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     Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流
行病) of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to," says Dr David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
     The beginning of our sleepdeficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century
ago.From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have
reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits
once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By
the 1950s and 1960s,the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and
most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat in their sleep,and they don't even realize they're
doing it," says Dr David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really
need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally energetic."
     Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researches say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work , family, friends and community increase , many people consider sleep the least
expensive item on their programme."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you need only
5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
     To determine the consequences of sleepdeficit , researchers have put subjects  through a set  of
psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a
passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleepdeficit,performance suffers,"
says Dr David."Shortterm memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
1．What is the main topic of the passage?
A．Research on the causes and consequences of sleepdeficit.
B．The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times.
C．The history of people's sleeping patterns.
D．The minimum of our sleeping hours.
2．Which of the following is Dr David's opinion?
A．People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don't.
B．Some people can remain energetic with only 6.5 hours'sleep a night.
C．If they get 18.5 hours'sleep,people will be full of drive and ambition.
D．People's metal power suffers if they are lacking in sleep.
3．People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5 hours a night because________.
A．they were forced by their parents to do so
B．they knew what was best for their health
C．they had no electricity
D．they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are
4．The major cause of sleepdeficit of modern people is________.
A．the endless TV programmes in the evenings and the Internet
B．the pressures of the day
C．the sufficient energy modern people usually have
D．loud noises in modern cities
5．What does the word "subjects" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Persons or things being discussed or described.
B．Branches of knowledge studied in a school.
C．Persons or things being treated in a certain way or being experimented on.
D．Any member of a state apart from the supreme ruler.
1-5.ADCBC
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     You probably know that you can lose weight by limiting certain foods. But if you're
an emotional eater, you'll still turn to food if you don't deal with your feelings.
     Basically, emotional eating is eating for reasons other than hunger.In other words, rather
than reach for food because your body needs it, you are addicted because your emotions
need to be satisfied. Instead of the gradual urge you get when you're physically hungry,
emotional eating strikes you suddenly.Instead of filling the emotional empty space with
healthy choices, emotional eaters use food for comfort, ice cream or chocolate for women
and steak and French fries for men.
     Besides blowing up your stomach, emotional eating does harm to your mind. When
you eat for physical reasons you don't feel guilty.But when you grab for food when you're
not even hungry, just because you're feeding your emotions, you feel guilty afterward.
     A good rule of thumb when you're lured(诱惑)into emotional eating is to remember
to HALT.
     "H" is for hungry-Sometimes you can feel physical hunger when you're on the point
of an emotional eating.But rather than reaching for those comfort foods loaded with fats,
and sugar, make better choices such as proteins, fruits and vegetables.
     "A" is for anxious-It's easy to fall into emotional eating when you're worried and tense.
Rather than turning to food, do whatever work to calm your nerves.Call a friend, pray, or
keep a record of your feelings.Just don't reach into the fridge.
     "L" is for lonely-Too often emotional eaters use food for companionship.Instead of
comforting yourself with food, join a group of caring people who understand your problem.
Twelvestep groups such as Overeaters Anonymous are excellent for connecting with
others who struggle with you the same food addictions as you do.Not only will you receive
tools for recovery, but you'll also realize you're not alone.
     "T" is for tired-When exhausted, either physically or emotionally, emotional eaters turn
to food. Instead, get some rest or eat something good for you.
     Most importantly, find out the reason(s) why you overeat.It's not so much what you
eat, but what's eating you.Unless you get to the root of why you overeat you won't
conquer your food addiction.
                                                     Emotional Eating
1.________         ★Eating for emotional reasons other than hunger
Symptoms
    ★Reaching for food not because of physical needs, but because of 2._______
★Getting struck suddenly instead of the gradual urge from hunger
          ★Turning to 3.________like ice cream and chocolate, or steak and French fries
4.________
★ Blowing up your stomach
                 ★ Making you 5.________ afterward
Possible
causes
★Feeling physically hungry
★Being worried and tense
★6.________
                      ★Being exhausted
Suggestions
★Turn to healthy foods with little 7.________.
        ★Call a friend, pray, or write down your feelings to 8.________.
             ★Join groups of caring people or connect yourself with people
9.________the same problem with you.
★Get more rest.
                 ★Above all, find out the reasons for 10.________.
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     Every year in the United States about 200 000 people are hospitalized and 36 000 die from the flu.
While colds won't kill you, they can weaken your immune(免疫的)system. We can't promise you'll
never get hit with another cold or suffer the flu, but you can increase your probability of staying well in
these ways.
     Wash your hands often. The Naval Health Research Center conducted a study of 40 000 people
who were ordered to wash their hands five times a day. These people cut their incidence of respiratory
(呼吸的) illnesses by 45 percent.
      Run your toothbrush through the microwave on high for 10 seconds to kill germs that can cause
colds and other illnesses. You think it gets your teeth clean- and it does.
      Get a flu shot every fall. The Centers for Disease Control recommends flu shots for anyone 50 years
old or older. Also, people who work or live with a high-risk person should       _ so they don't spread
the flu. Of course, anyone who just wants to avoid the flu should also get one.
       Stop blaming yourself when things go wrong at work. Believe it or not, blaming yourself makes
you more likely to catch a cold! At least, that's what researchers found when they studied more than
200 workers over three months. Researchers expect such attitudes make people more stressed on the
job, and stress, as you know, can challenge your immune system.
       Leave the windows in your house open a crack in winter. Not all of them, but one or two in the
rooms in which you spend the most time. A bit of fresh air will do wonders for chasing out germs.
1. What's the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)
                                                                                 
2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Although we can't make sure that you never get a cold or the flu, you can probably reduce the  chances
of catching a cold or the flu by using these ways.
                                                                              
3. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10
words.)
                                                                                 
4. What else can you suggest to avoid suffering the flu according to your own experience? Why?
( Please answer within 30 words.)
                                                                                
                                                                               
5. Translate the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph into Chinese.
                                                                               
A. A new pair of ears
B. An author and his research
C. Electronic everlastingness
D. Computers that speak
E. A new pair of eyes
F. Treatment for Parkinson's disease
1. _______
Medical scientists are already putting computer chips directly into the brain to help people with Parkinson's disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us? Ray Kurzweil is the author of the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world's best computer research
scientists. He is researching the possibilities.
2. _______
Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona, the virtual hostess of
Kurzweil's homepage, who is programmed to understand what you say. Visitors to the site can have their
own conversations with her, and Ramona also dances and sings.
3._______
Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a "seeing
machine". This will be "like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world", he explains.
Blind people will use a visual sensor which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensor will describe to the people everything it sees.
4._______
Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". This invention will recognize
millions of words and understand any speaker. This listening machine will also be able to translate into
other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it.
5._______
But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future, Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer. This technology probably
won't be ready for at least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our minds will be able to live forever.
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                                           Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress
     Everybody gets stressed time to time.  1    Some ways of dealing with stress -like screaming or hitting
someone一don't solve (解决),much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to
solving your problem or at least feeling better.
     Try taking these four steps. the next time you are stressed:
     (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk
     To "trusted adult, such as "parent or other relatives.   2    They might have had similar problems, such
as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.
     (2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on
themselves. Oh, dear, that's good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take
it out on yourself.    3    
    (3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and  friends, it's time
to get down to business.     4     Even if you can't solve it all,you can solve a piece of it.
    (4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away,
especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but
they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make
your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster.     5    

A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.
C. Different people feel stress in different ways
D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E. You need to figure out what the problem is.
F. And don't forget about your friends.
G. Then, find a way to calm down.
阅读理解。
     Starting the day on an egg could keep your blood pressure (血压) under control, research suggests.
Scientists have shown that eggs produce proteins with a function similar to that of powerful blood
pressurelowering drugs.
     The researchers, from the University of Alberta in Canada, showed that when eggs come in contact
with stomach enzymes (酶) they produce a protein that acts in the same way as ACE inhibitors, drugs
taken by millions around the world to lower blood pressure. Fried eggs proved particularly effective, but
more work is needed to show the effects outside a lab and in the human body.
     Earlier this month, British researchers declared that, contrary to popular beliefs, it is healthy to go to
work on an egg. They concluded that the type of cholesterol (胆固醇) found in eggs has little effect on
increasing heart disease risks.
     Researcher Professor Bruce Griffin, from the University of Surrey, said, "The wrong beliefs linking
egg eating to high blood cholesterol and heart disease must be corrected. The amount of fat in our diet
has an effect on blood cholesterol that is several times greater than the relatively small amount of
cholesterol found in eggs. The UK public do not need to limit the number of eggs they eat. They can be
encouraged to include them in a healthy diet as they are one of nature's most nutritious foods."
     The British Heart Foundation dropped its threeeggaweek limit in 2005.However,almost half of
Britons believe the limit still applies.
1. From the text we know that ACE inhibitors are________.
A. a kind of medicine      
B. a kind of protein
C .a kind of illness          
D. a kind of food
2. According to what Professor Bruce said , eggs________.
A. are the most nutritious food
B. have no effect on blood cholesterol
C. can be included in a healthy diet
D. are forbidden to be eaten in the UK
3. We can infer from the text that________.
A. drugs to lower blood pressure will be replaced by eating eggs
B. stomach enzymes mixed with eggs can cure heart diseases
C. most Britons agree the threeeggaweek limit should be dropped
D. about 50% of Britons think eating an egg a day is bad for their health
4. The text is meant________.
A. to introduce scientific findings about eggs
B. to introduce a medicine made from eggs
C. to tell people how to lower their blood pressure
D. to advise people to eat as many eggs as possible
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     There is a famous expression in English," Stop the world,  I want to get off ! " This expression refers to
a feeling of panic, or a stress, that makes people want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and
become calm  again. "Stress"means pressure or tension. It is one of the  most common causes of health
problems in modern life. Too much stress results in physical, emotional, and mental  health problems.
     There are numerous physical effects of stress. Stress  can affect the heart.lt can increase the pulse rate,
make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory (呼吸)
system. It can lead to asthma(气喘). It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of
important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach.lt can cause stomachaches and problems of
digesting food. These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from
stress.
     Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel anxious. They may
have panic attacks. They may feel tired all the time. When people  are under stress, they often overreact to
little problems. For example,a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at  l work may yell at a child for
dropping a glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous.
     Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental! illnesses. Depression, an extreme feeling of
sadness and j hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing{ stress. Alcoholism and other
addictions often develop as a l result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. Eating
disorders, such as anorexia(神经性厌食),are sometimes caused by stress and often made worse by
stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then one's mental health is put at risk.
     It is obvious that stress is a serious problem.1t attacks the body.  1t  affects the emotions. Untreated, it
may eventually result in mental illness. Stress has  a  great influence on the health and well-being of our
bodies, our feelings, and our minds. So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is not a common problem caused by stress?
A. physical problems    
B.sleeping problems
C. mental problems      
D.emotional problems
2. According to the passage, which of the following parts of  the body does not have physical problems
caused by  stress?

A. the arms    
B.the stomach
C. the lungs    
D. the heart

3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Stress does not have  a  long-term effect on your health.
B.A mother under stress may be cruel to her child.
C. Emotions are hardly affected by stress.
D. Eating disorders are sometimes caused by overuse of alcohol or drugs
阅读理解。
     In 1986, when Carlo Petrini first coined the term "Slow Food", he organized locally in his native Italy to
preserve the food and wine culture and protest fast food.
     Today, slow food has spread to 132 countries with over 85 000 members, addressing worldwide issues
like farmer equity and environmental stewardship-the actions people take to respect the rights of all living
things and all environments, to contribute to healthy and livable, communities.
     Characterized by Slow Food International as "good, clean, and fair food," slow food must enrich the eater's
life, have no negative impact on human or environmental health, and compensate fairly for food producers'
work. The average American meal travels about 1 500 miles to its final destination, with producing of food
traveling by plane from overseas and other items shipped across the country. However, cost for food travel
and heavy processing are not the only problems in the food industry that the environment faces. Industrial
agriculture also has unsustainable practices like inefficient water use and decreased biodiversity. Our ideas in
feeding ourselves are exceptional, but at various points our technologies come into conflict with nature's ways
of doing things. A great many of the health and environmental problems created by our food system owe to
our attempts to oversimplify nature's complexities, at both the growing and the eating ends of our food chain.
     "Slowing" food, by purchasing locally and sustainably, allows consumers to reduce the impact of "food
miles" and develop a closer relationship with their food producers. "We need to change our food system," said
David Prior, organizer of Slow Food Nation's Eat-In. "Our current food system is sick and we need to support
farmers and agriculture to ensure that everyone has the right to nutritious food."
1. The main idea of the passage can be summarized as _____.
A. why slow food is so important
B. the food and wine culture is rich in Italy
C. what you're eating always travels a long way
D. slow food makes the current food system sick
2. According to the second paragraph, environmental stewardship refers to _____.
A. measures of environmental protections
B. ways to establish healthy and livable communities
C. people's admiration for all the creatures on the earth
D. actions to protect the rights of all living things and environment
3. Slow food's characteristic doesn't lie in _____.
A. improving the quality of eater's life
B. providing a fair pay for food workers
C. being friendly to human and environmental health
D. developing a loose relationship with food producers
4. What is David Prior's attitude towards current food system? 
A. Suspicious
B. Unsatisfied
C. Indifferent
D. Supportive
阅读理解。
                                                                   Head above Water
     TUVALU, a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean, has asked for help as it will be swallowed up by the sea.
     Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu's nine little islands is more than five
meters above the sea level. Salt water is already entering the country's drinking water supply, as well as
damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetables. Without urgent help, the country's days are numbered.
     But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea. Venice, a historic city in Italy best known
for its canals, has sunk about 24 cm over the past 100 years. Experts say that it will have sunk another 20-
50cm by 2050. A century ago, St. Mark's Square, the lowest point city, flooded about nine times a year.
Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times. While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands,
global warming causes Tuvalu's rising sea level.
     The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century;
scientists expect it rise by extra l-3 degrees over the next 100 years.
     Warmer weather makes glaciers (冰川) melt, adding more water to the ocean. The warmer temperatures
also make water expand, so it takes up more space, causing the sea level to rise. The sea level has risen about
10-25 cm in the last 100 years.
     The main cause of global warming is human pollution. Through burning coal, oil and gas, people have
been increasing the green-house gases in the atmosphere, such as CO2. This adds to the power of the
greenhouse effect, making the planet even warmer.
     Many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes. The sea
level could rise by one meter this century.
     Should this come true-the sea will swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with
"climate refugees" looking for somewhere to live?
1. We can infer from the second paragraph that _____.
A. Tuvalu is in danger of being swallowed up by the sea
B. all Tuvalu's islands are about five meters above the sea level
C. drinking water in Tuvalu has been destroyed
D. Tuvalu is often flooded by storms and waves
2. The author uses Tuvalu and Venice as examples in order to explain _____.
A. they are the first place sinking into the sea
B. they are both sinking into the mud where they stand
C. they will disappear in the future
D. their trouble is caused by global warming
3. Put the following events in the right order.
    a. Glaciers began to melt.
    b. People bum coal, oil and gas.
    c. The greenhouse effect is growing.
    d. The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
    e. The sea level is rising.
    f. More CO2 is produced.
    g. Many places are sinking into the sea.
A. d,f,b,c,a,e,g
B. b,f,c,d,e,a,g
C. f,c,b,d,a,e,g
D. b,f,c,d,a,e,g
4. What does "climate refugees" mean?
A. People who are forced away from their homeland by climate.
B. Climate changes.
C. Rare animals.
D. Climate effect.