题目内容

20．People may use the expression"birdbrain"in English to talk about someone who is stupid，but crows prove that this is unfair．Now it has been discovered that crows may understand analogies （类推法）．
It was once thought that only humans could understand analogies，which help us to solve problems creatively，put things into categories，and make scientific discoveries．
To test this ability in animals，scientists do"relational matching-to-sample"（RMTS） tests，according to the IFL Science website．If a pair was AA，for example，then picking BB to match it would be correct．If the pair was CD，however，then EF would be correct．
Apes and monkeys have learned RMTS，but scientists wanted to know if crows could do it，too．An international team led by Edward Wasserman from the University of Iowa in the US first trained two hooded crows to match things by color，shape，and number in what is called"identity matching-to-sample（IMTS）"，then moved onto RMTS．
For the IMTS test，the birds were put in a cage with a plastic tray that had three cards and two cups in it．The card in the middle was the sample card．The cups on either side were covered with the other two cards：One was the same as the sample （in the color，shape，or number of shapes pictured），while the other wasn't．The cup with the card that matched the sample card contained two wormsto eat．
In the second part of the experiment，the birds were tested with relational matching pairs．A card with two same-sized circles，for example，meant they should pick the test card with two same-sized squares and not two different-sized circles．The birds did well in the more difficult test and picked the correct card more than three quarters of the time，Science News reports．
Wasserman was surprised that crows were able to solve the problem without any training in RMTS．"What the crows have done is extraordinary，"he said in a news release．"Honestly，if it was only by force that the crows showed this learning，then it would have been an impressive result．But this was  spontaneous．"
So perhaps it's time to stop saying"birdbrain"permanently!

46．Why does the author mention the expression"birdbrain"in the opening paragraph？D
A．To get the reader interested in the origins of the expression．
B．To urge people to stop saying that birds are stupid．
C．To introduce the topic of Edward Wasserman and his experiments．
D．To introduce recent findings about crows'intelligence．
47．Which of the following is TRUE about the tests on the hooded crows？D
A．The birds did better in RMTS than in IMTS．
B．The birds were first made to do RMTS，then IMTS．
C．The birds picked almost all the correct cards in RMTS．
D．In the IMTS test，the birds needed to identify the sample card to get rewards．
48．In the RMTS test，if the birds were given the sample card with two same-sized triangles，they had to pick the test card withA．
A．two same-sized circles
B．one circle and one triangle
C．two different-sized circles
D．two different-sized triangles
49．The underlined word"spontaneous"in the second-to-last paragraph is closest in meaning toC．
A．central
B．creative
C．natural
D．predictable
50．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？B
A．Monkeys Are Clever Than Crows
B．Crows Show Cleverness
C．Crows Did Well in RMTS
D．Crows May Understand Analogies．

分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读．文章主要介绍了最近对乌鸦做的一些测试，结果说明了它们并不像人们想象中的那么笨．它们可以自发的学习一些东西．

解答 46．D推理判断题．根据第一段中but crows prove that this is unfair．Now it has been discovered that crows may understand analogies （类推法）．可知作者提到"birdbrain"--笨蛋是为了引出下文对乌鸦智力研究的新发现．故选D．
47．D细节理解题．根据第五段One was the same as the sample （in the color，shape，or number of shapes pictured），while the other wasn't．The cup with the card that matched the sample card contained two wormsto eat．可知乌鸦要识别出和样本卡片一样的卡片才能得到虫子吃．故选D．
48．A细节推断题．根据第三段If a pair was AA，for example，then picking BB to match it would be correct．If the pair was CD，however，then EF would be correct．可知在RMTS测试中，一对AA与BB相匹配是正确的．如果一对CD跟EF相配对是正确的．由此推知，在RMTS测试，如果鸟儿被给两个大小相同的三角形，它们不得不选择两个相同大小的圆．故选A．
49．C猜测词义题．根据最后一段Wasserman was surprised that crows were able to solve the problem without any training in RMTS．可知乌鸦能够在RMTS测试中无任何训练地解决问题．乌鸦的这种学习是自发的．由此推知，"spontaneous"意思为"自发的，自然产生的"．故选C．
50．B主旨大意题．文章主要介绍了最近对乌鸦做的一些测试，结果说明它们并不像人们想象地那么笨．故选B．

点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力以及细心程度，只要抓住文章的关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节，就能找到正确答案．

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