题目内容
Libraries everywhere in the world have always been people’s only access to important sources of information. This historical function of libraries has worked out for centuries and has made libraries a necessity to people. Now, that function has been called into question by the fast development of digital media over the past several decades. In order to continue to hold the public interest, libraries everywhere are forced to develop means of granting access to these expensive new services to average people.
In the past, the publishing industry maintained the rights of libraries to freely provide published materials on the condition that libraries bought so many of their books. Since the new electronic publications can easily be copied in their completeness by the library readers, the publishing industry is reconsidering its former support of the library system. There have even been attempts to stop libraries from delivering digital media.
In addition to the reluctant cooperation of the publishing industry, there is the problem that the newer forms of information are much more specialized than those which they replace. Deciding how to transfer already limited resources is increasingly difficult as there are more methods. While a single reference index(索引) might have covered an entire field in the past, now there are frequently several specialized indexes available in electronic form. Above all, in order to continue to make use of the newer technology, libraries must decide which kinds of material are most useful to the majority of their readers. There are many different solutions being applied, but only the process of trial and error will help find out the most effective method.
（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 20 WORDS）
1. What has been called into question?
2. In the past, publishers cooperate with libraries because ______________.
3. The most important way to use the new technology is to determine ________
4. According to the passage, how can best solutions be found?
【解析】略
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Eight years ago, my wife and I created the Wish You Well Foundation. Since its start, we’ve funded literacy(读写能力)programs in more than 30 states. We’ve heard unbelievable stories of determination and perseverance(毅力). In Pittsburgh, I met a 30-year-old man who tearfully related how he’d finally learned to read so he could help support his family. In Connecticut, a woman shared her story of finally learning how to read at 50 so she could be able to read to her grandchildren. Reading to oneself is modern activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become popular.
One should be careful, however, of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction（分散注意力）to others. Examination of reasons connected with the historical development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century saw a gradual increase in literacy（读写能力）and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of listeners dropped, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the popularity of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, trains and offices, where reading aloud would disturb other readers in a way.
Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its advantages, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.
By the end of the century students were being advised to have some new ideas of books and to use skill in reading them which were not proper, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological developments in the century had greatly changed what the term “reading” referred to.
1.Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?
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A．Because silent reading had not been discovered. |
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B．Because few people could read for themselves. |
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C．Because there were few places for private reading. |
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D．Because people depended on reading for enjoyment. |
2.The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century showed .
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A．a change in the nature of reading |
B．a change in the position of literate people |
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C．an increase in the number of books |
D．an increase in the average age of readers |
3. Educations are still arguing about .
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A．the amount of information provided by books and newspapers |
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B．the importance of silent reading |
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C．the value of different types of reading material |
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D．the effects of reading on health |
4.What is the writer of this passage attempting to do?
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A．To show how reading methods have improved. |
B．To encourage the growth of reading. |
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C．To change people’s way to read. |
D．To explain how present-day reading habits developed. |