题目内容

阅读理解。
     Researchers found that walking around with a forced smile and fake (假的) happiness simply leads to
people feeling unhappier. So, putting a brave face on your sadness could be harmful. The research also
found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy.
     Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can result in bad outcomes. He said, "Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead
to emotional tiredness, and that's bad for the organization." He also said the research showed
customer-service workers who had "fake smiles" throughout the day fell into a bad mood and didn't want
to work, so their productivity dropped.
     The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional expressions over a period of time and
compare the different effects on men and women. Dr. Scott's team examined the effects of "surface
acting", or fake smiling, compared to "deep acting", or making people smile by thinking of peasant
memories.
     Dr. Scott said, "Women were harmed more by surface acting, meaning their moods worsened even
more than men's. However, they were helped more by deep acting, which means their moods improved
more by thinking of pleasant memories. "
     According to Dr. Scott, women tend to suffer more when pretending to be happy because they are
expected to be more emotionally expressive than men. Therefore, forcing a smile while feeling down is
more likely to go against their normal behavior and cause more harmful feelings.
     Although deep acting can improve moods a little in the short term, Dr. Scott says, it's not a long-term
solution to feeling unhappy. "There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period you
start to feel unreal. You're trying to develop positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel
like yourself any more."
1. According to the passage, Dr. Scott's study ______.
A. is supported by some big employers in the USA
B. is meaningful as there haven't been many similar ones
C. examined more women than men for a long time
D. aimed to make the employees more productive
2. Women suffer more from fake happiness mainly because ______.
A. they usually turn up shy in public places
B. they should be more emotionally expressive
C. they are often treated in a terrible way
D. they like thinking of pleasant memories
3. It is implied in the passage that deep acting _____.
A. doesn't have any effect on men
B. cannot improve our moods in any case
C. harms our feelings in the long run
D. pleases people by feeling like another person
4. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Fake smiling makes people unhappy.
B. Women shouldn't be forced to smile.
C. An important suggestion for workers.
D. Why people don't want to work.
1-4: DACC
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阅读理解

　　Do you know something about tree rings?Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like, sometimes even hundreds of years ago?

　　A tree will grow well in a climate with lots of sunshine and rainfall．And little sunshine or rainfall will limit(限制)the growth of climate by studying the tree rings．For example, to find out the weather of ten years ago, count the rings of a tree from the outside to the inside．If the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year．If it is near to the eleventh ring, then the climate that year was bad．

　　Tree rings are important not only for studying the history of weather but also for studying the history of man．Many centuries ago there lived a lot of people at a place in New Mexico．But now you can find only sand there－no trees and no people．What happened?

　　A scientist studied the rings of dead trees there．He found that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees to make fires and buildings．As all the trees had gone, the people there had to move．

(1)

________ in good climate．

[　　]

A．

Tree rings grow far from each other

B．

Tree rings become thinner

C．

Trees don’t need sunshine or rainfall

D．

People can cut down most of the trees

(2)

The scientists are interested in studying tree rings because tree rings can tell ________．

[　　]

A．

whether a tree was strong or not

B．

whether people took good care of the trees or not

C．

whether the climate was good or not

D．

how old the trees were

(3)

If you want to find out the weather of twenty years ago,you should study ________．

[　　]

A．

the twentieth ring

B．

the tenth ring

C．

the nineteenth ring

D．

the twenty first ring

(4)

Why did people usually live in places with lots of trees?

[　　]

A．

Trees could tell the change of the weather．

B．

Trees brought lots of sunshine and rain．

C．

Trees could make weather not too hot or too cold．

D．

Trees could be used for burning and for building house．

(5)

The people had to leave the place in New Mexico because ________．

[　　]

A．

bad weather stopped the growth of trees

B．

they no longer had water and the land became sand

C．

they didn’t have enough trees for burning

D．

there was too much rain there

阅读理解

Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth put it best when she said to her father. “But Dad, you can't be healthy if you're dead.”

    Dad , in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt--a mistake 75% of the US population make every day. The big question is why.

    There have been many myths about safety belts ever since their first appearance in cars some forty years ago. The following are three of the most common.

    Myth( 神话)Number One: It's best to be “thrown clear” of a serious accident.

    Truth: Sorry , but any accident serious enough to “throw you clear” is also going to be serious enough to give you a very bad landing. And chances are you'll have traveled through a windshield(挡风玻璃)or door to do it. Studies show that chances of dying after a car accident are twenty-five times greater in cases where people are “thrown clear.”

　　Myth Number Two: Safety belts “trap” people in cars that are burning or sinking in water.

　　Truth: Sorry again. but studies show that people knocked unconscious(昏迷) due to not wearing safety belts have a greater chance of dying in these accidents. People wearing safety belts are usually protected to the point of having a clear head to free themselves from such dangerous situations, not to be trapped in them.

　　Myth Number Three: Safety belts aren't needed at speeds of less than 30 miles per hour

　　Truth: when two cars traveling at 30 mph hit each other. An unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters.

Why did Elizabeth say to her father, “But. Dad, you can't be healthy if you're dead”?

A. He was driving at great speed.

B. He was running across the street.

C. He didn't have his safety belt on.

D. He didn't take his medicine on time.

The reason Father was in a hurry to get home was that he＿＿＿＿＿．

A. wasn't feeling very well

B. hated to drive in the dark

C. wanted to take some exercise

D. didn't want to be caught by the police

According to the text, to be “thrown clear” of a serious accident is very dangerous ,because you ＿＿＿＿＿．

A. may be knocked down by other cars

B may get seriously hurt being thrown out of the car

C. may find it impossible to get away from the seat

D. may get caught in the car door

Some people prefer to drive without wearing a safety belt because they believe＿＿＿.

A. the belt prevents them from escaping in an accident

B. they will be unable to think clearly in an accident

C. they will be caught when help comes

D. cars catch fire easily

What is the advice given in the text?

A．Never drive faster than 30 miles an hour.

B. Try your best to save yourself in a car accident.

C. Never forget to wear the safety belt while driving.

D. Drive slowly while you're not wearing a safety belt.　

 

Ⅲ　阅读　（共两节，满分40分）

第一节  阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A person has to be sixteen to drive, seventeen to see certain movies, and eighteen to vote. People can get terrific discounts on all sorts of stuff－provided they’re over sixty-five. Everywhere we look there are age limits that define what people can and can’t do. But creativity has no boundaries, no limitations. Anyone can invent. And they do. Inventors are popping up at the youngest ages.

Sitting in the car waiting for her mom to return from shopping, Becky decided she might as well try to finish her math homework. But it was growing dark and getting hard to see the paper.

“I didn’t have a flashlight, and I didn’t want to open the car door because then the whole car would light up.” recalled Becky. “So I thought it would be neat to have my paper light up somehow, and that’s when the idea came to me.”

It isn’t every day that a ten-year-old invents a product eagerly sought by several businesses, but that’s exactly what Becky Schroeder did when she created a tool that enabled people to write in the dark. Her invention? The Glo-sheet.

That night Becky went home, trying to imagine different ways of making her paper glow in the dark. She remembered all sorts of glow-in-the-dark toys－like balls and Frisbees－and wondered how they were made. She was determined to find a solution. So they very next day, Beck’s dad took her on an outing to the hardware store. They returned with a pail (桶) of phosphorescent paint. She took the paint and stacks of paper into the darkest room in the house－the bathroom. There, she experimented.

“I’d turn on the light, turn it off, turn it on,” said Becky. “My parents remember me running out the room saying ‘It works, it works! I’m writing in the dark!’ ”

She used an acrylic board and coated it with a specific amount of phosphorescent paint. She took a complicated idea and made it work rather simply. When the coated clipboard is exposed to light, it glows. The glowing board then illuminates or lights up the paper that has been placed on top. Two years after her initial inspiration, in 1974, Becky became the youngest female ever to receive a U.S. patent.

She didn’t actively market her Glo-sheet. She didn’t need to. The New York Times wrote an article about an incredible invention－patented by a twelve-year-old, and the inquiries and orders streamed in.

1. From Paragraph 1 , we can draw a conclusion that _________.

A. it is illegal for one to drive under sixteen

B. people enjoy privileges when over sixty-five

C. one is never too old or too young to invent

D. people hate the limitations that define our behavior

2. What caused Becky to invent Glo-sheet?

A. She was trying to do homework when it got dark.

B. She was having trouble with math problems.

C. She was trying to earn some money. 

D. She was working on a school project.

3. What is the meaning of the underlined words “phosphorescent paint” in paragraph 5?

A. paint that acts as a glue                                  B. paint that covers a mark

C. paint that becomes hard                                 D. paint that glows in the dark

4. What does it mean that Beck “didn’t actively market her Glo-sheet” according to paragraph 8?

A. She kept the original one for her own use.

B. Other people came to her for the Glo-sheet.

C. Becky’s father tried to sell the Glo-sheet.

D. She gave away patent to the government.

5. With which statement would Becky most likely agree?

A. Experience is needed to be a good inventor.

B. Only by inventing things can you know what people need.

C. Always try to sell patent rights to large companies. 

D. You never know what you can do unless you try.

 

阅读理解
     You're in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at a sweater.You listen to their conversation:
     "I can't believe it-Lorenzo Bertolla! They are almost impossible to find.Isn't it beautiful? And it's a lot
cheaper than the one Sara bought in Rome."
     They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater.It's nice and the price is right.You've never
heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish.They must know.So, you buy it.You never
realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency.They are actually paid to go from
store to store, talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla clothes.
     Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating.If the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too.This is the secret of undercover marketing.Companies from Ford to Nike are starting to
use it.
     Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that don't pay attention to traditional
advertising.This is particularly true of the MTV generation-consumers between the age of 18 and 34.It's a golden group.They have a lot of money to spend, but they don't trust ads.
     So advertising agencies hire young actors to "perform" in bars and other places where young adults go.Some people might call this practice misleading, but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it
creative."Look at traditional advertising.Its effectiveness is decreasing." It is true, because everyone knows an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something.However, you don't know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance.
1. The two attractive young women were talking so as to ______.                          
A. get the sweater at a lower price                                                      
B. be heard by people around                                                              
C. be admired by other shoppers                                                          
D. decide on buying the sweater                                                          
2. Lorenzo Bertolla is ________.                                                          
A. a very popular male singer                                                            
B. an advertising agency                                                                  
C. a clothing company in Rome                                                            
D. the brand name of clothes                                                              
3. What can we infer from the passage?                                                    
A. Traditional advertising will soon disappear in the market.                            
B. The MTV generation tends to be more easily influenced by all kinds of ads.            
C. That traditional advertising is too direct may lead to its decreasing effectiveness.  
D. Undercover marketing will surely be banned soon by the government.                    
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?                        
A. Two Attractive Shoppers                                                                
B. Lorenzo Bertolla Sweaters                                                              
C. Ways of Advertising                                                                    
D. Undercover Marketing                                                                  
阅读理解
     You're sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns ( 打哈欠). Suddenly , you're 
 yawning  with  him , though  you're not tired.
      This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to
sympathize with fellow humans.Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were
unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious (有感染力的) yawning,
which showed that humans communicate regularly without words.
     Hugo Critchley,a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that
happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critchley , our mind and body
are in constant exchange about how we're feeling. " Emotions are closely linked with states of internal
(内部的) responses. " he explained."There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial
expressions. When we're in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, there's
the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious, changes that reflect emotions
of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure. "
     Hugo Critchley further explained , " Our bodies synchronise and when we like the other person , we
even copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you're sitting-it's pretty likely
that you will be the same. Scientists believe it's our way of telling each other that we're partners. Through
body language, humans give each other very subtLe (微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions. "
    So,what lessons can we leam from this? " Spend time with happy people-otherwise your health could
suffer. " said Critchley. " When we're sad,our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when we're happy,
our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel
healthy and it affects everyone around us. "
1. According to Hugo Critchley,__________.
A. emotions are as visible as facial expressions
B. we yawn more frequently when we have a cold
C. emotions are connected with states of internal responses
D. the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change ofemotions
2. The underlined word " synchronise"  in Paragraph 4 means"___________"    
A. move slowly                  
B. change rapidly
C. relax temporarily             
 D. respond accordingly
3. From the passage we can learn_________.   
A. sadness is as contagious as happiness
B. anger is less contagious than friendliness
C. surprise is more contagious than smile
D. surprise is the most contagious among emotions
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage ?   
A. Emotions have delicate influence on fellow humans.
B. Children like copying the actions of fellow humans.
C. Scientists are still confused about contagious yawning.
D. People tend to communicate more with body language.

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