you into the VIP (very important person) section and pays for the bill with the wave of an arm.

Take a step back:10 or 12 years ago,you would have heard about the coming age of computing. One example always seemed to surface: Your refrigerator would know when you needed to buy more milk. The concept was that computer chips could be put everywhere and send information in a smart network that would make ordinary life simpler

RFID tags are a small part of this phenomenon. ¡°The world is going to be a loosely coupled set of individual small devices, connected wirelessly,¡± predicts Dr.J.Reich. Human right supporters are nervous about the possibilities of such technology. It goes too far tracking school kids through RFID tags, they say. We imagine a world in which a beer company could find out not only when you bought a beer but also when you drank it. And how many beers. Accompanied by how many biscuits. w*w*When Marconi invented radio, he thought it would be used for ship-to-shore communication. Not for pop music. Who knows how RFID and related technologies will be used in the future. Here¡¯s a wild guess: Not for buying milk.

1. The article is intended to______.  

A. warn people of the possible risks in adopting RFID technology

B. explain the benefits brought about by RFID technology

C. convince people of the uses of RFID technology

D. predict the applications of RFID technology

2. We know from the passage that with the help of RFID tags, people        .

A. will have no trouble getting data about others

B. will have more energy for conversation

C. will have more time to make friends

D. won¡¯t feel shy at parties any longer

3. Passive RFID tags chiefly consist of        .

A. scanning devices          B. radio waves   C. batteries                  D. chips

4. Why are some people worried about RFID technology?

A. Because children will be tracked by strangers.

B. Because market competition will become more fierce.

C. Because their private lives will be greatly affected.

D. Because customers will be forced to buy more products.

5. The last paragraph implies that RFID technology        .

A. will not be used for such matters as buying milk

B. will be widely used, including for buying milk

C. will be limited to communication uses

D. will probably be used for pop music


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A teenager says he convinced the White House that he was Iceland¡¯ s president and managed to schedule a call with George W.Bush , but was found out before he got to talk to the US president.
¡°My call was transferred around a few times until I got hold of Bush¡¯s secretary and managed to book a call meeting with Bush the following Monday evening ,¡± Vifill Atlaso, 16, told Reuters.
Several Icelandic police turned up at his door two days later---the day of the planned call---and took him in for questioning.
¡°They told me the CIA had called the National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police and asked if the police could try and find out where I received that phone number from,¡± said Atlason.
The teenager said he was unable to recall where he had discovered the telephone number of the White House.
¡°I know I¡¯v had it on my phone card for at least four years now and that an Icelandic friend gave it to me, but I don¡¯t remember who,¡±he said.
At a White House news conference on Monday, Bush¡¯s spokeswoman Dana Perino said her understanding was that Atlason had called a public line ¡°that anybody can call¡±, according to a transcript(¼Ç¼).
Jon Buartmarz, Chief Superintendent at Iceland¡¯s national police headquarters, said Icelandic police had not spoken to their US counterparts about the matter. He declinced(¾Ü¾ø) to say how police were tipped off (ͨ¸æ) about Atlason¡¯s call.
¡°As far as we¡¯re concerned, there will not be any further investigation, and I don¡¯t know if the American government is taking any action because of this,¡±he said.
1.According to the passage, when did Atlason call the White House ?
A.On Friday      B. On Saturday     C. On Sunday    D. On Monday
2.What does the underlined ¡°it ¡±refer to ?
A.The telephone number of the White House.
B.The telephone number of his friend.
C.A White House news conference .
D.CIA
3.How did Atlason get the telephone number of the White House ?
A.From a newspaper   
B.From Bush¡¯s secertary
C.From an Icelandic friend  
D.By calling the National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police.
4.What is the main idea of the article ?
A.An Icelandic teenager tricks the the White House
B.CIA found out the truth of a trick.
C.A teenager pretended to be the Icelandic president.
D.The telephone number of the Whiite House is known by public.

Our boat floated on between walls of forest. It was too thick for us to get a view of the land we were passing through, though we knew from the map that our river must be passing through chains of hills from time to time. Nowhere did we find a place where we could have landed: although the jungle did not actually spread right down into the river, banks of soft mud prevented us from going ashore. In any case, what would we have gained by landing? The country was full of snakes and other dangerous creatures and the jungle was so thick that one would be able to advance slowly, cutting one's way with knives the whole way. So we stayed in the boat, hoping that when we reached the sea, a friendly fisherman would pick us up and take us to civilization.

As for water, there was a choice. We could drink the muddy river water, or die of thirst. We drank the water. Men who have just escaped from what appeared to be certain death lost all worries about such small things as diseases caused by dirty water. In fact, none of us suffered from any illness as a result.

One day we passed another village, but fortunately nobody saw us. We did not wish to risk being taken prisoners a second time: we might not be so lucky as to escape in a stolen boat again.

1.What they could see on the boat was only___ .

A. high walls         B. chains of hills  C. heavy woods D. vast land

2.They couldn't land because_______ .

A. the mud on the shore was too soft      B. they could not find anyone

C. they could not find the mark on the map D. the forest was too thick to go through

3.From the passage, we can learn that_____ .

A. they were in an uninhabited area       B. they were on a journey home happily

C. the country was a civilized society    D. the country was a tropical jungle coutry

4.The best title for this passage might he______

A. I he Problem of Landing                B. Escape in the Jungle

C. An Entirely New Experience            D. Exploration of a River

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18¡¾ÌâÎÄ¡¿If you travel to a new exhibition at the San Francisco Conservatory of Flowers, you will have chances to see some meat-eating plants. Take bladderworts, a kind of such plant, for example. They appear so small and grow in a quiet pond. "But these are the fastest known killers of the plant kingdom, able to capture a small insect in 1/50 of a second using a trap door!"

Once the trap door closes on the victim, the enzymes (ø£©similar to those in the human stomach slowly digest the insert. When dinner is over, the plant opens the trap door and is ready to trap again.

Meat-eating plants grow mostly in wet areas with soil that doesn't offer much food nutrition. In such conditions, these amazing plants have developed insect traps to get their nutritional needs over thousands of years. North America has more such plants than any other continents.

Generally speaking, the traps may have attractive appearance to fool the eye, like pitcher plants, which get their name because they look like beautiful pitchers full of nectar (»¨ÃÛ).

Hair-like growths along the pitcher walls ensure that nothing can escape, and the digestive enzymes can get to work. A tiny insect can be digested in a few hours, but a fly takes a couple of days.

Some of these pitchers are large enough to hold 7.5 liters. Meat-eating plants only eat people in science fiction movies, but sometimes a bird or other small animals will discover that a pitcher plant isn't a good place to get a drink.

9.From Paragraph 1£¬we learn that bladderworts can__ .

A. kill an insect in a second         B. digest a fly in a few hours

C. be found floating on a quiet lake  D. capture an insect in 1/50 of a second

10.If the trap door of a meat-eating plant is closed, the plant is

A. fooling insects into taking a sip  B. producing nectar

C. tempting insects to come close     D. enjoying a dinner

11.Meat-eating plants can grow in wet and poor soil because they    .

A. can get nutrition from animals     B. don't need much food nutrition

C. can make the most of such conditions    D. have developed digestive enzymes

12.What can be captured by meat-eating plants for food?

A. A child. B. A dog.   C. A little bird.   D. A little fish.

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19¡¾ÌâÎÄ¡¿You know Australia is a big country, but you may not know how easy it is to get around. The untouched beaches that go for miles and deserts that touch the horizon are just there, waiting to be reached and explored. The following are the different ways you can explore our vast country.

Getting around Australia

Air

Flying is the best way to cover large distances in a short time. You can spend more time on the Australia's can't-miss landscapes and relaxing lifestyle. Moreover, competition among airlines makes great flying fees available for you.

Drive

Australia has a vast network of well-maintained roads and some of the most beautiful touring routes in the world. You have no difficulty finding car rental companies at major airports, central city locations, suburbs and attractions.

Bus

Bus travel in Australia is comfortable , easy and economical. Buses generally have air conditioning, reading lights, adjustable seats and videos. Services are frequent, affordable and efficient.

Rail

Train travel is the cheapest and gives you an insight into Australia's size and variety, all from the comfort of your carriage. Scheduled services are a great way to get quickly between our cities and regional centers.

Ferry (ÂÖ¶É£©

The Spirit of Tasmania runs a passenger and vehicle ferry service between Melbourne and Tasmania nightly. Extra sen ices are running during summer rush hours. Sea-link ferries connect South Australia and Kangaroo Island several times a day. Ferries connect suburbs in our capital cities.

Walk

With easy-on-the-feet pedestrian.(ÐÐÈË)streets, walking is a great way to get around our cities.

Besides all the above, you can also experience some of the longest: tracks and trails in the world in central Australia¡ª¡ªimpressive journeys of a thousand kilometers or more that can take several weeks to complete.

17.The underlined word "untouched" in Paragraph 1 means__ .

A. secure         B. special          C. natural          D. artificial

18.Which of the following is true about travelling in Australia?

A.   You can easily rent a car to explore its beautiful touring routes.

B.  More travellers make the flying fees among airlines higher than before.

C.  Taking a bus tour is the most comfortable, economical and efficient way.

D.  Train services can offer you more comfort than any other means of transport,

19.Ferry service between Melbourne and Tasmania usually runs_ •

A. several times a day                B. only at night hours

C. between different cities           D. only during rush hours

20.From the passage, we know that_____ .

E.   travelling in central Australia is time-consuming

F.   central Australia has the world's shortest railway line

G.  pedestrian walking is a great way to travel between cities

H.  you have no choice but to walk over 1,000 kilometers in central Australia

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20¡¾ÌâÎÄ¡¿BUKHANNON, West Virginia~~Two rescue teams slowly moved along a two¡ªmile path on Monday night to the site of a coal mine explosion that trapped 13 miners, who had not been heard from since the early morning accident.

Meanwhile, at a nearby church, more than 250 family members and friends gathered, waiting for updates on the rescuers' progress.

The miners were trapped at about .6:30 and many families weren't informed of the accident until about 10 a.m.~~more than three hours after it happened. "It's very upsetting, but you've got to be patient, I guess," said John Helms, whose brother, Terry, was trapped in the mine.

The trapped miners were about 260 fee underground and about 10,000 feet from the Sago Mine's entrance, said Roger Nicholson, a lawyer from International Coal Group.

At a late night news conference, Nicholson said one team had advanced about 4, 800 feet in the four hours since entering the mine just before 6 p.m. Another team entered the mine about 30 minutes later.

He said the crew was very experienced, with some members having worked underground for 30 to 35 years. The miners were equipped with al>out one hour of breathable oxygen each. The company has not released the names of the miners.

The teams test the air about every 500 feet, and have to disconnect the power to the phones they use to communicate with the surface before doing that. "We don't want to be electrifying anything if it's in an atmospfiere with hurnahle gases," Kips said.

The cause of the explosion was not immediately known. High levels of carbon monoxide ( Ò»Ñõ»¯Îï) were discovered shortly after the explosion, which delayed rescue efforts, but those levels have weakened since then, authorities said.

25.According to the passage, we ran infer that_ .

I.     communication with the trapped miners was cut off

J.    the rescue started as soon as the accident happened

K.  the two rescue teams entered the mine at the same time

L.   all the miners who were trapped underground were still alive

26.If the first team advanced at an average speed, they could dig about______per hour.

A. 1,000 feet         B. 1,200 feet       C. 2,400 feet       D. 4,800 feet

27.Where ran the passage he seen?

A. Iii a magazine.    B. In a science hook. C. On an advertisement. D. In a newspaper.

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You wake up in the morning, the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time. Then the telephone rings, you say hello, and the drama starts. The person on tbe other end has a depressing tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to. Are you still in a wonderful mood? Impossible!

Communieating with negative people can wash out your happiness. It may not change what you think, but communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time.

Life brings ups and downs, but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer. They only feel glad when they make others feel bad. No wonder they can hardly win others' pity or respect.

When you communicate with positive people, your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attracted. When the knife of a negative person is put in you, you have the heavy feeling that, all in all, brings you down.

Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate with negative people. This could be a co-worker, or a relative. In this case, say what needs to be said as little as possible. Sometimes it feels good to let out your anger back to the negative person, but this is to lower you to that same negative level and they won't feel ashamed of themselves about that.

Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized. The negative words of others at the start of the day can be attached to you throughout the rest of your day, which makes you feel bad and steals your happiness. Life is too short to feel negative. Stay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible.

31. Which of the following shows the position where the miners were trapped? (E: entrance P: position where the miners were trapped)

32.The purpose of Paragraph 1 is to____ .

A. make a comparison                  B. introduce a topic

C. offer an instructive story         D. tell a true story

33.How can negative people have effect on us?

A. By influencing our emotion.        B. By telling us the nature of life.

C. By changing our way of thinking.   D. By comparing their attitude to life with ours.

34.Some negative people base their happiness on ¡ª.

A. their pity for other people        B. their respect for others '

C. building up a positive attitude    D. making other people unhappy 35.According to the passage, to reduce negative people's influence on us, we are advised.

A.  to change negative people's attitude to life

B.  to show our dissatisfaction to negative people

C.  to make negative people feel as hamed of themselves

D.  to communicate with negative people as little as possible

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M = Mike       W = Wendy

.M: I'd like to 41.d_ something with you. Do you have a minute?       42. ______

W: Sure. I just got off my eleven o'clock class. I don't have another class until this afternoon.

M: Good, listen! I've just 43.r ¡® an e-mail from the computer center. They are                     44. ______

looking for students to help with the work of the school website this summer.

They need two 45.a____ to help with the project. They asked me if I knew                46. ______

any qualified students who might be 47.i  in it. I thought you might like           48. ______

to have a 49.t___ .                                                                                                         50. ______

W: 51.S______ interesting, but my knowledge of computers is         52.______

53.p______ limited.                                                54. ______ ¡ª

M: Well, I don't think any 55.s experience or knowledge is necessary.   56. ______

And with your interest in computers and the Internet, I think you would be good

for the job. 57.B___ , they are paying good money. What do you think?                       58.______.

W: It seems like a great 59. c______to get some experience. Thanks for thinking                   60. ______

of me!

 

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