题目内容
Six years ago, a Miami woman walking through the hall of an office building casually noticed two men standing together. Several minutes after her leaving, the men murdered a person working in the building. Police investigators determined that the woman was the only witness who had seen the two suspects, and could possibly describe them. In an interview with police, her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear.
Several days later, psychologist Ronald P. Fisher was brought in to get a more complete description from the woman. Fisher’s interview produced a breakthrough (突破)—the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects. She then recalled several details about his appearances. This information gave police important leads that enabled them to arrest the suspects and close the case.
Police investigators found the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the so-called cognitive (认知的) interview, a kind of memory-rebuilding process. In its original form, the cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques: thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events, reporting everything that comes to mind about those events no matter how broken or unconnected, retelling events in kinds of time orders, beginning to end, end to beginning, forward or backward, and accepting different views while recalling events.
Usually, an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else’s questions. The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions. The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different aspects.
Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they get nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about the same.
56. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To give an description of a murder case in an office.
B. To explain why Fisher was invited to a police interview.
C. To describe how cognitive method helps the woman to recall.
D. To give the readers an idea of cognitive interview.
57. The cognitive interview helped the woman to recall more by __________.
A. strengthening her memory B. giving her encouragement
C. rebuilding her memory D. giving her more time
58. It can be inferred from the passage that in a cognitive interview, the interviewer mainly plays a __________ role.
A. directing B. questioning C. disappointing D. interrupting
59. What is the key point of the cognitive interview?
A. The interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time.
B. The witness is encouraged to take an active role in recalling information.
C. The interview should take place outside the police station.
D. The witness should recall details at the scene of the event.
60. Police trained in the cognitive interview method can ___________.
A. get more information from the witness than before
B. decrease the error rate
C. solve the cases more quickly
D. use the method more skillfully than the psychologists
DCABA
Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught in school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.
In 1849, after graduation from medical school. she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.
Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital, she also set up the first medical school for women.
1.Why couldn’t Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?
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A．She couldn’t get admitted to medical school |
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B．She decided to further her education in Paris |
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C．A serious eye problem stopped her |
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D．It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States |
2.What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth’s chances for becoming for a doctor?
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A．She was a woman. |
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B．She wrote too many letters. |
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C．She couldn’t graduate from medical school. |
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D．She couldn’t set up her hospital. |
3.How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital?
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A．Eight years |
B．Ten years |
C．Nineteen years |
D．Thirty-six years |
4.According to the passage, all of the following are “firsts” in the life of Elizabeth Blacekwell,except that she ______.
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A．became the first woman physician |
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B．was the first woman doctor |
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C．and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children |
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D．set up the first medical school for women |
5.Eilzabeth Blackwell spent most of her lift in _______.
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A．England |
B．Paris |
C．the United States |
D．New York City |