Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist- Robert Hooke was all there and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, h 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

     Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist… Robert Hooke was all there and more.
Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he
cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect, Christopher Wren.
     Hooke's early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster
School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best
scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing
instruments. In 1662, at he age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal
Society of London- meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating(展示) new experiments at the
society's weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money
to pay him!
     Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favourite pastimes(消遣). He invented a
compound microscope(显微镜) for this purpose. One day while observing a cork(软木塞) under a
microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures. There were cells -the smallest units of life. In fact, it was
Hooke who invented the term "cell" as the boxlike cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a
monastery(修道院).
     Another achievement of Hooke's was his book Micrographia, which introduced the enormous
potential(潜力) of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the thing he saw under the
microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion(燃烧)
that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these
phenomena(现象).
     Hooke made valuable contributions to astronomy too. A crater(火山口) on the moon is named after
him in honour of his services to this branch of science.

1. We can infer from paragraph 2 that Hooke is ____________.

A. friendly
B. sociable
C. creative
D. helpful

2. Which is the possible reason why Hooke accepted the job as Curator of Experiments?

A. He liked designing experiments.
B. His family needed his support.
C. He wanted to please the famous scientists in England.
D. His parents couldn't afford his education.

3. The cell got its name because of __________.

A. its use
B. its shape
C. Hooke's favourites
D. Hooke's experiences

4. Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. Hooke went to Oxford in 1645.
B. Hooke was well paid in the Royal Society of London.
C. Hooke made a contribution to medicine.
D. Hooke's book Micrographia may have helped Newton.

5. The last paragraph is to prove that _____________.

A. Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century
B. Hooke was good at making discoveries
C. Hooke's contributions were not limited to one field
D. Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers

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Dear Xiaohua:
I’m very glad to receive your letter. From your letter, I know you have shown 【小题1】  great interest in inventing new things. That’s great. As for how to be an inventor, there is no quick answer to   【小题2】  .
Coming from different cultures and having different backgrounds, inventors do not seem to have much   【小题3】  common. But creative thinking,   【小题4】  is greatly valued, is perhaps the basic skill an inventor should have. In order to explore new possibilities, you will have to learn to break   【小题5】 from old thought patterns. When you get stuck, try to look at the problem in   【小题6】 many ways as possible. Each new   【小题7】may improve your understanding.
More importantly, always keep it in your mind 【小题8】  success is no accident. It is the result of a long process of trial and error. Above all, the main task for you is to study hard and try to learn more knowledge. This, of course, will lay a solid foundation.
Hope your future invention will make a difference.
Good luck.
Yours,
Wang Li

For a writer, there is hardly any greater honor than winning the Nobel Prize for literature.
And for a woman writer, claiming the prize is even harder, for only eight women once won it. Austria’s Elfriede Jelinek is the ninth and the first since 1996.
The Stockholm-based Swedish Academy announced last Thursday that Jelinek won this year’s Nobel Prize in literature. She is recognized for her socially critical(批判的) novels and plays.
Jelinek, 57, made her literary debut (初次露面) in 1967. She has written plays, novels and poetry. She is best known for her autobiographical 1983 novel “The Piano Teacher”, made into a movie in 2001.
The basic theme of her work is the inability of women to live as people beyond the roles and personalities traditionally expected of them. Her characters struggle to lead lives not normally acceptable in society. “The nature of Jelinek’s texts is often hard to define. They shift between prose(散文) and poetry and songs, they contain theatrical scenes and film script,” said the academy.
The Nobel Prize was founded by Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. Nobel died in 1896 and left his fortune of about US $920 million to a fund to honor people who have helped other human beings. This year each prize is worth US $13 million.
【小题1】 The underlined word “them” in the last second paragraph refers to _______.

【小题2】Elfrede Jelinek won the Nobel Prize just because _______.

A．she was an Austrian woman writer

B．she wrote socially critical novels and plays

C．her novel “The Piano Teacher” was made into a movie

D．the nature of her texts is hard to define.

【小题3】 Which of the following about the Nobel Prize is TRUE?

A．It is harder for a woman writer to win than a man writer.

B．The total prize every year was $920 million.

C．Women writers were not awarded until 1996.

D．Only eight women writers won the prize since 1996.

【小题4】This passage is most likely taken from _______.

Some of the world’s most famous persons had suffered from a similar disability, such as Albert Einstein, the mathematician; Thomas Edison, the inventor; Auguste Rodin, the artist. What disabled these three famous men? Strange as it may seem, they all suffered from learning disabilities. They had great difficulty learning to read, write or use numbers. Almost always, there is a problem with one of the mental processes needed to understand or use written signs or spoken language. Yet he or she is unable to recognize difference in sizes, shapes or sounds that are easy for others to recognize. Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.

Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.

You can not look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward （外部的） signs of disorder （混乱）. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong. In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person’s brain, however, these cells were gray . The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.

60. How can we learn whether a person has suffered from a learning disability or not?

A. By judging whether she or he sees or hears perfectly well.

B. By checking whether he or she is of normal or great intelligence.

C. By judging whether he or she is the world’s most famous person or not.

D. By judging whether he or she has any difficulty in recognizing the difference in sizes, shapes or sounds.

61. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Among the children suffering from learning disabilities, girls are fewer than boys.

B. It is reported that many more girls have learning disabilities than boys.

C. All the world’s most famous persons have the chance to get the similar disorder.

D. All the world’s most famous persons have suffered from learning disabilities.

62. Why did researchers examine the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident?

A. To try to look at the brain itself to find out the cause of learning disabilities.

B. To see if the person had any outward signs of disorder.

C. To check if the person is of normal or great intelligence.

D. To find out if the person suffered from a learning disability.

63. If someone has a learning disability, _______.

A. his or her nerve cells are in a line

B. he or she is able to recognize difference in sizes, shapes or sounds

C. he or she has no difficulty in learning to read, write or use numbers

D. his or her nerve cells in the left side of the brain are gray and are not in a line

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

In one way of thinking, failure is a part of life. In another way, failure may be a way towards success. The “spider story’’ often told, Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in the 13 th century, was hiding in a cave from the English. He watched a spider spinning a web. The spider tried to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times without success. On the seventh time he made it and went to spin his web. Bruce is said to have taken heart and to have gone on to defeat the English. Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, made hundreds of models that failed before he found the right way to make one. Abraham Lincoln, the famous American president, lost elections more times than he won them! He never gave up in the face of failure but kept trying and was eventually elected to Congress and then the presidency.

So what? First, always think about your failure. What caused it? Were conditions right? Were you in top from yourself? What can you change so things will go right next time?

Second, is the goal you’re trying to reach the right one? Try to do some thinking about what your real goals may be. Think about this question. “If I do succeed this time, where will it get me?’’ This may help you prevent failure in things you shouldn’t be doing anyway.

The third thing to bear in mind about failure is that it’s part of life. Learn to “live with yourself” even though you may have failed. Remember, “You can’t win them all.”

【写作内容】

1、概括短文的内容要点，该部分字数大约30词左右；

2、以“Is Failure a Bad Thing”为题写一篇文章，包含以下内容要点，该部分的字数大约120词左右。

⑴失败是生活中的常事

⑵人们对失败所持的不同态度

⑶你对失败的认识

【写作要求】

1、可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的观点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子

2、作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

It is said in the book that Tomas Edison （1847-1931） _______ the world leading inventor for thirty years．

A．would be B．has been

C．was D．had been

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